Experience in the internationalisation of the research on animal sciences. Mariana Petkova Komotini,

Transcription

1 Experience in the internationalisation of the research on animal sciences Mariana Petkova Komotini,

2 TALK SUMMARY Part 1. BG Animal Husbandry Dairy sector Meat sector Part 2. IAS Kostinbrod, BG Part 3. International Activities Part 4. Conclusions

3

4 SOME FACTS FOR BULGARIA Total land area: km², 0,3 % water area Inhabitants: Population density: 64,46 innb./km² Ethnic groups 84% Bulgarians, 9% Turkish, 5% Roma, Language: Bulgarian Climate: 4 seasons 2% others and unspecified

5 WHAT WE ARE PROUD OF Bulgaria is the first Slavic nation to adopt Christianity. Bulgaria was once one of the 3 biggest empires in Europe among the Frankish, and the Byzantine. Bulgaria preserved its ethnic identity, religion, and culture after 200 years Byzantine and 500 years of Turkish yokes! Bulgaria, in its modern history never lost a battle and never lost a flag, captured by its enemies' armies. During the Second World War Bulgaria saved the lives of its whole Jewish population (50,000 Jews)! Bulgarian scientist John Atanasoff invented the first electronic computer.

6 BG ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

7 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN BULGARIA Traditionally a leading sector in the country economy due to tradition and favorable conditions. In spite of that deep depression in the sector in the last 24 years. 3 periods in the development of animal husbandry in the last 24 years:

8 BG ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PERIODS: During the first period ( ) - pigs and sheep number decrease - similar trend was observed in cattle and buffaloes - only the number of goats increase by 60% Till the BG accession into European Union ( ) - number of all animal species and categories is continue to falldown - only percentage of goats increase In the period post accession (2007-up to now) - the number of dairy cows fall down by 5.4% and ewes about 18.0% - high is the downgrade in goat percentage - slightly increased the numberof buffaloes

9 LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY NUMBER (THOUSAND HEADS) Species and categories of animals Years Amendment , % Cattle - all including dairy cows Buffalo - all including buffalo dams Sheep - all including ewes Goats - all including female goats Pigs - all including sows Poultry - all including laying hens Source: Agri statistics 2013

10 ANIMAL UNITS (AU) PER AREA OF 100 HA AND PER 1000 CAPITA TO 2007 (DARDZHONOV, TR. 2010) AU per 100 ha AU per 1000 capita Middle Maximum Minimum Middle Maximum Minimum ЕU (NL) 50(FN) (IR) 169(IT) ЕU (NL) 32(BG) (IR) 120(BG) Important: Bulgarian husbandry is the least developed among EU-27. In EU-27 average value of AU per 100 ha land is 82 units, and per 1000 capita is bred 267 animals. In Bulgaria, these indexes are significantly lower - 32 and 120 units respectively.

11 Subsectors of animal husbandry current data Production of milk: 10,6% ( 806,5 million BGN); Poultry-raising: 8,3% (635,5 million BGN), including poultry: 4,9% (375,3 million BGN) and production of eggs: 3,4% ( 260,2 million BGN); Swine-breeding: 3,8% (288,1 million BGN).

12 Total milk production, thousand tons total cow buffalo sheep goat

13 BG cows breeds Black White Breed 74,2% (5421 kg; 3,75% FM) BG Braw 10,4 % (4855 kg; 3,84% FM) BG Rodopi breed 3,6% (4183 kg; 4,54% FM) Red Breed 5611 kg; 3,85% FM Simental 4317 kg; 3,87% FM Mondbeliard 6280 kg; 3,80% FM Aiyrshir kg; 3,98% FM

14 MILK PRODUCTION In 2013 in the country were produced a total of 1,267,602 thousand litres of milk, 5.2% more than the previous year. There was an increase to the production of all types of milk, the most significant is it in sheep and buffalo milk - with 8%. Cow's milk production increased by 5.1% and that of goat's milk - by 2%. The largest share in total milk yield remains cow milk with 88%, followed by sheep - 7.2%, the goat - 4.2% and buffalo milk 0.7%.

