Fungicide Performance Results (2015)

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Norman Parks
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1 Fungicide Performance Results (215)

2 Note: These slides contain curves up to 1% label dose. Therefore, curves are different to those which are shown at the AHDB Cereals & Oilseeds Agronomists Conference (8 December 215), which showed results up to 2% label dose, but the data used to produce the curves is the same. Wheat: Start Slide = 3 Barley: Start Slide = 29 Oilseed rape: Start Slide 44

3 Using fungicides effectively in wheat Results of AHDB Fungicide Performance 215

4 Product choice, timings and frequency depend on: The likely impact of the disease on: Yield Quality Varietal resistance and other agronomic effects Product efficacy Maximising the effective life of active ingredients Sustainable product use Early detection and/or prediction

5 Wheat the main causes of yield loss

6 UK Wheat response to disease control (22 215) Data extracted from the AHDB Recommended List trials

7 Wheat trials: summary 215 Target Disease Site (Variety) Organisation Disease data Septoria tritici Fife, Scotland SRUC Septoria tritici (T1 and T2 trials) (Consort) Septoria tritici Sutton Scotney, NIAB Septoria tritici (T1 and T2 trials) Hants (KWS Cashel) Septoria tritici Rosemaund, ADAS Septoria tritici (Leaf 2, timing trial) Hereford (Consort) Septoria tritici Carlow, Ireland TEAGASC Septoria tritici (Leaf 2 trial) (KWS Lumos) Yellow rust (T1 trial) Kings Lynn, Norfolk (Oakley) ADAS Yellow rust Brown rust (T2 trial, inoculated) Cambridge (Crusoe) NIAB Brown rust 7

8 Wheat septoria: trial treatments Product Active(s) Full Dose S Scotney Rosemaund (l/ha) and Fife Carlow* Untreated Ignite / Opus Max* epoxiconazole Proline 275 / 25* prothioconazole.72 /.8* + + Bravo chlorothalonil 1. l/ha (half dose) only Imtrex fluxapyroxad Vertisan penthiopyrad Aviator 235 / 225* bixafen + Xpro prothioconazole Adexar epoxiconazole + fluxapyroxad Librax Fluxapyroxad + metconazole Vertisan + penthiopyrad + Ignite epoxiconazole

9 Septoria tritici (215) The main cause of yield loss in wheat Still not fully controlled on farm in 215 Defra: Cereal Disease Survey 215

10 Septoria 215: Protectant activity (6 trials) % S. tritici Bravo AviatorXpro Adexar Vertisan + Ignite Librax Use Imtrex and Vertisan only in mixture with at least one fungicide with an alternative mode of action and that has efficacy against the target pathogen Proline275 Ignite Imtrex Vertisan

11 Septoria 215: Yield (6 trials) AviatorXpro Adexar Vertisan + Ignite Librax Bravo Proline Ignite Imtrex Vertisan Yield (t/ha) Dose (% full label rate) Use Imtrex and Vertisan only in mixture with at least one fungicide with an alternative mode of action and that has efficacy against the target pathogen 8. Dose (% full label rate)

12 Septoria : Protectant activity S. tritici % Bravo AviatorXpro Adexar Vertisan+Ignite Use Imtrex and Vertisan only in mixture with at least one fungicide with an alternative mode of action and that has efficacy against the target Bravo Proline Ignite Vertisan Imtrex Phoenix Dose (%of full label rate)

13 Septoria : Eradicant activity 3 25 AviatorXpro Adexar Vertisan+Ignite 3 25 Proline Ignite Vertisan Imtrex 2 2 % S. tritici Use Imtrex and Vertisan only in mixture with at least one fungicide with an alternative mode of action and that has efficacy against the target pathogen

14 Changes in protectant activity (epoxiconazole) Solid line = mean response, Dotted lines = highest and lowest responses observed

15 Changes in protectant activity (prothioconazole) Solid line = mean response, Dotted lines = highest and lowest responses observed

16 Changes in eradicant activity (epoxiconazole) Solid line = mean response, Dotted lines = highest and lowest responses observed

17 Changes in eradicant activity (prothioconazole) Solid line = mean response, Dotted lines = highest and lowest responses observed

18 Fungicide sensitivity monitoring Rothamsted populations FRG group

19 The effect of latent period on % control % Control Septoria Now Latent period (days)

20 Preliminary information: Reduced sensitivity to SDHIs found in septoria Isolates detected in Ireland 215 (Teagasc) Some have C-H152R mutation Insensitivity outside the normal range Cross resistance for SDHIs expected Currently at low frequency in Ireland Fitness unknown SDHI stewardship paramount

