Foliar Fungicide Guide

Transcription

1 NEW Veritas Fungicide FOLIAR FUNGICIDE GUIDE Details inside Foliar Fungicide Guide adama.com 2

2 Foliar Diseases The significance of foliar s in Cereals Foliar s are responsile for significant production losses throughout Australian cereal growing regions. The value of lost production from leaf s in Wheat alone is currently estimated at $472m per annum, with potential losses of several illion dollars a year if not managed appropriately 1. How do foliar outreaks occur? There are three factors that must e present for a foliar outreak: A viale inoculum source A susceptile variety Favourale weather conditions. Viale inoculum source The inoculum (fungal spores) that initiates a epidemic is called the inoculum source. The primary inoculum source will depend upon the and its aility to survive on either a living host (i.e. Rusts) or on dead plant material such as stule (i.e. Yellow Spot, Septoria, Scald). Volunteers are a host for Rusts and provide a Green Bridge over the summer fallow to initiate new infections in susequent crops. If volunteers are not properly controlled prior to sowing, there is a greater risk of outreaks in the following crop. Most cereal s are stuleorne and ale to survive over summer on stule. If a crop is sown into stule containing the inoculum of s such as Yellow Spot or Septoria (i.e. Wheat sown into infected Wheat stule), there will e a significantly greater chance of infection early in the crop (Figure 1). Favourale weather conditions Pathogens have temperature and leaf wetness requirements for spore germination, infection and sporulation. At a suitale temperature and leaf wetness, spores germinate and infect the plant. What can I do to manage foliar s? Growers have a range of options availale to manage foliar s including: Reducing inoculum sources Choosing suitale varieties Applying seed dressings or infurrow fungicides on fertiliser Applying foliar fungicides. Reducing inoculum sources Inoculum sources can e reduced y: Controlling Green Bridge volunteers Rotating crops Managing stule Volunteers should e controlled y midmarch to ensure that spores produced on these plants are not viale y the time of crop emergence. Rotating crops to avoid planting ack into infected stule is also important for s such as Yellow Spot (Figure 1) and Septoria in Wheat; and Scald and Net Blotch in Barley. Stule management can also have an impact on reducing inoculum of all stuleorne s of Cereals. Burning or cultivating stule can significantly reduce the level of inoculum prior to sowing and will reduce or delay development in the susequent crop (Figure 2). Cropping History Effects on Disease Levels 1 Flag leaf Flag1 Flag2 Stule Management and Disease Infection Lesions 12, Pseudothecia 12 % Yellow Spot severity Pseudothecia per m 2 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Yellow Spot lesions per leaf 1 st crop after long fallow 2 nd crop after long fallow 3 rd crop after long fallow No Cultivation Cultivation Burnt Burnt + Cultivated Figure 1. Yellow Spot severity in Wheat with different cropping histories in Southern Queensland 7 Figure 2. The impact of stule management strategies on a) Yellow Spot pseudothecia (ascospore earing structure) survival; and ) Yellow Spot infection levels on primary leaves in the susequent Wheat crop 2 1 adama.com