15 AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY OF DAIRY COWS IN EU COUNTRIES (KG / HEAD) EU ЕU ЕU ЕU Bulgaria the average productivity of dairy cows in Bulgaria is considerably lower than other EU-27 states, including those of former socialist states /Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and so on/ the average productivity of dairy cows in 2013 is 6445 liters, while in Bulgaria 3600L respectively.

16 TOTAL MEAT PRODUCTION, THOUSAND TONS total cattle small ruminants pork poultry

17 Total meat production in 2000 decreased by 75.1% compared to Yield of pork meat fell down by 84.2%. Downward trend in meat production continues and after In meat from pigs and small ruminants this reduction is more than 2-3 times. After Bulgarian accession into EU meat production continues to decline with the exception of chicken, where there is an increase of 11.8%. So on Bulgaria from exporting meat and meat products country since 1990 has become an importer. So often import meat is not with good quality and has a dubious origin. In 2013, total meat production in the country decreased by 6.9% compared with the previous year and was 203 thousand tons, including105 thousand tons red meat and 98,thousand tons - white meat (poultry).

18 WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF THIS STATE OF BULGARIAN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY? A LAND REFORM WHICH WAS HELD IN BULGARIA SINCE 1990 WAS WRONG; MANY OF BULGARIAN FARMERS HAVE NO LAND FOR OWN FEED PRODUCTION AND CAN NOT RECEIVES EU SUBSIDIES; BREAKING OFF PRODUCTION FROM THE PROCESSING INDUSTRY; Violated export markets; Low-grade quality products; Reduced purchasing power of a Bulgarian citizen; Low productivity and competitiveness of animal husbandry; Insufficient financial support to the animal husbandry by the government.

19 90% of the land till 1989 was cooperated and management by agroindustrial complexes; In 1990 was passed a law to return lands in real borders to the former owners by created liquidation councils which destroyed the structures of the agro-industrial complexes. As a result of this act Bulgarian agriculture was parcelled out and according to the information of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in 2005 the country has over 7.6 million private agricultural properties. About 73.3 percent of the land size is one hectare and only 0.1% is larger than 1000 ha. To prevent further fragmentation of Bulgarian agricultural land in 1999 was removed restriction according to which a farmer can manage more than 600 ha land. This unleashed development of a large-scale rent a land. The trouble in Bulgarian agriculture is that 78% of farmers have over 100 ha land and most of them unwilling to breeding livestock and gardening. They mostly breed grains and oilseeds.

20 DISTRIBUTION OF AU BY GROUPS OF RURAL ECONOMY (DARDZHONOV, TR. 2010): Groups at 2007 ths. ha UA AU % ths. pcs. % AU/100 ha Small Large Total The data in the table above shows that about 87.5% of the animals are bred by small farmers, who operate only 18% of UA. Per 100 ha UA they breed 128 animal units, while large farmers - only 6 animals. Moreover, many of land owners refused to cultivate it (by various reasons). As a result 15.0 thousand ha of the land is deserted, which represents about 30% of the UA, although Bulgaria has a wonderful ground and climatic conditions for agriculture and livestock farming.

21 DISTRIBUTION OF DAIRY COWS ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF BREEDING ANIMALS INSIDE FARMS Number of animals in farm Farms, thousand Amendment, % 2013/2012 Number of cow, thousand Amendment, % 2013/ > Total

22 STRUCTURE OF FARMS Bulgarian accesion into EU started consolidation of farms; 2013 near 24.5 percent of cows are bred on farms with 50 heads; There is a sustainable tendency to enlarge bigger farms. There is a positive trend to increase number of cows in farm over 100 heads. The farms with capacity 3-9 and cows market a 11.4 and 6.5% decrease respectively.

23 MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS EXPORT, TONS total export of milk products cheese and curds milk and cream butter and fats

24 Consumption of animal products /average per capita / Milk consumption (kg/ head): BG - < 200 ; Europa - > Milk, (kg) Meat, (kg) In the period the milk consumption in Bulgaria per capita has decreased approximately trice; At the same time meat consumption decreased about 55%; Since 2000 is seen a trend of increasing milk and meat consumption; Lower levels of animal products consumption reflected negatively on the animal husbandry development.

25 The small farm size in animal husbandry has led to serious breach of the technology of animal breeding; Simultaneously feeding of different species and categories farm animals was worsen and veterinary service and selection activities break down; The quality of livestock performance was worsen as a consequence of poor conditions under which animal products be produced and stored; About 45.0 percent of the milk has a low qualitative and quantitative indices and does not meet European standards; Bulgarian Agency of Food Safety (BAFS) published deadline ( ) all dairy farmers to be adduced under the EU standards. Otherwise they would be closed. This creates big problems for small farmers who may lose their means of livelihood.

26 Bulgarian farmer receives only 25% subsidy compared with old EU member states. It s expected that in 2016 subsidies will be equalized; Bulgaria has utilized with great difficulty 20% of plant-growing subsidies and only 6% in livestock; The subsidies utilization granted by the EU is hampered by the high criteria set by EU about food safety and quality, environment and animal welfare; Many farmers could not cover EU requirements: - Poject drafting is a problem for farmers, which hinders them. - Payment of the projects are carried out after their implementation, which greatly demotivates small farmers. Missing national guarantee fund which to enable the financing of small farmers; Administration is insufficient financial motivated and in many cases instead of helping it cumber farmers.

27 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN BULGARIA CONCLUSION Bulgaria s accession to the EU and the implementation of CAP is contradictory: producers have a free access to the European markets; unequal position with regard to the grants and subsidies, calculated on a comparatively low base; animal husbandry is not capable of putting into practice its natural potential; a purposeful support of the animal husbandmen is necessary, particularly in the mountain and semi-mountain regions.

28 CONCLUSION 2 Animal husbandry in Bulgaria needs an urgent assistance on the part of the Bulgarian state. Bulgarian animal husbandry development within the EU promises to be perspective in the field of sheep breeding, goat breeding, buffaloes breeding, breeding of meat producing cattle and production of high quality animal products through expansion of the organic farming. Bulgaria needs to restore its lost foreign markets especially in Russia, the former USSR countries and the Arab countries, by export of specific Bulgarian animal products. This however cannot happen without the urgent interference of the Bulgarian state.

29 TALK SUMMARY Part 1. BG Animal Husbandry Dairy sector Meat sector Part 2. IAS Kostinbrod, BG Part 3. International Activities Part 4. Conclusions

30 INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL SCIENCE KOSTINBROD IN THE VERY HEART OF THE BALKAN PENINSULAR

31 The Institute...

32 STRUCTURE IAS Kostinbrod is the only specialized institute in Bulgaria in the area of animal science including seven departments with the following fields of research: Animal nutrition and feed technology; Ecology and quality of animal production; Biochemistry and physiology in animals; Reproduction; Cattle breeding; Sheep breeding; Special branches poultry, bees, rabbits, horses; The Institute has programmatic accreditation for training in educational and scientific degree Doctor in 7 disciplines.

33 PRESENTLY THERE ARE 127 staff members at the IAS of which 35 researchers. Our present scientific activities range from fundamental to interdisciplinary and applied studies. The major objective of these activities is to extend general knowledge of basic principles important for production and reproduction of animals and quality of animal products.

34 THE INSTITUTE OFFERS: Sheep dairy breed of Bulgarian Dairy Synthetic Population, meat breed- Ile de France as well as sheep of the local Karakachanska and Zapadnostaroplaninska breeds. Cattle calves of Limousine breed. Horses Trakehner breed. Rabbits White New Zealand and California breeds. Bees queen bees, swarms of local Bulgarian breed and bee products. Poultry eggs, chickens and pullets of common and layer type.

35 THE INSTITUTE participates in the development of national programmes in the area of animal science, in work and expert groups in Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Ministry of Education and Science, the Executive Agency on Selection and Reproduction in Animal Breeding. holds scientific conferences and workshops concerning problems of interest and participates annually in national and regional livestock exhibitions. organizes open days and meetings with farmers. participates in various forms of international cooperation with institutes and centers in 15 countries in Europe, Asia and America.