21 Septoria control: Maximise use of other methods Use different Modes of Actions in programmes Multisites, azoles, (strobilurins) Use varietal differences in disease resistance +

22 Septoria control: Minimise use of SDHIs to slow evolution Septoria leaf 2 (%) Septoria (%) (3.1 treatments) Number of fungicide applications Series3 Leaf 1 Series1 Leaf 2

23 Yellow rust (215) Oakley 27 April 215 Nr Kings Lynn 215 epidemics delayed compared to 214 Most susceptible varieties: KWS Kielder, Solstice, Gallant, Cordiale and Horatio High levels in AHDB fungicide performance trial

24 Yellow rust (215) % Yellow rust 6 Aviator235Xpro Adexar 5 Vertisan + Ignite Keystone Comet Ignite Imtrex Vertisan Use Imtrex and Vertisan only in mixture with at least one fungicide with an alternative mode of action and that has efficacy against the target pathogen

25 Yellow rust (215) Yield 6 5 Aviator235Xpro Adexar Vertisan + Ignite Keystone 6 5 Use Imtrex and Vertisan only in mixture with at least one fungicide with an alternative mode of action and that has efficacy against the target pathogen Yield (t/ha) Comet Ignite 2 Imtrex Vertisan 2

26 Brown rust (215) Epidemics on susceptible varieties at the end of the season in 215 Gator, Grafton and Crusoe particularly susceptible Inoculated fungicide performance trials in 215 provided a good test 216? Above average winter temperatures may trigger early epidemics

27 Brown rust (215) 3 % Brown rust Comet Ignite Imtrex Vertisan Caramba 9 Use Imtrex and Vertisan only in mixture with at least one fungicide with an alternative mode of action and that has efficacy against the target pathogen 5

28 Wheat summary Septoria tritici SDHIs are the most active chemistry Librax at least as effective as other SDHI / azoles (only 1 year in trials) Activity of azoles has declined but they still support SDHIs in curative situations Multi-sites add valuable protectant activity to programmes Both azoles and multisite actives are required to protect SDHIs Rusts Epoxiconazole highly effective in curative situations Strobilurins more active than SDHIs (esp on yellow rust)

29 Using fungicides effectively in barley Results of AHDB Fungicide Performance 215

30 Barley the main causes of yield loss

31 UK Winter barley Yield and benefits of disease control fungicide untreated Average = 1.5 t/ha Yield t/ha Data extracted from the AHDB Recommended List trials

32 Barley: Trials Summary 215 Target Disease Site (Variety) Organisation Disease data Rhynchosporium (Winter Barley) Lanark, Scotland (Saffron) SRUC Rhynchosporium + Mildew Rhynchosporium Cardigan, Wales ADAS Rhynchosporium (Winter Barley) (Saffron) Rhynchosporium Carlow, Ireland TEAGASC Mildew (Winter Barley) (Saffron) Net Blotch High Mowthorpe, N Yorks ADAS No disease (Winter Barley) (Cassata) Net Blotch Morley, Norfolk NIAB Net blotch (Winter Barley) (Cassata) Powdery mildew Midlothian, Scotland SRUC Rhynchosporium (Winter Barley) (Cassia) Ramularia (Spring Barley) Midlothian, Scotland (Prestige) SRUC Ramularia

33 Barley Trial: Treatments 215 Product Active(s) Full Dose (l/ha) Rhyncho Trials Net Blotch Trials Ramularia Trial Untreated Proline 275/25* prothioconazole.72/ Comet 2 pyraclostrobin Kayak cyprodinil Imtrex fluxapyroxad Zulu isopyrazam Vertisan penthiopyrad Siltra Xpro bixafen + prothioconazole Adexar epoxiconazole + fluxapyroxad Bravo 5 chlorothalonil 2. + Treoris Penthiopyrad + Chlorothalinil * Teagasc trial

34 Rhynchosporium 215 Protectant activity 15 Siltra Xpro Adexar 15 Use Zulu, Imtrex and Vertisan only in mixture with at least one fungicide with an alternative mode of action and that has efficacy against the target pathogen % Rhynchosporium Proline Comet Imtrex Zulu Vertisan

35 % Rhynchosporium Rhynchosporium Protectant activity Siltra Xpro Vertisan + Proline Adexar Use Zulu, Imtrex and Vertisan only in mixture with at least one fungicide with an alternative mode of action and that has efficacy against the target pathogen Proline Comet Imtrex Zulu Vertisan 2 2

36 Rhynchosporium Eradicant activity Use Zulu and Imtrex only in mixture with at least one fungicide with an alternative mode of action and that has efficacy against the target pathogen % Rhynchosporium Siltra Xpro Vertisan + Proline Adexar Proline Imtrex Zulu

37 Net blotch Protectant activity % Net Blotch Siltra Xpro Vertisan + Proline Use Zulu, Vertisan and Imtrex only in mixture with at least one fungicide with an alternative mode of action and that has efficacy against the target pathogen Proline Comet Imtrex Zulu Vertisan 1 1

38 Net blotch Eradicant activity Use Zulu, Vertisan and Imtrex only in mixture with at least one fungicide with an alternative mode of action and that has efficacy against the target pathogen % Net Blotch Siltra Xpro Vertisan + Proline Proline Comet Imtrex Zulu Vertisan

39 6 5 Ramularia Use Zulu and Imtrex only in mixture with at least one fungicide with an alternative mode of action and that has efficacy against the target pathogen % Ramularia Siltra Xpro Bontima Adexar Proline Imtrex Zulu Ignite Bravo 1 1

40 Powdery mildew Use Zulu, Vertisan and Imtrex only in mixture with at least one fungicide with an alternative mode of action and that has efficacy against the target pathogen % P. Mildew 6 4 Siltra Xpro Adexar 6 4 Proline Imtrex Zulu Vertisan 2 2

41 Powdery mildew Mildewicides + Proline 6 % Mildew Flexity Cyflamid Torch Talius Proline 2 1 Dose (% of full label dose)

42 Barley summary Siltra Xpro good broad spectrum activity Adexar/Imtrex or Vertisan + Proline similar on rhyncho and net blotch Proline consistent efficacy (as seen previously) SDHIs showed good net blotch activity Ramularia was controlled by the SDHIs, Proline or Bravo Avoid over-reliance on SDHI + azole other mixtures are available

43 Using fungicides effectively in Oilseed rape Results of AHDB Fungicide Performance 215

44 Causes of yield loss in oilseed rape

45 UK oilseed rape yields and benefits of disease control fungicide untreated Average =.58t/ha Yield t/ha Data extracted from the AHDB Recommended List trials

Phoma: canker index and yield (average across 8 sites 211 14) 35 Untreated Half rate Full

46 Phoma: canker index and yield (average across 8 sites ) 35 Untreated Half rate Full rate Untreated yield Half rate yield Full rate yield 4.1 Canker index ( 1) Yield (t/ha) Untreated Orius 2EW* Proline Prosaro Sunorg Pro Average LSD between products/rates 6.3 (canker),.2 t/ha (yield) 3.5 *Orius 2EW based on two years of data only

47 Phoma: canker index 215 (curative situation) Canker index ( 1) Proline Orius 2EW Refinzar Cirkon Pictor

48 Light leaf spot severity (% leaf area affected) Light leaf spot: severity and yield (5 sites ) Proline Orius P Orius 2EW Refinzar Pictor Yield (t/ha) Note: label restrictions for Refinzar and Pictor Proline Orius P Orius 2EW Refinzar Pictor

49 Sclerotinia Index (-1) Sclerotinia: disease and yield (Kent and Herefordshire 26 8) Filan Folicur Compass Pictor Priori Xtra Proline Amistar Seed yield (t/ha) Filan 3.25 Folicur Compass 3. Pictor Priori Xtra 2.75 Proline Amistar 2.5

50 Sclerotinia: disease and yield 215 (one site) 2 15 Proline Amistar Filan Pictor Proline Amistar Filan Pictor Sclerotinia Index 1 Yield (t/ha) Sclerotinia incidence = 19%

51 OSR summary Phoma control can generally be achieved using half rates in a two spray programme Treatment timing is key for good light leaf spot control monitor on field-by-field basis Spray timing critical for sclerotinia control benefits from using higher doses Non-azole options available for phoma and light leaf spot control note restrictions More information available on AHDB website

52 Developments for 216 Year 1 of 3 for a new project (part-funded by AHDB) Combines agronomy, variety and chemistry to maintain control of septoria tritici in wheat Variety Sowing date Seed rate Fungicide programmes

53 Thank you Acknowledgements

Fungicide performance in wheat 2014

Fungicide performance in wheat 2014 12 December 2014 Note: These slides contain curves up to 100% label dose. Therefore, curves appear different to slides presented on the screen at the 2014 HGCA Agronomists