3 FOLIAR FUNGICIDE GUIDE Variety selection Variety selection can help growers manage the risk of losses from foliar s. It can also help tailor fungicide applications according to the yield potential and level of risk 3 (Figure 3 & Tale 1). Genetic Disease Resistance A. SVS MSS % Stripe Rust severity B. Grain yield (t/ha) Nil Partial control Full control SVS MSS MS MRMS R MS MRMS R Seed dressings and infurrow fungicide application Seed dressings or infurrow fungicides can improve crop estalishment and control/suppress a range of foliar s (Tale 5). Phoenix C seed dressing will control smuts and unts, and provide early season control or suppression of Stripe Rust in Wheat, and Scald and Powdery Mildew in Barley (Tale 5 on page 11). In Wheat, infurrow application of Juilee Loaded controls foliar s such as Stripe Rust and Septoria tritici and the root Takeall (Tale 5). In lowmoderate scenarios, Juilee Loaded can control Stripe Rust from sowing until stem elongation. In high pressure scenarios, Juilee Loaded provides asal fungicide protection until foliar applications commence at the start of stem elongation. In Barley, Juilee Loaded can significantly delay the first foliar fungicide application for oth Scald and Powdery Mildew. Juilee Loaded is effective when used in a management program in conjunction with foliar applications. For oth Wheat and Barley, monitoring for throughout the season is critical to ensure followup foliar sprays are applied when needed. Progression of Stripe Rust in 6 Wheat cultivars with different susceptiilities 1 1 Mace (SVS) Scout (MS) Wyalkatchem (S) Yitpi (MRMS) Derrimut (MSS) Axe (RMR) Figure 3. Stripe Rust severity and yield results of interaction etween Wheat varieties and fungicide program at Manjimup WA, 28 3 Variety Rating R MR MS Nil Partial control Full control Variety Resistance Classification 4 Interpretation of Variety Resistance Rating The will not multiply or cause any damage on this variety. This rating is only used where the variety also has seedling resistance. The may e visile and multiply ut no significant economic losses will occur. This rating signifies strong adult plant resistance. The may cause damage ut this is unlikely to e more than around 15% except in very severe situations. Leaf area affected (%) with Stripe Rust Octoer Date (213) Novemer Figure 4. Horsham, 213 (Data collected y Joshua Fanning, DEPI Horsham). The speed, at which stripe rust can develop in Mace, relative to some other varieties, is shown in Figure 4. In this field example within a period of only 14 days the leaf area affected y Stripe Rust increased from less than 1% (7 Oct) to 55% (21 Oct). S VS The can e severe on this variety and losses of 155% can occur. Where is a prolem this variety should not e grown. Losses greater than 5% are possile and the variety may create significant prolems to other growers. Tale 1. Variety classifications are availale from agency wesites 5 and are regularly updated. adama.com 2

4 Applying Foliar Fungicides What is the ojective of applying a foliar fungicide? The main goal of foliar fungicide applications is to increase profitaility 6. Fungicides do not generally increase yield, ut they protect the yield potential of a given crop y maintaining the green leaf area (including leaves, stems and grain head). Foliar s reduce the green leaf area of the plant and its aility to produce energy (via photosynthesis), particularly during key growth stages such as grain fill. Getting the est result from fungicide applications There are a numer of key considerations when applying fungicides, including: Timing of application Product selection Rate of application. Crop growth stage and spray timing The most costeffective timing to apply foliar fungicides is from stem elongation to ear emergence (GS 359; Figure 5). The final four leaves and grain head/stem contriute the most towards grain yield and quality (Tale 2). Foliar fungicide applications are designed to protect these plant parts during the grain filling period. The contriution of plant parts to yield varies with crop type and climatic conditions (Tale 2). In Wheat the flag leaf is important as it can contriute over 4% of yield. In Barley, flag2 and flag1 contriute up to 15% and 4% of yield respectively (Tale 2). These leaves appear at GS 333 and Barley usually requires a spray at this timing and a second application after flag leaf/head emergence. Timing of application Timing of application of foliar fungicides is the most important consideration for effective control. Key points to consider with fungicide timing are: Application at critical growth stages protect plant tissues that contriute to yield Multiple applications may e required as fungicides cannot protect leaves that haven t emerged at the time of spraying 6 High pressure/susceptile variety = earlier spraying + multiple sprays Applying fungicides to prevent the from ecoming estalished, not curatively 7. GS 331 Leaf 4 GS 32 Leaf 3 GS 33 Leaf 2 GS 39 Flag GS 59 Ear Figure 5. Cereal growth stages and key leaves contriuting to yield during grain fill 8. Contriution of various plant parts to grain yield in Wheat and Barley 6 Plant part High rainfall zone Wheat Low rainfall zone^ Barley Head/stem/sheath 22% 568% 2238% Flag leaf 43% 929% 59% Flag1 23% 23% 24% Flag2 7% 115% Flag3 3% 6% Tale 2. ^Source Vic DPI 25 3 adama.com

