LAWN TO BE WILD: Meeting pest management challenges in residential turf. Michael Brownbridge & Pam Charbonneau Landscape Ontario IPM Symposium 2014

Transcription

1 LAWN TO BE WILD: Meeting pest management challenges in residential turf Michael Brownbridge & Pam Charbonneau Landscape Ontario IPM Symposium 2014

2 Targets

3 Management tools: Chinch bugs Microbial biopesticides Reduced-risk products Soaps, essential oils

4 Management tools: European chafer Microbial biopesticides Nematodes Application protocols New types of turfgrass Integration

5 Hairy chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus hirtus

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7 Test Products Product Active Status Grandevo (Marrone Bio Innovations) Met52 EC (Novozymes) Millenium (Becker Underwood) Chromobacterium subtsugae Metarhizium anisopliae Steinernema carpocapsae Pre-registration Registered Registered

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9 2m x 2m 0.5m buffer

10 Pre-treatment sampling Spray 7d intervals time 0, 7, 14d; 200mL/m 2 ) Treatment evaluation: 48h, 7, 14, 21d

11 Chinch bug population change Results: Grandevo h post 1 wk post 2 wks post 3 wks post a 1 ab ab b Control Grandevo low Grandevo high S. carpocapsae

12 Results: Grandevo low rate

13 Results: Grandevo high rate

14 Results: S. carpocapsae

15 Results: Met52 EC

16 Summary Measurable effect on chinch bugs from: o Grandevo o Met52 EC Effect not lasting no significant effects after 7d o Area-wide application may have a greater impact o For trial evaluation assess efficacy within 72h of treatment Biopesticides tested clearly not a silver bullet Overseeding or renovating with tall fescue or endophytic perennial ryegrass may help control chinch bug outbreaks

17 European chafer, Rhizotrogus majalis June beetle European Japanese chafer beetle

18 European chafer When white grubs are an issue, we know that turf that was damaged last year has, on average, about an 80% chance to suffer grub damage again Turf Magazine - March, 2012

19 Grub population relative to time 0 (=1) 2011, 2012 Results Nematodes (Hb or Sg) will provide 50-60% control (at best) Timing of application critical to efficacy August in Ontario Environmental factors can compromise efficacy wks 8 wks control Hb 1: Hb 2: Sg: Met52 Hb 1 + Met52 Sg + Met52

20 Test products and protocols: 2013 Nematodes Application strategy H. bacteriophora (Hb) One spray H. bacteriophora Two sprays 14d apart S. glaseri (Sg) One spray S. glaseri Two sprays 14d apart H. bacteriophora + S. glaseri Two sprays 14d apart: Hb followed by Sg

21 Pre-treatment sampling Aug Spray 1: Aug 27 Spray 2: Sept 9 Treatment evaluation: 4 and 8 weeks after first spray

22 Chafer grub population Results

23 Results: 4 weeks

24 Results: 8 weeks

25 Summary Most effective treatments: o Two applications of H. bacteriophora, S. glaseri o Overall, reduced grub numbers by approx. 50% o Consistent with previous trials Treat in August target young larvae in thatch layer Nematodes a useful tool but not a silver bullet Grubs do well in Kentucky bluegrass, older lawns with thick thatch layer Consider alternative grasses for overseeding or renovating

26 Turfgrass

27 Turfgrass Grasses tested Rhizomatous tall fescue Regenerating perennial ryegrass Natural knit perennial rye Natural knit tall fescue Kentucky bluegrass Benefits Faster establishment Denser establishment, less space for weeds Deep extensive root system, reduced inputs o Water, fertilizer Insect tolerance

28 Results: Effects of turfgrass on chafer growth

29 Results: Chafer feeding preference Home lawn mix (predominantly Kentucky blue) preferred over ryes and fescues Grubs fed on ryegrass roots when HLM roots consumed Overall, best performance seen in fescues Stoloniferous Tall Fescues HLM RPR

30 Results: Germination and growth RTF RPR HLM NKTF NKPR

31 Results: Disease tolerance? KB NKPR RTF

32 Field trials Treatments: Rhizomatous tall fescue Regenerative perennial ryegrass Natural Knit tall fescue Natural Knit perennial ryegrass

33 Results: Grub density 80 a Mean no. grubs per 0.3m b b b b 0 RTF RPR NKTF NKPR Control

34 Take-away messages for 2013 No silver bullet for chinch bug Nematodes 50% control of chafer Endophytic turfgrasses o Can impact chafer, chinch and billbug o Effects if 35-40% of grasses carry the endophyte (US) o Performance in Canada? Still need new management tools

35 BioCeres Beauveria bassiana Wettable powder Wettable briquette

36 Chitosan Natural form derived from shrimp and crab shells Insoluble powder Seed treatment vs. disease Winemaking (fines) Various health-care applications Synthetic chitosan derivatives Soluble Insecticidal activity

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38 Seed coatings Delivery of rhizocompetent microbes Insecticidal, e.g. Metarhizium Fungicidal, e.g. Bacillus subtilis Growth stimulation, e.g. mycorhizzae Establishment May be applied to all grasses

39 Thanks to: Pam Charbonneau Richard Reed Taro Saito Paul Côté Nick Popple Emily Hartwig Michael Brownbridge