Genetic Engineering Methods
|
|
- Dennis Gilbert
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Genetic Engineering Methods
2 Outline Why do it? Research examples: poplar trees Plant gene transfer concepts and methods Getting genes ready for transfer (recombinant DNA/plasmids) Analysis of transgenic plants
3 Why do it? To create new, desired trait not in accessible gene pool To breed faster, more directly Dominant, rare alleles To amplify genetic diversity for particular genes/traits for breeding To breed with more direction, science basis To use plants as bioproduct factories for industry/medicine To promote biosafety for exotic/unsafe crop (domestication, sterility) In all cases, new traits/diversity feeds into breeding to check yield/stability of whole organism in the field: integrated health test
4 Native gene alteration example: Glutamine synthetase (GS) overexpression stimulates growth of poplars Hyper-expression of GS to stimulate ammonium nitrogen incorporation into proteins 3-year field trial (Spain) Increased nitrogen storage in stem Tree height up 41% Many examples, abiotic stress (F. Cánovas, U. Málaga, Spain)
5 Gene suppression example: Lignin modification improves pulping Energy and chemical costs of pulping great 70 million tons pulp (USA) ~$25 billion lignin removal (USA) Success in changing lignin amount and chemistry CAD - example Pulp yield (%) Pilate et al., INRA-France and UK GE Control Active alkali (%)
6 Exotic gene function example: Gene from bacterium makes trees more effective at bioremediation Thousands of square miles in U.S. mercury contaminated Neurotoxin, biomagnified mera transgenic cottonwood tolerates ~400 ppm mercury Volatilizing gene Wood-sequestering genes under development S. Merkle & R. Meagher, U Georgia
7 Biosynthetic pathway example: Modifying color/antioxidants Malonyl-CoA+ coumaroyl-coa P C2 Chalcone C2 C1 Vp1 (ABA) Flavanone R/B A1 Flavan-4-ol Dihydroflavonol Flavan-3,4-diol A1 PI R/B 3-Hydroxyanthocyanidine Bz1 Phobaphenes Anthocyanins
8 Biosafety example Sterile trees can dramatically reduce gene dispersal Variety of genetic mechanisms A tool to reduce risk of invasion by new exotic nursery/forestry species Invasive Douglas-firs in Argentina (B Bond)
9 Plant gene transfer concepts and methods
10 Summary of steps in plant genetic engineering
11 Antibiotic selection of transgenic cells Transformation Antibiotic selection Callus formation Shoot generation Root generation
12 DNA encodes both genes and signals for their control External Signal Cell Receptor Regulatory Elements Promoter Gene Terminator GO STOP Where When How Much TRANSCRIPTION mrna TRANSLATION Protein
13 Examples of Promoter:Gene Combos Promoter Gene 35 S-CAMV (virus) Bt (bacteria) Corn Stem Bt (bacteria) 35 S-CAMV Round-up Ready (bacteria) Tomato Fruit 5X Lycopene (tomato)
14 Reporter genes help visualize transgenic cells, promoter activity Any promoter GLO-FISH Fused to Any easily visualized gene Ubiqutious Fluorescence (JELLY FISH) FLORAL (POPLAR) GUS (BACTERIA)
15 Insertion of DNA into cells via biolistics ( gene gun )
16 Transgenic cassava via biolistics
17 Agrobacterium tumefaciens agent of crown gall disease
18 Agrobacterium is the method of choice for plant transformation A common soil pathogen that infects an large and taxonomically diverse range of plants A natural genetic engineer--gene transfer is essential to its pathogenic life style It transfers DNA into plant cells to cause gall formation, which provides a home and nutrition for it
19 Agrobacterium has a sophisticated gene transfer machinery Pathogenesis depends on presence of a very large plasmid, called the Ti (tumor inducing) plasmid, the source of its transferred genes (T-DNA) For biotechnology, the pathogenic genes are removed, replaced by useful genes
20 Agrobacterium life cycle
21 Agrobacterium transfer machinery
22 Agrobacterium Ti plasmid genes LB T - DNA auxin cytokinin opine RB vir genes ori opine catabolism Ti plasmid Right and left border (RB,LB) sequences are the only parts of T-DNA needed to enable transfer into plants removal of other T-DNA genes creates a disarmed plasmid
23 Disarmed and binary vector system Binary vectors live in E. coli too, and are used to modify & shuttle genes vir genes Disarmed Ti plasmid Agrobacterium Binary vector LB RB T- DNA Plant Cell
24 A sterilized paper punch is used to cut disks from plant leaves as the first step in genetic engineering. The cells on the edges of the disk are wounded in the process of cutting so they can receive a new gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