5 FOLIAR FUNGICIDE GUIDE Programs The decision aout when to spray for s depends on: Disease pressure depends on variety and weather events Visual symptoms monitor the crop for infection levels Seed dressing/infurrow application Crop growth stage apply fungicides to protect plant parts that contriute most to yield Yield potential in low + low yielding crops, fewer sprays are needed. In moderate to heavy + higher yielding crops, multiple fungicide inputs are often required. programs for Wheat Single application a single application can control where pressure is low prior to flag leaf emergence (Tale 3 on page 5). In this situation, the most important timing for applying a fungicide is at flag leaf emergence (GS 3739). Trials have shown that a single application prior to flag leaf emergence may not protect the flag leaf or adequately control (Figure 6). Fungicide Timing Influence on Disease Control Yield (t/ha) Disease Incidence Yield Stripe Rust incidence (%) Multiple spray strategies can e employed to protect key plant parts: Apply GS 32 & GS 39: 1 st spray protects flag2; 2 nd spray protects flag, flag1 Apply GS 33 & GS 59: Apply GS 32, GS 39 & GS 59: 1 st spray protects flag2 + flag1; 2 nd spray protects grain head + flag leaf 1 st spray protects flag2; 2 nd spray protects flag + flag1, 3 rd spray protects grain head/peduncle. Fungicide Timing Influence on Disease Control Grain yield (t/ha) Stripe Rust severity Untreated GS 39/43 GS 32 + GS 39/43 Yield 6 Figure 7. Comparison of fungicide timing at GS 39/43 or GS 32 + GS 39/43 on yield and Stripe Rust severity where onset occurs from GS 32, NSW % Stripe Rust Severity Flag Leaf Untreated GS 32 GS 39 GS Figure 6. Comparison of fungicide timing from the start of stem elongation (GS 32) to flag leaf emergence (GS39) on Stripe Rust, Harden, NSW 6 (Bars denote yield LSD=.2) Multiple applications application of two or more sprays is usually undertaken in susceptile varieties, particularly in higher yielding scenarios when weather conditions are conducive to outreaks earlier in the crop (Figure 7 and Tale 3). Seed/infurrow treatments can protect crops from certain s from sowing to the start of stem elongation. Applications efore stem elongation are not usually necessary ut if required, use cheaper products such as Bumper 625 and Orius (Tale 6 on page 11). adama.com 4

6 Fungicide Programs Wheat Barley Expected Scenario Sowing to late tillering GS 3233 GS 3739 GS 59 Expected Scenario Sowing to late tillering GS 2531 GS 33 GS 3959 High yield High yield Low 3 2 Low SD/IF Mod SD/IF 1 4 Mod SD/IF GS High SD/IF + 5 High SD/IF + 5 GS 331 Medium yield Medium yield Low Low SD/IF Mod SD/IF Mod SD/IF GS 331 High SD/IF + High SD/IF + GS 331 Low yield Low yield Low Low SD/IF Mod Mod SD/IF High SD/IF + High SD/IF GS 331 Tale 3. 1 SD/IF apply appropriate seed dressing or infurrow treatment as part of a ase fungicide program 2 no spray is anticipated unless conditions ecome highly conducive i.e. prolonged wet conditions, head infections 3 spray check for and spray if fresh infection is present and conditions are conducive to 4 apply fungicide at this growth stage as part of a ase fungicide program 5 SD/IF + seed dressings/infurrow treatments can provide control of Stripe Rust, Leaf Rust and Septoria tritici up to late tillering and stem elongation. crops during this period to ensure the effectiveness of these treatments and if required apply an early foliar spray. Tale 4. 1 SD/IF apply appropriate seed dressing or infurrow treatment as part of a ase fungicide program 2 check crop regularly; no spray planned at this timing, ut may e required in certain situations i.e. rainfall, fresh pustules/lesions 3 apply fungicide at this growth stage if targeting a single spray program 4 spray check for and spray if infection is present and conditions are conducive to 5 SD/IF + seed dressings/infurrow treatments can provide control of Scald, NFNB and Powdery Mildew up to late tillering and stem elongation. However, continue to monitor crops during this period to ensure the effectiveness of these treatments and spray with cheaper products if conditions favour i.e. rainfall, fresh pustules/lesions. 5 adama.com

