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1 education DEPARTMENT: EDUCATION MPUMALANGA PROVINCE NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES PAPER 2 NOVEMBER 2015 GRADE 10 MARKS: 150 TIME: 2 1 / 2 hours This paper consists of 12 pages

2 2 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION This question paper consists of FOUR questions. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK. Start EACH question from SECTION B on a NEW page. Read ALL the questions carefully and make sure you answer what is asked. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. Non-programmable calculators may be used. Write neatly and legibly. SECTION A

3 3 QUESTION Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the correct answer and write the correct letter (A D) next to the question number ( ) in the ANSWER BOOK One of the following is the characteristic of clay soil A Poor in nutrients. B Difficult to cultivate. C Low water retention capacity. D Easily eroded The soil forming mineral that is crystal clear, very hard, transparent to milky white and resists weathering is A biotite. B quartz. C calcite. D agite The soil particle type that is less than 0,002 mm in diameter is called A clay. B silt. C fine sand. D coarse sand Organic matter forms only about of the total volume of soil. A 45% B 15% C 5% D 25% One of the following factors is an agent of biological weathering A Wind. B Freezing water. C Plant roots. D Carbonic acid.

4 1.1.6 Which one of the following is an example citrus fruit? A banana. B apple. C pineapple. D orange. 1.1.7 The collective name used to refer to fruit like apples, plums and pear is A tropical fruits.

4 Which one of the following is an example citrus fruit? A banana. B apple. C pineapple. D orange The collective name used to refer to fruit like apples, plums and pear is A tropical fruits. B subtropical fruits. C citrus fruits. D deciduous fruits is an agricultural phenomenon illustrated by the picture below. A Water pollution B Soil pollution C Air pollution D Soil erosion The concept used to refer to soil that is losing quality and productivity. A soil degradation. B soil water logging. C soil erosion. D soil aeration The cell organelle that is responsible for synthesis of proteins is called A chloroplasts. B mitochondria. C ribosomes. D lysosomes. (10 x 2) (20)

5 5 1.2 Choose a term /phrase in COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A-G) next to the question number ( ) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example K. COLUMN A COLUMN B Secondary mineral. A The Eucalyptus tree The molten magma. B Cereals Grain crops that are used for food. C Lava Production of papers and poles used as support in mines. D Chloroplast The power house for respiration. E Kaolinite F Mitochondria G Feldspar. (5 x 2) (10)

6 6 1.3 Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the word/term next to the question number ( ) in the ANSWER BOOK The weathering process where a mineral reacts with water to form a new, softer and more easily erosive mineral. The removal of topsoil by wind and water. The process in which a liquid changes to a gas as a result of an increase in temperature. The type of natural resources that can be replaced in a short time. The type of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells. (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 Change the UNDERLINED WORD(S) in each of the following statements to make them TRUE. Write the appropriate word(s) next to the question number ( ) in the ANSWER BOOK The enrichment of water with the plant nutrients nitrate and phosphate is known as bioturbation. Water quantity is a term used to describe the chemical, physical and characteristics of water. Sandy soil adsorbs many plant nutrients. Maize and sorghum are suitable examples of horticultural crops. Hygroscopic water is the only type of soil water that is available to plants. (5 x1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45

7 7 SECTION B QUESTION 2: PLANT SCIENCES 2.1 Study the graph below showing wheat production between 2005 and Time (Years) In which year was the least wheat produced? (1) What was the difference in wheat production between the highest and lowest production? Show all your calculations. (3) How many tonnes of wheat were produced in 2008? (2) Which climatic condition had an influence on the wheat production in 2008? (2) Suggest ONE reason why the production was so low in (2)

8 8 2.2 Study the word box below and answer the questions that follow: Sunflower Cotton Sorghum Soya beans Maize Grapes Identify the crop given in the text box above that matches each of the following descriptions: Used to produce traditional home brewed beer. (1) Used to produce cooking oil, soaps and candles. (1) An industrial crop. (1) Originated from Mexico. (1) Contain high level of protein and is used to produce oil cake for livestock. (1) 2.3 South African rural communities use indigenous vegetables, such as Morogo (Amaranthus), in their diet. Indigenous vegetables have the advantage that they are suited to South African climate and soil conditions. The leaves are used in the same way as spinach. The leaves have good nutritional value. They contain up to 30% protein. Morogo help to reduce malnutrition in children Briefly explain the term vegetable. (2) What group of vegetable does Morogo belong to? (1) Explain why is it easier to grow Morogo than spinach in South Africa? (2) Describe the nutritional value of Morogo. (2) Explain the importance of Morogo for people and children in rural communities (1) Describe the characteristics of loamy soil that make it suitable for crop production. (3)

9 2.4 Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow: A B C 2.4.1 Identify the types of fruit represented by diagram A, B and C.