25 Step-by-step view of poplar transformation
26
27 Summary of steps in regenerating transgenic plants using Agrobacterium
28 Getting genes ready for transfer
29 Restriction Enzymes cut DNA at specific DNA sequences (Alcamo DNA Technology, 2nd Ed. Harcourt Press.)
30 Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on their length (Alcamo DNA Technology, 2nd Ed. Harcourt Press.)
31 Construction of recombinant DNA molecules (Alcamo DNA Technology, 2nd Ed. Harcourt Press.)
32 Boyer-Cohen Experiment, 1973 showed how genes could be cloned Plasmids are small, Circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently in a host cell. Foreign DNA inserted into plasmids can generate millions of copies of the inserted gene. (Alcamo DNA Technology, 2nd Ed. Harcourt Press.)
33 Example of a map of binary plasmid used in plant transformation
34 Map of binary plasmid used in precommercial plant transformation
35 Analysis of transgenic plants
36 Example of repeated transgenes in a plant genome caused by transformation process
37 Southern (DNA) and northern (RNA) blots of transgenic cassava Produced via biolistics DNA gene presence RNA-gene expression
38 Expression analyses of Agrobacterium transformed tobacco Level of expression varies widely among independent gene transfer events
39 Many transgenic events need to be tested to find ones that are agronomically suitable Dozens to hundreds tested prior to commercial use Stable gene and trait expression (look for Mendelian inheritance like native gene) Single gene insertion for stability and simple breeding Desired level and pattern of expression (position effects)
40 Many transgenic events need to be tested to find ones that are agronomically suitable No deleterious effects on plant health/nearby genes (i.e., lack of somaclonal variation = unintended mutations) Introgression or insertion into other varieties for commercial use Regulation considers: Plant biochemistry, novel protein safety, allergenic potential, environmental impacts
41 The genome is a complex, messy, mutagenized, recombinant place! Natural transposable elements in the maize genome
The demonstration that wild-type T-DNA coding region can be replaced by any DNA sequence without any effect on its transfer from A.
The demonstration that wild-type T-DNA coding region can be replaced by any DNA sequence without any effect on its transfer from A. tumefaciens to the plant inspired the promise that A. tumefaciens might
More informationGenetics Lecture 21 Recombinant DNA
Genetics Lecture 21 Recombinant DNA Recombinant DNA In 1971, a paper published by Kathleen Danna and Daniel Nathans marked the beginning of the recombinant DNA era. The paper described the isolation of
More informationConcept 13.1 Recombinant DNA Can Be Made in the Laboratory
13 Biotechnology Concept 13.1 Recombinant DNA Can Be Made in the Laboratory It is possible to modify organisms with genes from other, distantly related organisms. Recombinant DNA is a DNA molecule made
More informationPage 70 Monday December 8, 2014
replication and Monday December 8, 0 Notebook check 8: Page 69, DNA Technology Introduction Worksheet. The process by which a foreign gene is replicated by insertion into a bacterium is called genetic
More informationDNA REPLICATION & BIOTECHNOLOGY Biology Study Review
DNA REPLICATION & BIOTECHNOLOGY Biology Study Review DNA DNA is found in, in the nucleus. It controls cellular activity by regulating the production of, which includes It is a very long molecule made up
More informationA Lot of Cutting and Pasting Going on Here Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology
A Lot of Cutting and Pasting Going on Here Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology How Are Large DNA Molecules Analyzed? Naturally occurring enzymes that cleave and repair DNA are used in the laboratory to manipulate
More informationBiotechnolog y and DNA Technology
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R 9 Biotechnolog y and DNA Technology Introduction to Biotechnology Biotechnology: the use of microorganisms,
More informationRecombinant DNA. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview Recombinant DNA
Lesson Overview 15.2 Finding Genes In 1987, Douglas Prasher, a biologist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts, wanted to find a specific gene in a jellyfish that codes for a molecule
More information13-1 Changing the Living World