7 FOLIAR FUNGICIDE GUIDE programs for Barley Barley is less suited to a single spray timing as the flag leaf contriutes less to yield than it does in Wheat. Flag3 is the first significant leaf in Barley, whereas flag2 is the first significant leaf in Wheat (Tale 2). Barley is susceptile to a wide range of s and most varieties are susceptile to one or more s 6. Applying a seed dressing or infurrow treatment will delay onset of Scald and Powdery Mildew (Tale 5). Single application if a single spray timing is intended, it should e at flag1 emergence 6. Flag1 contriutes more to yield than the other leaves and is a focal point for a single spray program. Apply a product with longer residual and superior protectant activity such as or Veritas if Leaf Rust predominates. If Leaf Rust symptoms are present and a highly curative product is needed then the high rate of Soprano, or Veritas will e the est choices. If Net Blotch or Scald predominate, apply Bumper 625. Multiple applications a spray program with two or more applications is usually required in Barley 6 (Tale 4). Applications efore stem elongation are not usually needed, ut if required, apply a lower cost per hectare product such as Bumper 625 (Tale 7). The first spray is usually applied at the start of stem elongation when the first node is detectale (GS 331). Where required, a second application is made usually at awn peep (GS 49). Apply a product with longer residual activity such as or Veritas if Leaf Rust predominates. If Net Blotch or Scald predominate, apply Bumper 625. Product selection Adama markets a range of fungicides in Cereals that control the majority of key foliar s (Tales 6 and 7 on pages 11 and 13). The choice of fungicide to apply will depend on: The /s present Severity of pressure Crop growth stage Yield potential Resistance management. Fungicides differ in their spectrum and efficacy. Matching the right product to the pathogen at the right timing provides a greater likelihood of getting a profitale return on investment. In lower yielding environments such as low rainfall regions, using high rates of the more expensive fungicides is seldom justified. In higher yielding environments under high pressure, application of the premium product/s are usually a more profitale option. Untreated Amistar* Xtra 4 ml/ha 42 ml/ha 84 ml/ha These photos were taken at a Septoria trial at Colac, Vic, 213. The photos illustrate the roust control that can e achieved on Septoria sp. with. adama.com 6

8 Foliar Fungicide Range Fungicide is a new road spectrum foliar fungicide for use in Wheat and Barley. The unique stroilurin (Group 11) + DMI (Group 3) comination in provides oth protectant and curative activity of all key s in Wheat and Barley. The comination of a stroilurin + DMI ensures extended protection. Infections are targeted from the time of spore germination on the leaf surface through to mycelial development within leaves. Therefore, growers applying as a preventative treatment prior to spore germination will achieve the maximum enefit from oth the stroilurin and DMI components. Spore Germination Penetration Mycelial Growth Presporulation Sporulation azoxystroin epoxiconazole azoxystroin + epoxiconazole Figure 8. Fungicide impact on Rust developmental stages. Highly effective Little or no effect Stroilurin component: Inhiits spore germination and host penetration during the early stages of fungal vegetative growth Exhiits translaminar and acropetal movement and redistriution in leaves Provides extended residual activity on spore germination. DMI (triazole) component: Rapidly asored into leaves and transported acropetally to provide uniform protection throughout the leaf, active on the vegetative mycelia of the fungi with limited direct activity on spores. has een proven in trials to offer excellent control and improved yield when compared to other market standards as highlighted in figures 9 & 1. NFNB Severity on Flag3 in Barley Means followed y same letter do not significantly differ (P =.5) 2.5 a % NFNB Severity on F3 (GS71) c a c ac c c Untreated Opera 5 ml Amistar* Xtra 4 ml Prosaro* 15 ml 8 DAA, cv. Oxford: Westmere, Vic, 213. Trial conducted y FAR and SFS Bumper 5 ml 42 ml 84 ml Figure 9. All fungicide treatments in this SFS and FAR trial at Westmere in Victoria significantly decreased the level versus the untreated, except Amistar* Xtra and Bumper which were not significantly different. Adama have now replaced Bumper with the new highly concentrated and effective Bumper 625 formulation. The trend seen in this trial illustrates the strength has against Pyrenophora spp s such as NFNB when compared to some other fungicides. 7 adama.com