(1) (b) A raw product of wine. (1) (c) A source of mono-unsaturated fats. (1) 2.

9 9 2.4 Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow: A B C Identify the types of fruit represented by diagram A, B and C. (3) Select the fruit (A to C) that match each of the following description: (a) A rich source of vitamin C. (1) (b) A raw product of wine. (1) (c) A source of mono-unsaturated fats. (1) 2.5 Lucerne is the most highly cultivated legume fodder crop in the world What nutrient does lucerne provide for animals? (1) List TWO forms in which lucerne is fed to animals. (2) [35]

10 QUESTION 3: SOIL SCIENCES 3.1 Soil forms an integral part of the natural functions of an ecosystem 3.1.1 Mention any THREE components of soil. (3) 3.1.2 Soil plays an important role in the ecosystem.

2 Minerals play an important role in soil formation 3.2.1 Define the concept minerals. (2) 3.2.2 Explain the differences between primary and secondary minerals. (2) 3.2.3 List any THREE characteristics that are used to identify minerals.

10 10 QUESTION 3: SOIL SCIENCES 3.1 Soil forms an integral part of the natural functions of an ecosystem Mention any THREE components of soil. (3) Soil plays an important role in the ecosystem. Justify the statement by providing THREE roles of soil in the ecosystem. (3) Describe TWO important influence of organic matter in the soil. (2) 3.2 Minerals play an important role in soil formation Define the concept minerals. (2) Explain the differences between primary and secondary minerals. (2) List any THREE characteristics that are used to identify minerals. (3) Explain the term mother rock. (2) 3.3 Metamorphic rock is formed through a process called metamorphism Evaluate the cultivation suitability of soil that originates from metamorphic rock under the following headings: (a) Aeration and drainage. (1) (b) Water retention capacity. (1) (c) Fertility. (1) 3.4 The pictures below illustrate weathering of rocks. A B Name THREE types of weathering. (3) Indicate the agents of weathering in picture A and B respectively. (2) Explain the difference between weathering and soil erosion. (2)

11 Study the below schematic representation of weathering and answer the questions that follow: KAlSi 3 O 8 + H 2 O HAlSi 3 O 8 + KOH Muscovite + water acid silicate + kaolinite Slowly soluble more soluble very soluble Name the type of weathering represented in the above equation. (1) What type of reaction is represented by the above equation? (1) 3.6. Briefly describe how the following soil-forming factors affect soil formation: Wind. (2) Aspect or slope direction. (2) 3.7 Describe leaching as a soil forming process. (2) [35] QUESTION 4: RESOURCE UTILISATION AND BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS 4.1 Answer the following questions on agricultural resources: Differentiate between primary and secondary resources and give suitable example for each. (4) Use a table to classify each of the following natural resource as renewable or non renewable resource: Fossil fuel; Water; Bio fuel; and indigenous forest. (4) Describe THREE methods of using soil sustainably. (3) 4.2 Soil erosion causes physical soil degradation in the World Name THREE types soil erosion. (3) List TWO causes of soil erosion. (2) Explain salinisation as an example of chemical degradation of soil. (2) Describe TWO control measures of salinisation. (2) 4.3. South Africa is a water-scarce country Define the concept water supply. (1) Name THREE factors that affect the supply of water in agriculture. (3) List TWO types of water pollutants. (2) 4.4 Living organisms are made of living building blocks called cells Indicate the instrument that is used to magnify small objects. (1) Describe the functions of the following cell organelles. (a) Nucleus. (2) (b) Chloroplast. (2) (c) Mitochondria. (2)

12 Indicate whether each of the statements below, is applicable to mitotic or meiotic cell division: It occurs in somatic cells. (1) Produces two identical daughter cells. (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150

13 education DEPARTMENT: EDUCATION MPUMALANGA PROVINCE NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES PAPER 2 NOVEMBER 2015 GRADE 10 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 150 This memorandum consists of 8 pages

14 2 Agricultural sciences P2 NSC - Memorandum November 2015 SECTION A QUESTION Multiple choice B B A C C D D B A C (2x10) (20) 1.2 Match type E C B A F (2x5) (10) 1.3 Terminology Hydrolysis Soil erosion Evaporation Renewable resources Meiosis. (2x5) (10)