36 THE INSTITUTE PROVIDES: Evaluation of the quality of animal production (milk, meat, wool, eggs, bee products). GC analysis of the fatty acid composition and determination of the oxidative stability of lipids and proteins during storage of meat and meat products. Chemical and microbiological analysis of feed. Expertise and consultancy in the main research areas. Training courses for farmers.

37 TALK SUMMARY Part 1. BG Animal Husbandry Dairy sector Meat sector Part 2. IAS Kostinbrod, BG Part 3. International Activities Part 4. Conclusions

38 INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES Main directions - International cooperation - Organization/ participation in scientific events - International participation in EU programm - International projects: bilateral; multilateral; Frame Programs; European funds etc. - specializations, fellowships, mobility - International Agricultural Exhibitions

39 INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION - General encouragement to international collaboration in several topics (e.g. animal nutrition and quality of products from animal origin) - Targeted international collaboration with Africa and Asia - Participation in international dialogues with neighbouring countries

40 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION - Institute has a valid agreements for direct bilateral cooperation with similar research organizations 1. Serbia (Belgrade, Novi Sad); Romania; Turkey; Macedonia 2. Lithuania; Russia; Moldova; Slovakia 3. Vietnam (Hanoi, Thai Huen), Indonesia 4. Algeria; USA Enlarge international cooperation

41 INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES Projects 1. Standard classification of the body of pigs in the EU through improved statistical methods and technologies, FP5, EUPIGCLASS, Strengthening the inspection and control system of the meat producing and processing industry in Bulgaria and support to the meat processing industry, PSO_MATRA, with Netherlands, Future Animal Research Activities in the West Balkan Countries, Austrian Scientific Office (ASO) in Sofia, Research Cooperation and Networking between Austria and South Eastern Europe, ASO Sofia, Variation in muscle proteomic concerning the carcass`composition, , with France.

42 INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES 2 Projects 6. Chistochemical and microscopic study on the oxidation of heattreated meat, , with France. 7. Immunochemical determination of changes of proteins in meat and meat products as a result of heat treatment. Application according healthy human nutrition, , with France. 8. Study of the performance F1 crosses of Bulgarian dairy sheep breeds with the Greek dairy breed Chios, , with Greece. 9. Implementation of farm gate nutrient balances in Bulgaria: a management tool towards sustainable agriculture. Department of Soil Management and Soil Care, Ghent University, Belgium, Technology of Animal Feed Safe for Animal, Human and Environment, , with Serbia

43 INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES 3 IAS Kostinbrod, BG is an executor in the project Support for development of post-doc students and young researchers in IAS-Kostinbrod, with the financial support of the European Social Fund, Participation in two projects under Erasmus + Institute was member of the consortium of project `Technology for protecting food integrity in the Danube Region (DanuInteg)`

44 PROJECT `DANUINTEG` - COUNTRIES FROM DANUBE REGION

45 MORE PROJECTS - ATTEMPTS FP7, IEF with UMB Norway `Reducing methane emissions from ruminants through innovations in their nutrition - factor for environmentally sustainable animal production` (REMETH), 2011; Multilateral Transfer of Innovation (TOI) project Rational Livestock Nutrition for Rural (LIVENUTRITION), 2011, 2012, 2013 Regpot-1, `Developing of a centre for sustainable feed and animal production` (SUSTAINFAP), 2011 No success!

46 TALK SUMMARY Part 1. BG Animal Husbandry Dairy sector Meat sector Part 2. IAS Kostinbrod, BG Part 3. International Activities Part 4. Conclusions

47 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS Now is the time each day to be thinking and talking about saving our dairy and meat cattle. However, it still satisfies more than 80% of the BG's needs with milk and provides livelihood to over 100,000 people working in this sector. Researchers from IAS Kostinbrod have to work for evolution of the projects on sustainable food security Young individual researchers have to enlarge participation in Horizon 2020 Common principles for cooperation have to become the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, which are a key EU instrument to attract researchers to Europe from around the world. Mobility grants are competitively awarded to researchers of any nationality, with the aims of enhancing international research collaboration and facilitating the mobility and exchange of researchers.

48 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Institute of Animal Science Kostinbrod Bulgaria