9 FOLIAR FUNGICIDE GUIDE Wheat Yield Increase vs. Untreated Ave of 6 Trials, % Increase in Yield Untreated Orius 145 ml Soprano 25 ml Amistar* Xtra 4 ml 42 ml 84 ml Average across 6 trials in 212 and 213. Stem Rust, Stripe Rust, Powdery Mildew, YLS, YLS/Septoria Figure 1. This analysis of the average yield improvement achieved y in Wheat across a range of s and conditions shows that is an excellent Wheat fungicide and provides yield increases aove those seen with alternative fungicides. Soprano The active ingredient of Soprano, epoxiconazole, is the enchmark DMI fungicide for rust s in Cereals, however it also offers roust control across a range of key cereal s. Trial work has demonstrated that Soprano is highly effective on oth Stripe Rust and Leaf Rusts of Wheat and Barley (Figure 11). A major enefit of Soprano is that it offers up to four weeks residual control in addition to seven days postinfection activity on Rusts. Soprano is often used in medium to high yielding crops under moderate to high pressure as it will control s for longer into the grain fill period than other fungicides such as propiconazole or teuconazole. Leaf Rust incidence (%) Soprano Leaf Rust Control in Barley Untreated control Soprano 5 ml Flag leaf Opus* 25 ml Flag1 Opus* 5 ml Flag2 Figure 11. Efficacy of Soprano on Leaf Rust in Barley adama.com 8

10 Foliar Fungicide Range Veritas Veritas is a unique stroilurin + DMI fungicide that provides excellent control and yield improvements in cereal crops. Veritas contains azoxystroin 12 g/l + teuconazole 2 g/l and offers very cost effective, high level control. With dual modes of action Veritas offers roadspectrum control of all key cereal s while also helping with resistance management. A highly compatile SC formulation, Veritas offers outstanding flexiility and crop safety extensively tested in Australia on multiple varieties and situations. With a higher triazole rate per hectare than equivalent DMI + Stroilurin fungicides Veritas has the aility to offer higher levels of control when significant pressure is present. Figures 12 and 13 show the excellent level of control Veritas offers against Leaf Rust in Barley. Veritas also has the flexiility of eing ale to e used in multiple cropping situations including cereals, pulses and peanuts. Untreated Orius 145 ml/ha Soprano 5 ml/ha Amistar* Xtra 4 ml/ha Veritas 63 ml/ha The photos aove taken at a Barley Leaf Rust trial at Balliang, Victoria in 211 highlight the excellent level of control that can e achieved y Veritas under significant pressure. Photos taken 29 DAA A. Leaf Rust in Barley Severity on Flag leaf 14 days after application Werriee, Vic. 211 Leaf area infected (%) a B. Leaf Rust in Barley, Werriee, Victoria 211 Yield Yield (t/ha) 3 a 2 1 Untreated Veritas Veritas Opera * Amistar Xtra* control 315 ml 63 ml 5 ml 4 ml Means followed y same letter do not significantly differ P=.1 LSD = 3.8 Untreated control Veritas 315 ml Veritas 63 ml Opera * 5 ml Amistar Xtra* 4 ml Means followed y same letter do not significantly differ P=.384 LSD =.78 cv. Gairdner Figure 12. Veritas offers similar control to other Group 11+3 products at 315 ml/ha ut has increased control and grain yield when used at 63 ml/ha in this trial 9 adama.com