15 3 Agricultural sciences P2 NSC - Memorandum November Replacement Eutrophication Quality Clay Field Capillary. (1x5) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 SECTION B QUESTION 2: PLANT SCIENCES (1) = tonnes (3) tonnes (2) Good rainfall in the growing season. (2) Any ONE of the following: No rain during the growing season () Received frost during flowering period () (2) Sorghum. (1) Sunflower. (1) Cotton. (1) Maize. (1) Soya beans. (1) Vegetables are crops that are grown for their edible roots, stems, leaves, fruits or flowers. (2) Leaf vegetable. (1)

16 4 Agricultural sciences P2 NSC - Memorandum November Morogo is suited to South African climate and soil conditions and can tolerate high temperatures than spinach. (2) Morogo contains up to 30% protein. (1) It is a source of protein and can reduce malnutrition in children. (1) THREE characteristics of loamy soil. Loamy soil is fertile. It is well drained. It is well aerated. Moderate water retention capacity. (Any 3) (3) Classification of fruits. A- Subtropical fruit. (1) B- Citrus fruit. (1) C- Deciduous fruit. (1) (a) - B. (1) (b) - C. (1) (c) - A. (1) Protein, minerals and vitamins. (Any 1) (1) As pasture, silage, hay and dry pellets. (Any 2) (2) [35]

17 5 Agricultural sciences P2 NSC - Memorandum November 2015 QUESTION Soil and ecosystem THREE components of soil. Organic matter. Soil water. Soil air. Minerals. (Any 3) (3) THREE importance of soil in the ecosystem Soil serves as growth medium for plants. It anchors and provides support for plants. It supplies plants with mineral nutrients. It provides water to plant roots. It provides oxygen to roots and soil organisms for respiration. It provide habitat for soil organisms such as earthworms. (Any 3 (3) TWO important influence of organic matter in the soil. Improve soil structure (crumb structure). Improve drainage and aeration. Improve water retention capacity. Improve soil tillability. (Any 2) (2) Minerals are solid inorganic substances that are found in rocks and in the soil. (2) Primary minerals occur in their original form while secondary minerals develop from primary minerals during chemical reactions. (2) THREE characteristics that are used to identify minerals. Transparency. Cleavage. Lustre. Hardness. Colour. Tenacity. (Any 3) (3)

18 6 Agricultural sciences P2 NSC - Memorandum November Mother rock is the original rock from which the soil is formed. (2) The cultivation suitability of soil that originates from metamorphic rock. a) Aeration and drainage. Poorly aerated and drained. (1) b) Water retention capacity. High water content. (1) c) Fertility. Highly fertile. (1) 3.4 Weathering of rocks THREE types of weathering. Physical weathering. Chemical weathering. Biological weathering. (3) The agents of weathering. A - Running water. B - Wind. (2) The difference between weathering and soil erosion. Weathering is when rocks are broken down into smaller pieces while erosion is the removal of top layer of the soil. (2) Chemical weathering. (1) Hydrolysis. (1) 3.6. Soil-forming factors affect soil formation Wind. Speed up weathering and blow particles from one place to another. (2) Aspect or slope direction. More weathering in the wet cooler Southern slope than in the dry hot Northern slope. (2) 3.7 Leaching occur when soluble nutrients are washed down by percolation. (2) [35]

19 7 Agricultural sciences P2 NSC - Memorandum November 2015 QUESTION Primary resources are basic or key resources e.g. soilwhile secondary resources are artificial resources and depend on primary resources e.g. fertilizers (4) Renewable resources Non-renewable resources Water Fossil fuel. Bio fuel Indigenous forest (4) THREE methods of using soil sustainably. Practice crop rotation. Limiting and carefully using chemical fertilizers. Use organic fertilizers. Include legumes crops. (Any3) (3) THREE types soil erosion. Sheet erosion. Rill erosion. Gully. (3) TWO causes of soil erosion. Overgrazing. Monocropping. Ploughing marginal land. Burning veld. (Any 2) (2) Salinisation is building-up salts in the soil. (2) Two control measures salinisation. Control irrigation system. Improve the drainage system. Apply gypsum. (Any 2) (2) Water supply refers to stores of water that can be accessible for use. (1) THREE factors that affect the supply of water in agriculture. SA has a below average rainfall. The rainfall is unevenly distributed. There are only few big rivers. (3) TWO types of water pollutants. Chemical fertilizers. Pesticides.

20 8 Agricultural sciences P2 NSC - Memorandum November 2015 Manure. Soil or sediments. (Any 2) (2) Microscope. (1) Nucleus contain genetic materials. (2) Chloroplast - synthesizes chlorophyll pigment. (2) Mitochondria site for respiration. (2) Mitosis. (1) Mitosis. (1) [35]

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES HALF-YEARLY EXAMINATION JUNE 2015 GRADE 10 MARKS: 150 TIME : 2½ hours This question paper consists of 11 pages 2 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION