Workshop Challenges for the UNIMED Subnetwork on Food and Water: Priorities in Euro-Mediterranean research

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2 Workshop Challenges for the UNIMED Subnetwork on Food and Water: Priorities in Euro-Mediterranean research Water management and food security issues : in Morocco Mohammed Bouslikhane bouslikhanemed@yahoo.fr Tuesday 31 st October 2017

3 Morocco in a few words Population 33 millions Area 710,850 sq.km Arid area 93% of territory Rainfall 80% with less than 250 mm/year Dry season 4 to 6 months/year Mountains 26% of the territory Water resources 22 billions m 3 Agricultural arable land 8,7 millions Ha (12%) Irrigated area 1,5 millions Ha (16% arable) Forest land 9 million Ha (13%) of which 3,5 alfa Rangeland 53 millions Ha (74%)

4 Climatic conditions Annual rainfall 800 mm in the northern region 400 to 600 mm in the center 200 to 400 mm in the Oriental and Souss 50 and 200 mm in the South Atlas areas <50 mm in desert areas

5 Water ressources potentiel Balance in billions of m3 Rainfall : 140 Water ressources Mobilized Mobilisable Surface waters 9 18,2 Underground waters 4,3 3,8 Total 13,3 22

6 Water policy in Morocco: the facts Morocco is characterized by climatic variability and the dominance of aridity. Drought conditions and water deficit are structural facts. Drought and water deficit have direct impact in agriculture and food security with subsequent economic and social consequences. Increasing water demand and climate change would suggest rational and appropriate management approaches of water resources.

7 Water policy in Morocco: the national plans National plan of dams Water development plans Irrigation water economy plans Agricultural development plans (eg. Plan Maroc Vert)

8 Water policy in Morocco: major achievements 140 large dams with a capacity of 17.6 billion cubic meters 12 large dams in progress with a capacity of 2.6 billion cubic meters 13 water transfer systems Wells and boreholes for underground water use. Seawater desalination stations (10 Mm³ / year) Supply of potable water: urban (94% ), rural (92%)

9 Plan Maroc Vert: Water management and food security of central concern Pillar 1: Intensive and commercial agriculture 1. Organization of agricultural sectors into channels of production (since 2008). Pillar 2: Social agriculture 2. Agricultural research and development strategy (2013)

10 IAV Hassan II: water in education curricula 7 departements 14 laboratories Agriculture plant production engineering animal production engineering agricultural economics and management biotechnologies on plant and animal genetic improvement natural resources and environment human sciences applied Statistics and Informatics Water engineering water, environment and infrastructures agricultural hydraulics management of water resources and environment urban hydraulics infrastructures Horticulture Master on : Water and sustainable horticulture (AGROCAMPUS OUEST and IAV)

11 IAV Hassan II: Center of post graduate studies : Doctorat ès-sciences Agronomiques (235 graduates) : Accredited Center of post graduate studies under the law (4 research domains, 22 research units ) Economic & social sciences 23,1 16,2 23,5 37,2 Agronomy & sciences Engineering Sciences Veterinary Sciences 7 promotions ( ) 271 PhD students 52 graduted up to October 2017

12 IAV Hassan II: research programs 2 RU for water and water management (14%) UR 16: Water resources management: water, irrigation and infrastructure 22 Research Units UR 22: Conservatory management of waters and soil 16 RU directly or indirectly associated to food security and food safety (72%) 4 RU for other topics (14%)

13 Water and food in international cooperation: (over 60% of programs) 210 MOU ( ) -USA : Universités Minnesota, Arizona - France : ENV Nantes, Agrocampus Ouest, VetAgro Sup, IRD, CIRAD. - Italie : Universités de Sassari, Tuscia, Poletecnico di Milano - Belgique : Universités de Liège, Ghent, Namur, - Espagne : Universités de Jaén, Lledia, Politechnique de Valence Russie :Université Agraire d Etat de Saratov Hongrie: Faculty of Veterinary Science -Canada : Universités de Montréal, Laval-Québec, McGill Japon :University of TSUKUBA -Chine :Yunnan Agricultural U 28 -Australie : Ocean Nourishment Foundation Algérie : INRA Tunisie: INRA, INSAT Arabie Saoudite : M. agriculture -Guinée: Centre de Promotion Horticole CPH de Dalaba - Sénégal: Ecole Polytechnique de Thiés - Burkina-Faso: Ecole de Formation et de perfectionnement des Travaux Publics 2 Examples of France CIRAD IAMM Université de Perpignan Ecole supérieure d'agriculture Toulouse Université Montpellier2 INRA Sup agro

14 IAV projects in relation with water and water management ( ) Main topics Irrigation and water management Groundwater management Application of GIS in the management of irrigated perimeters Recycling of wastewater Water use and climate change Agricultural hydro facilities Rain harvesting water Parasitology of wastewater Water quality 7 Org ( FAO, BADEA, GIZ, AUF) Formation Recherche Prestation Global 6 4 Purposes Ministère MA Divers Inst Afrique Bilat UE H Funding sources

15 Plan Maroc vert: few indicators and results (2016) GDP of agricultural branch Contribution to employment (global) Contribution to employment (rural)

16 Plan Maroc vert: few indicators and results (2016) Land use Evolution of irrigated surfaces (using drip) Agricultural and food exports For more details, visit

17 Concluding points Problems associated to water and food in Morocco are not different from those prevailing in other Mediterranean countries. Great efforts should be done in terms of regional collaboration and cooperation. Morocco is providing a sustainable improvement model of water economy in relation with its agricultural development ambitions. To implement innovative techniques, it is necessary to focus on education, research and also extension programs to be addressed to farmers (capacity building). As direct consequences of the agricultural development, Morocco is expecting to face, in the near future, productions surplus in fruits and vegetables and agricultural byproducts management. Thus, new fields of research and development are promising for regional cooperation (food processing, agricultural waste management, ).

18 Thanks for your attention