11 FOLIAR FUNGICIDE GUIDE Bumper 625 Bumper 625 is a new highly effective and concentrated propiconazole formulation with use rates 2.5 times lower than the previous Bumper. Bumper 625 is registered on the roadest range of s in Wheat, Barley and Oats (Tales 6 and 7) and is effective on rusts, including Stem Rust, as well as stuleorne s. One of the key strengths of propiconazole is that it provides a high level of control of Yellow Spot in Wheat (Figure 13). In Barley, propiconazole has strengths on s such as Net Blotch, Scald and Powdery Mildew. Orius Orius (teuconazole) is a systemic fungicide with postinfection activity and up to three weeks residual control. One of the major enefits of Orius is that it is registered on a wide range of s in Wheat, Barley and Oats. Orius is registered on prolem s such as Stripe Rust and Stem Rust and also has some activity on Fusarium Head Blight (not registered for this purpose). Orius is one of the most widely used fungicides in low to medium yielding Wheat crops, as it is costeffective and has greater efficacy and longer residual activity on key s such as Stripe Rust when compared with alternatives such as propiconazole. Yellow Leaf Spot Control in Wheat 5 4 Grain yield (t/ha) Untreated Epoxiconazole 288 ml Propiconazole 25 ml Propiconazole 5 ml Teuconazole 145 ml Teuconazole 29 ml Figure 13. Efficacy of propiconazole and teuconazole on Yellow Leaf Spot in Wheat can e seen in the final yield results in the aove trial, Warwick QLD Propiconazole in this trial was Bumper (25 g/l formulation). Rates shown for propiconazole equivalent to 1 ml/ha and 2 ml/ha of Bumper 625 respectively. Rate selection Changing the application rate will alter the efficacy, spectrum and residual control (Tales 6 and 7). If several applications are planned, growers may choose to apply split applications of the lower rate. However, in doing so, the spectrum of s controlled will e narrower. If higher rates are to e used, growers must ensure they do not exceed the maximum numer of sprays permitted for the product for the season i.e. Orius and Veritas. This is to ensure that there are not excessive residues in the grain or hay, as well as ensuring that fungicide resistance management is considered. Resistance management In situations where multiple applications of foliar fungicides are required in addition to seed dressing and/ or infurrow application, rotation with another mode of action group is recommended. Soprano, Orius, Bumper 625, Phoenix and Juilee are all Group 3 (DMI) fungicides. By rotating to a product containing an alternate mode of action such as or Veritas (Tales 6 and 7), this will help to reduce the selection pressure on the Group 3 fungicides. CropLife recommends that no more than 3 DMI treatments or formulations including a DMI treatment should e used in any one growing season. For fungicide resistance management and Veritas are oth a Group 3 and a Group 11 fungicide ut CropLife recommend that group 3+11 mixtures like should e treated like a group 11 only fungicide for resistance management purposes. CropLife also suggest that no more than two group 11 or group 3+11 fungicides e used on any one crop. adama.com 1