13-1 Changing the Living World In the past, variation was limited to the variations already in nature or random variations that resulted from mutations. Now, scientists can change DNA and swap genes from
More informationMolecular Cloning. Restriction Enzymes and Ligases
Tools in Genetic engineering The science of using living systems to benefit humankind is called biotechnology. Technically speaking, the domestication of plants and animals through farming and breeding
More informationUnit 2: Metabolism and Survival Sub-Topic (2.7) Genetic Control of Metabolism (2.8) Ethical considerations in the use of microorganisms
Unit 2: Metabolism and Survival Sub-Topic (2.7) Genetic Control of Metabolism (2.8) Ethical considerations in the use of microorganisms Duncanrig Secondary JHM&MHC 2015 Page 1 of 18 On completion of this
More informationBiotechnology. Chapter 20. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 20 Biotechnology PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright
More informationChapter 7 Agricultural Biotechnology
Chapter 7 Agricultural Biotechnology Outline: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Plant tissue culture 7.3 Genetically Modified Plant 7.4 Animal cloning 7.5 Genetically modified animal 2 Learning outcomes: Describe the
More information2014 Pearson Education, Inc. CH 8: Recombinant DNA Technology
CH 8: Recombinant DNA Technology Biotechnology the use of microorganisms to make practical products Recombinant DNA = DNA from 2 different sources What is Recombinant DNA Technology? modifying genomes
More informationDNA Technology. B. Using Bacteria to Clone Genes: Overview:
DNA Technology A. Basic Vocabulary: is DNA from 2 different sources that is combined. is the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes. literally means or in a test tube or flask. is the manipulation
More informationBasic Concepts and History of Genetic Engineering. Mitesh Shrestha
Basic Concepts and History of Genetic Engineering Mitesh Shrestha Genetic Engineering AKA gene manipulation, gene cloning, recombinant DNA technology, genetic modification, and the new genetics. A technique
More informationCH 8: Recombinant DNA Technology
CH 8: Recombinant DNA Technology Biotechnology the use of microorganisms to make practical products Recombinant DNA = DNA from 2 different sources What is Recombinant DNA Technology? modifying genomes
More informationRecombinant DNA, Biotechnology, and Microbes. Microbiology 221
Recombinant DNA, Biotechnology, and Microbes Microbiology 221 Overview Putting microbes to Work Molecular Cloning Recombinant DNA technology utilizes the power of microbiological selection and screening
More informationAP Biology Gene Expression/Biotechnology REVIEW
AP Biology Gene Expression/Biotechnology REVIEW Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Gene expression can be a. regulated before transcription.
More informationBiotechnology and DNA Technology
11/27/2017 PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College CHAPTER 9 Biotechnology and DNA Technology Introduction to Biotechnology Learning Objectives Compare
More informationMolecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 11: Recombinant DNA
Molecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 11: Recombinant DNA Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which of the following statements about the sources of DNA used for molecular cloning is correct? Question #1 (A) cdna
More informationChapter 20 DNA Technology & Genomics. If we can, should we?
Chapter 20 DNA Technology & Genomics If we can, should we? Biotechnology Genetic manipulation of organisms or their components to make useful products Humans have been doing this for 1,000s of years plant
More informationEdexcel (B) Biology A-level
Edexcel (B) Biology A-level Topic 7: Modern Genetics Notes Using Gene Sequencing Genome = all of an organism s DNA, including mitochondrial/chloroplast DNA. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to amplify
More informationA cross between dissimilar individuals to bring together their best characteristics is called
Ch 13 Game review A cross between dissimilar individuals to bring together their best characteristics is called A Genetic engineering B Inbreeding C Hybridization D Sequencing Ans: C Used to insert new
More informationRecombinant DNA Technology. The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology. yeast. Biotechnology. Recombinant DNA technology.
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 8 Recombinant DNA Technology The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology Biotechnology?
More informationThe genetically modified maize is proposed to be used as any other maize.
Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Plants Regarding "Submission for Placing on the Market of Glufosinate Tolerant Corns ( Zea Mays) Transformation Event T25" by the Agrevo Company (NOTIFICATION C/F/95/12/07)
More informationGM (Genetically Modified) Plants. Background
1 GM (Genetically Modified) Plants Background Genetically modified crops (GM) have been used since 1996 in the U.S. GM crops contain foreign genetic material The DNA may be from another plant or from a
More informationOverview: The DNA Toolbox
Overview: The DNA Toolbox Sequencing of the genomes of more than 7,000 species was under way in 2010 DNA sequencing has depended on advances in technology, starting with making recombinant DNA In recombinant
More informationLecture 3 Mutagens and Mutagenesis. 1. Mutagens A. Physical and Chemical mutagens B. Transposons and retrotransposons C. T-DNA
Lecture 3 Mutagens and Mutagenesis 1. Mutagens A. Physical and Chemical mutagens B. Transposons and retrotransposons C. T-DNA 2. Mutagenesis A. Screen B. Selection C. Lethal mutations Read: 508-514 Figs:
More informationResearchers use genetic engineering to manipulate DNA.
Section 2: Researchers use genetic engineering to manipulate DNA. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the different tools and processes used in genetic
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.20 - BIOTECHNOLOGY.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: DNA CLONING DNA cloning is a technique that inserts a foreign gene into a living host to replicate the gene and produce gene products. Transformation the process by which
More informationWHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY?
WHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY? http://www.accessexcellence.org/rc/ab/bc/ Coined in 1919 by Karl Ereky, an Hungarian engineer Defined as: All the lines of work by which products are produced from raw materials
More informationChapter 6: Plant Biotechnology
Chapter 6: Plant Biotechnology Chapter Contents 6.1 The Future of Agriculture: Plant Transgenics 6.2 Methods Used in Plant Transgenesis 6.3 Practical Applications 6.4 Health and Environmental Concerns
More informationLectures 28 and 29 applications of recombinant technology I. Manipulate gene of interest
Lectures 28 and 29 applications of recombinant technology I. Manipulate gene of interest C A. site-directed mutagenesis A C A T A DNA B. in vitro mutagenesis by PCR T A 1. anneal primer 1 C A 1. fill in
More informationWhat is Biotechnology?
What is Biotechnology? Biotechnology is a modern technology that makes use of organisms (or parts thereof) to: make or modify products; improve and develop microorganisms, plants or animals; or develop
More informationLecture 21: Association Studies and Signatures of Selection. November 6, 2006
Lecture 21: Association Studies and Signatures of Selection November 6, 2006 Announcements Outline due today (10 points) Only one reading for Wednesday: Nielsen, Molecular Signatures of Natural Selection
More informationChapter 8 Recombinant DNA Technology. 10/1/ MDufilho
Chapter 8 Recombinant DNA Technology 10/1/2017 1 MDufilho The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology Biotechnology? Recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology Intentionally modifying
More information[ 2 ] [ 3 ] WHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY? HOW IS BIOTECHNOLOGY DIFFERENT FROM THE TRADITIONAL WAY OF IMPROVING CROPS?
WHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY? Biotechnology is a modern technology that makes use of organisms (or parts thereof) to make or modify products; improve and develop microorganisms, plants or animals; or develop
More informationChapter 20 Recombinant DNA Technology. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 20 Recombinant DNA Technology Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 20.1 Recombinant DNA Technology Began with Two Key Tools: Restriction Enzymes and DNA Cloning Vectors Recombinant DNA refers
More informationBiotechnology. Chapter 20. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 20 Biotechnology PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright
More informationFood Biotechnology: Agustin K Wardani
Food Biotechnology: Agustin K Wardani Biotechnology helps to meet our basic needs. Food, clothing, shelter, health and safety What is Food Biotechnology? Food biotechnology is the evolution of traditional
More informationNOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech )
NOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech ) Vocabulary Genetic Engineering Gene Recombinant DNA Transgenic Restriction Enzymes Vectors Plasmids Cloning Key Concepts What is genetic engineering?
More information-Is the process of manipulating genes and genomes
Genetic Engineering -Is the process of manipulating genes and genomes Biotechnology -Is the process of manipulating organisms or their components for the purpose of making useful products Restriction Enzymes
More informationBiotechnology. Chapter 17 section 1 (only)
Biotechnology Chapter 17 section 1 (only) 5-16-16 Learning Goals for Today: Explain how DNA profiling can identify individuals Interpret data from DNA electrophoresis Discuss genetically modified organisms
More informationGuided Notes Unit 5: Molecular Genetics
Name: Date: Block: Chapter 8: From DNA to Protein I. Concept 8.4: Transcription a. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology i. Information flows in one direction: ii. How? Guided Notes Unit 5: Molecular Genetics
More informationBiotechnology. Chapter 13
Biotechnology Chapter 13 Genetic Changes Humans have been changing the genetics of other species for thousands of years Artificial selection of plants and animals Tomato plants look nothing like their
More informationBiotechnology: DNA Technology & Genomics
Chapter 20. Biotechnology: DNA Technology & Genomics 2003-2004 1 The BIG Questions! How can we use our knowledge of DNA to: " diagnose disease or defect? " cure disease or defect? " change/improve organisms?!
More information13-3 Cell Transformation
Recombinant DNA Host Cell DNA Target gene Modified Host Cell DNA 1 of 21 Transforming Bacteria Transforming Bacteria During transformation, a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell. The external DNA becomes
More informationChapter 10 Genetic Engineering: A Revolution in Molecular Biology
Chapter 10 Genetic Engineering: A Revolution in Molecular Biology Genetic Engineering Direct, deliberate modification of an organism s genome bioengineering Biotechnology use of an organism s biochemical
More informationGenome research in eukaryotes
Functional Genomics Genome and EST sequencing can tell us how many POTENTIAL genes are present in the genome Proteomics can tell us about proteins and their interactions The goal of functional genomics
More information3. Protein(s)or polypeptide(s): a. are a chain of amino acids b. is a rare molecule in an organism
2018 Iowa FFA Ag Biotechnology CDE General Knowledge Exam 1. A plant breeder makes a cross between two plants that are both the genotype Aa (Aa X Aa). How many different genotypes with respect to the A,a
More informationLearning Objectives. 2. Restriction Endonucleases 3. Cloning 4. Genetic Engineering 5. DNA libraries 6. PCR 7. DNA Fingerprinting
Fig. 13-CO, p.330 Learning Objectives 1. Purification & detection of nucleic acids. 2. Restriction Endonucleases 3. Cloning 4. Genetic Engineering 5. DNA libraries 6. PCR 7. DNA Fingerprinting Gel Electrophoresis
More informationBiotechnology DNA technology
Biotechnology Biotechnology is the manipulation of organisms or their components to make useful products The applications of DNA technology affect everything from agriculture, to criminal law, to medical
More informationLecture 3 (FW) January 28, 2009 Cloning of DNA; PCR amplification Reading assignment: Cloning, ; ; 330 PCR, ; 329.
Lecture 3 (FW) January 28, 2009 Cloning of DNA; PCR amplification Reading assignment: Cloning, 240-245; 286-87; 330 PCR, 270-274; 329. Take Home Lesson(s) from Lecture 2: 1. DNA is a double helix of complementary
More informationBootcamp: Molecular Biology Techniques and Interpretation
Bootcamp: Molecular Biology Techniques and Interpretation Bi8 Winter 2016 Today s outline Detecting and quantifying nucleic acids and proteins: Basic nucleic acid properties Hybridization PCR and Designing
More informationThe Biotechnology Toolbox
Chapter 15 The Biotechnology Toolbox Cutting and Pasting DNA Cutting DNA Restriction endonuclease or restriction enzymes Cellular protection mechanism for infected foreign DNA Recognition and cutting specific
More informationRefresher on gene expression - DNA: The stuff of life
Plant Pathology 602 Plant-Microbe Interactions Lecture 2 Molecular methods for studying hostpathogen interactions I Sophien Kamoun kamoun.1@osu.edu The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research
More informationWARM UP. 1. Take out your laptop and Chapter 12 Notes 2. Log in to Google Classroom 3. Wait for me to post the quick quiz!
WARM UP 1. Take out your laptop and Chapter 12 Notes 2. Log in to Google Classroom 3. Wait for me to post the quick quiz! AGENDA Warm up- Quick Quiz Chapter 13 Notes: Genetic Technology Genetic Engineering
More informationBIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES
CHAPTER 11 BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES POINTS TO REMEMBER Bacteriophage : A virus that infects bacteria. Bioreactor : A large vessel in which raw materials are biologically converted into
More informationIowa State FFA Biotechnology CDE Comprehensive Knowledge Test
Iowa State FFA Biotechnology CDE Comprehensive Knowledge Test - 2017 - Name Chapter 1. What is the name of the technique that allows geneticists to observe DNA fragments from a DNA sample and compare them
More informationDNA, Genes & Biotechnology. Chapter 5
DNA, Genes & Biotechnology Chapter 5 What is DNA? (remember?!) DNA = deoxyribose nucleic acid Macromolecule that stores information Contains instructions for building all structures for all living things
More informationBiosc10 schedule reminders
Biosc10 schedule reminders Review of molecular biology basics DNA Is each person s DNA the same, or unique? What does DNA look like? What are the three parts of each DNA nucleotide Which DNA bases pair,
More informationDeveloping New GM Products and Detection Methods
Developing New GM Products and Detection Methods Dave Grothaus Monsanto Company Slides Thanks to: International Life Sciences Institute Crop Life International Indus try Colleagues Hope Hart - Syngenta
More informationDNA and Biotechnology Form of DNA Form of DNA Form of DNA Form of DNA Replication of DNA Replication of DNA
21 DNA and Biotechnology DNA and Biotechnology OUTLINE: Replication of DNA Gene Expression Mutations Regulating Gene Activity Genetic Engineering Genomics DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Double-stranded molecule
More informationLegal arguments to keep plants. such as cisgenesis outside the GMO regulation
Legal arguments to keep plants from novel breeding techniques such as cisgenesis outside the GMO regulation dr Henk J Schouten Wageningen University and Research Centre & Inova Fruit bv Content Definition
More informationPlant Biotechnology. The Genetic Manipulation of Plants OXPORD VNIVERSITY PRESS. Adrian Slater, Nigel W. Scott. Mark R. Fowler.
Plant Biotechnology The Genetic Manipulation of Plants Adrian Slater, Nigel W. Scott and Mark R. Fowler De Montfort University OXPORD VNIVERSITY PRESS Preface List of Abbreviations Foreword v xiii xxi
More informationBiotechnology. DNA Cloning Finding Needles in Haystacks. DNA Sequencing. Genetic Engineering. Gene Therapy
Biotechnology DNA Cloning Finding Needles in Haystacks DNA Sequencing Genetic Engineering Gene Therapy What is DNA Cloning? Set of methods that uses live cells to make many identical copies of a DNA fragment
More informationGenetic Engineering 1 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
Genetic Engineering 1 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 2 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 What is genetic engineering? 3 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 DNA of living organisms can be modified by the insertion or removal
More informationCHAPTER 20 DNA TECHNOLOGY AND GENOMICS. Section A: DNA Cloning
Section A: DNA Cloning 1. DNA technology makes it possible to clone genes for basic research and commercial applications: an overview 2. Restriction enzymes are used to make recombinant DNA 3. Genes can
More informationUnit 8: Genomics Guided Reading Questions (150 pts total)
Name: AP Biology Biology, Campbell and Reece, 7th Edition Adapted from chapter reading guides originally created by Lynn Miriello Chapter 18 The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria Unit 8: Genomics Guided
More informationSection B: The Genetics of Bacteria
CHAPTER 18 MICROBIAL MODELS: THE GENETICS OF VIRUSES AND BACTERIA Section B: The Genetics of Bacteria 1. The short generation span of bacteria helps them adapt to changing environments 2. Genetic recombination
More informationGenomics and Biotechnology
Genomics and Biotechnology Expansion of the Central Dogma DNA-Directed-DNA-Polymerase RNA-Directed- DNA-Polymerase DNA-Directed-RNA-Polymerase RNA-Directed-RNA-Polymerase RETROVIRUSES Cell Free Protein
More informationCloning and Genetic Engineering
Cloning and Genetic Engineering Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Biotechnology is the use of artificial methods to modify the genetic material of living organisms or cells to produce novel compounds or to perform
More informationMolecular Biology (2)
Molecular Biology (2) Restriction endonucleases, RFLP, and gene cloning Mamoun Ahram, PhD Second semester, 2017-2018 Resources This lecture Cooper, pp 120-124 Endonucleases Enzymes that degrade DNA within
More information1. Introduction Drought stress and climate change Three strategies of plants in response to water stress 3
Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Drought stress and climate change 3 1.2 Three strategies of plants in response to water stress 3 1.3 Three closely related species of Linderniaceae family are experimental
More informationName Class Date. a. identify similarities and
Chapter 13 enetic Engineering Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. Selective breeding produces a. more offspring.
More information2054, Chap. 14, page 1
2054, Chap. 14, page 1 I. Recombinant DNA technology (Chapter 14) A. recombinant DNA technology = collection of methods used to perform genetic engineering 1. genetic engineering = deliberate modification
More informationGene Expression. Chapters 11 & 12: Gene Conrtrol and DNA Technology. Cloning. Honors Biology Fig
Chapters & : Conrtrol and Technology Honors Biology 0 Cloning Produced by asexual reproduction and so it is genetically identical to the parent st large cloned mammal: Dolly the sheep Animals that are
More informationBIOTECHNOLOGY. Sticky & blunt ends. Restriction endonucleases. Gene cloning an overview. DNA isolation & restriction
BIOTECHNOLOGY RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY Recombinant DNA technology involves sticking together bits of DNA from different sources. Made possible because DNA & the genetic code are universal. 2004 Biology
More informationRestriction Enzymes (endonucleases)
In order to understand and eventually manipulate DNA (human or otherwise) an array of DNA technologies have been developed. Here are some of the tools: Restriction Enzymes (endonucleases) In order to manipulate
More informationGenetic modification introduction
Slide 1 Genetic modification introduction Clemens van de Wiel, Jan Schaart & Bert Lotz Slide 2 Definition from EU Directive 2001/18/EC: an organism, with the exception of human beings, in which the genetic
More informationBy two mechanisms: Mutation Genetic Recombination
Genetics (see text pages 257-259, 267-298) Remember what it is we want to address: How is it that prokaryotes gain new genetic ability? The cells are haploid and reproduce by fission...so how does an genetic
More information3/10/06. Web Sites with balanced views of the issues related to GM foods:
3/10/06 Web Sites with balanced views of the issues related to GM foods: http://www.geo-pie.cornell.edu/crops/eating.html http://www.colostate.edu/programs/lifesciences/transgeniccrops/ golden rice http://www.nbiap.vt.edu/
More informationStandards for Safety Assessments of Food Additives produced Using Genetically Modified Microorganisms
Standards for Safety Assessments of Food Additives produced Using Genetically Modified Microorganisms (Food Safety Commission Decision of March 25, 2004) Chapter 1 General Provisions No. 1 Background on
More informationGENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS. Maria Teresa Paramio. UAB.
GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS. Maria Teresa Paramio. UAB. DEFINITION Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not
More informationI. Gene Cloning & Recombinant DNA. Biotechnology: Figure 1: Restriction Enzyme Activity. Restriction Enzyme:
I. Gene Cloning & Recombinant DNA Biotechnology: Figure 1: Restriction Enzyme Activity Restriction Enzyme: Most restriction enzymes recognize a single short base sequence, or Restriction Site. Restriction
More informationUnit 3c. Microbial Gene0cs
Unit 3c Microbial Gene0cs Microbial Genetics! Gene0cs: the science of heredity Genome: the gene0c informa0on in the cell Genomics: the sequencing and molecular characteriza0on of genomes Gregor Mendel
More informationGenetic Engineering and Other Aspects of Biotechnology
Genetic Engineering and Other Aspects of Biotechnology IB Biology Outcomes 4.4.1 Outline the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to copy and amplify minute quantities of DNA. 4.4.2 State that, in gel
More informationBiotechnology:Principles and Processes
Biotechnology:Principles and Processes Very Short Answers Questions: 1. Define biotechnology? A: The integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products
More informationExperimental Tools and Resources Available in Arabidopsis. Manish Raizada, University of Guelph, Canada
Experimental Tools and Resources Available in Arabidopsis Manish Raizada, University of Guelph, Canada Community website: The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) at http://www.arabidopsis.org Can order
More informationBIOLOGY 101. CHAPTER 18: Gene Expression: Turning genes on and off
BIOLOGY 101 CHAPTER 18: Gene Expression: Turning genes on and off BACTERIAL TRANSFORMATION: Bacteria have the ability to pick up DNA from their surroundings and transcribe it as if it was their own. When
More informationBIOTECHNOLOGY. Understanding the Application
BIOTECHNOLOGY Understanding the Application GENETIC ENGINEERING Genetic engineering refers to any process in which man alters an organism s DNA Examples: cloning, genetically modified organisms (GMO),
More informationCHAPTER 08: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY Pearson Education, Inc.
CHAPTER 08: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology Biotechnology the use of microorganisms to make practical products Recombinant DNA technology Intentionally
More informationGenetics and Biotechnology 13.2 DNA Technology
Biotechnology Genetic Engineering Technology that involves manipulating the DNA of one organism in order to insert the DNA of another organism An electric current is used to separate DNA fragments according
More informationCHAPTERS 16 & 17: DNA Technology
CHAPTERS 16 & 17: DNA Technology 1. What is the function of restriction enzymes in bacteria? 2. How do bacteria protect their DNA from the effects of the restriction enzymes? 3. How do biologists make
More informationNew Plant Breeding Techniques Group 3 Transgenic construct driven breeding
WORKSHOP COMPERATIVE SITUATION OF NEW PLANT BREEDING TECHNIQUES 12-13 SEPTEMBER 2011 SEVILLE, SPAIN 1 New Plant Breeding Techniques Group 3 Transgenic construct driven breeding Maria Lusser Joint Research
More informationWarm-Up. Describe how the Hershey-Chase experiment proved that DNA is the heritable molecule of genes.
Warm-Up Describe how the Hershey-Chase experiment proved that DNA is the heritable molecule of genes. Yesterday s Pictures 3D χ " = $ (o e)" e DNA protein protein protein protein protein Host Cell DNA
More informationGenetics Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. Instructor: Dr. Jihad Abdallah Topic 16: Biotechnology
Genetics 10201232 Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Instructor: Dr. Jihad Abdallah Topic 16: Biotechnology 1 Biotechnology is defined as the technology that involves the use of living organisms
More informationChapter 9 Genetic Engineering
Chapter 9 Genetic Engineering Biotechnology: use of microbes to make a protein product Recombinant DNA Technology: Insertion or modification of genes to produce desired proteins Genetic engineering: manipulation
More informationLecture Four. Molecular Approaches I: Nucleic Acids
Lecture Four. Molecular Approaches I: Nucleic Acids I. Recombinant DNA and Gene Cloning Recombinant DNA is DNA that has been created artificially. DNA from two or more sources is incorporated into a single
More information