12 FOLIAR FUNGICIDE GUIDE Details Tale 5. Seed dressing and infurrow fungicides for Wheat, Barley and Oats Registered application rate Pathogen Withholding period 1 Product Active ingredients Product type Bunt/ Loose smut Flag smut Stripe Rust Leaf Rust Wheat Barley Oats Septoria Tritici Takeall Covered/ Loose Smut Scald Powdery Mildew Foliar s (SFNB, NFNB, Scald and Leaf Rust) Covered/ Loose Smut Wheat, Barley and Oats Pythium Root Rot Rhizoctonia Root Rot (are patch) Harvest Grazing Equivalent trade name Phoenix C triadimenol 15 g/l + cypermethrin 4 g/l Seed dressing 115 ml^/ 1 kg seed 115 ml^/ 1 kg seed 1 ml/ 1 kg seed 5 w Baytan T * Jockey * fluquinconazole 167 g/l Seed dressing 3 ml or 45 ml/ 1 kg seed 45 ml/ 1 kg seed 3 ml/ 1 kg seed NR 6 w Hay 12 w Milk Maxiflo * Juilee Loaded flutriafol 5 g/l Infurrow on fertiliser 1 ml/ha or 2 ml/ha 2 ml 1 or 2 ml/ha NR 4 w Impact Endure * Evergol * Prime penflufen 24 g/l Seed dressing 48 ml/ 1 kg seed 48 ml/ 1 kg seed 48 ml/ 1 kg seed NR 5 w difenoconazole 66.2 g/l + Virance * metalaxylm 16.5 g/l + sedaxane 13.8 g/l Systiva* fluxapyroxad 333 g/l Tale 6. Wheat fungicide guide Product Active ingredients Seed dressing Seed dressing 18 ml/ 1 kg seed 15 ml/ 1 kg seed Stripe Rust Stem Rust Leaf Rust 18 ml/ 1 kg seed Loose Smut only 18 ml/ 1 kg seed 15 ml/1 kg seed # Registered application rate per hectare Pathogen Powdery Mildew Septoria Tritici Septoria Nodorum 18 ml/ 1 kg seed 36 ml/ 1 kg seed Suppression NR 6 w 15 ml/ 1 kg seed # NR 4 w ^ Maximum use rate in QLD for Phoenix C is 1 ml/1 kg seed. w weeks NR Not required when used as directed # Suppression of Rhizoctonia in Wheat and Barley only Withholding period Residual control Rainfast interval Aerial registration Yellow Spot Harvest Grazing Equivalent trade name Orius 43 SC teuconazole 43 g/l 145 ml or 29 ml 29 ml 145 ml or 29 ml Up to 4 weeks 2 hours 35 days 14 days Folicur * Bumper 625 propiconazole 625 g/l 1 ml or 2 ml 2 ml 6 ml to 2 ml 1 ml or 2 ml 6 ml to 2 ml 1 ml to 2 ml Approx. 34 weeks 1 hour 28 days 7 days Tilt * Prosaro * prothioconazole 21 g/l + teuconazole 21 g/l 15 ml to 3 ml 15 ml to 3 ml At least 3 weeks Not stated 35 days 14 days Soprano 125 SC Amistar * Xtra epoxiconazole 125 g/l azoxystroin 2 g/l + cyproconazole 8 g/l 25 ml to 5 ml 4 ml to 8 ml 5 ml 25 ml 5 ml Up to 6 weeks 2 hours 42 days 42 days Opus * ml to 8 ml 4 ml to 8 ml Yes Up to 6 weeks When spray is dry 42 days 21 days Opera * pyraclostroin 85 g/l+ epoxiconazole 62.5 g/l 5 ml 5 ml to 1 ml 5 ml 5 ml At least 4 weeks Not stated NR 21 days Veritas teuconazole 2 g/l + azoxystroin 12 g/l epoxiconazole 75 g/l + azoxystroin 75 g/l 315 ml to 63 ml # Up to 6 weeks 2 hours 42 days 21 days 42 ml to 84 ml Up to 6 weeks 2 hours 42 days 42 days Epidemiology Pathogen Primary survival etween crops V V V S, V S, V S, V, Sd S, V Growth stage when infected (Zadoks) Optimal spore germination range 115 C 18 C 1525 C 1525 C 1625 C 225 C 1923 C Optimal development range 1215 C 183 C 12 C 1522 C 1522 C 225 C 21 C Latent period optimal conditions 114 days 71 days 71 days 71 days 1428 days 1216 days 67 days Potential yield loss susceptile variety >8% Up to 1% 4% 1% 5% 5% 5% V volunteers S stule Sd seedorne *Prosaro is registered for Fusarium Head Blight 11 adama.com adama.com 12

13 FOLIAR FUNGICIDE GUIDE Details Tale 7. Barley and Oats fungicide guide Product Active ingredients Powdery Mildew Scald Registered application rate per hectare Pathogen Barley Spot Form Net Blotch Oats Net Form Net Blotch Leaf Rust Stem Rust Leaf/ Crown Rust Residual control Rainfast interval Aerial registration Withholding period Septoria Harvest Grazing Equivalent trade name Orius 43 SC teuconazole 43 g/l 145 ml or 29 ml 145 ml 145 ml or 29 ml Up to 4 weeks 2 hours 35 days 14 days Folicur * Bumper 625 propiconazole 625 g/l 6 ml to 2 ml 2 ml 2 ml 2 ml 1 ml to 2 ml Approx. 34 weeks 1 hour 28 days 7 days Tilt * Prosaro * prothioconazole 21 g/l + teuconazole 21 g/l 15 ml to 3 ml 3 ml 15 ml to 3 ml At least 3 weeks Not stated 35 days 14 days Soprano 125 SC Amistar * Xtra epoxiconazole 125 g/l 25 ml 25 ml to 5 ml Up to 6 weeks 2 hours 42 days 42 days Opus * 125 azoxystroin 2 g/l + cyproconazole 8 g/l 4 ml to 8 ml 2 ml to 8 ml Up to 6 weeks When spray is dry 42 days 21 days Yes Opera * pyraclostroin 85 g/l+ epoxiconazole 62.5 g/l 5 ml to 1 ml 5 ml 5 ml to 1 ml 5 ml 5 ml At least 4 weeks Not stated NR 21 days Veritas teuconazole 2 g/l + azoxystroin 12 g/l 315 ml to 63 ml 315 ml 315 ml to 63 ml # Up to 6 weeks 2 hours 42 days 21 days epoxiconazole 75 g/l + azoxystroin 75 g/l 42 ml to 84 ml Up to 6 weeks 2 hours 42 days 42 days Epidemiology Pathogen Primary survival etween crops S, V S, V S, V S,V V V V S, V Growth stage when infected (Zadocks Scale) Optimal spore germination range 152 C 1525 C 125 C 125 C 2 C 153 C 1525 C 1625 C ^ Suppression Only #Veritas registered for suppression only of Net Form Net Blotch and Spot Form Net Blotch. Optimal development range 1522 C 1525 C 1525 C 1525 C 25 C 2 C 225 C 228 C Latent period optimal conditions 47 days 142 C days 71 days 71 days 2128 days Potential yield loss susceptile variety V volunteers S stule Sd seedorne PLEASE NOTE: This information is not intended to replace the product laels. Always read the complete product lael appearing on the container efore opening or using products. Product laels are also availale on Up to 25% 45% >3% >3% 6% Up to 1% 4% Up to 5% Acknowledgements: 1. Murray, G.M., and Brennan, J.P. (29). Estimating losses to the Australian Wheat industry. Australasian Plant Pathology 38: Rees, R.G., and Platz, G.J. (1979). The occurrence and control of Yellow Spot of Wheat in northeastern Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husandry, 19: Jayasena, K., Thomas, G., Loughman, R., Tanaka, K., MacLeod, B. (29) Interaction etween Wheat varieties and fungicides to control Stripe Rust for grain yield and quality. 29 Agriusiness Crop Updates. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia and the Grains Research and Development Corporation. 4. Wallwork, H., and Zwer, P. (211). Cereal Variety Disease Guide 211. SARDI Factsheet, FS 7/86/11, 5. Queensland Government, Primary Industries and Fisheries 6. Poole, N. (25). Cereal Growth Stages Guide. Grains Research and Development Corporation. 7. Poole, N. (24). The use of foliar fungicides for management in Cereals. In Cereal Foliar Disease Workshop for Advisers. Grains Research and Development Corporation. 8. Poole, N. (29). Disease Management and Crop Canopies What are the interactions? Grains Research and Development Corporation. 9. Colson, E.S., Platz, G.J., Usher, T.R. (23). Fungicidal control of Pyrenophora triticirepentis in Wheat. Australasian Plant Pathology, 32: Other Sources Victorian Department of Primary Industries New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Grains Research and Development Corporation Australian Cereal Rust control program 13 adama.com adama.com 14

14 adama.com Veritas and are availale through Adama Innovation Centre retailers. Visit adama.com for further details. Registered trademarks of an Adama Agricultural Solutions Ltd Company. * Registered Trademarks Please note: This information is not intended to replace the product laels. Always read the complete product lael appearing on the container efore opening or using products. Product laels also availale on adama.com Scan here for the latest information and resources for Scan here for the latest information and resources for Veritas 1 For Technical Assistance: adama.com For more information visit adama.com For Customer Enquiries: 18 4 ADAMA 7685