Vibrio fischeri & Hawaiian Bobtail Squid Characteristics:

Transcription

1 Nieves 1 Vibrio fischeri & Hawaiian Bobtail Squid Characteristics: Bacillus (curved rod) Gram Negative Lophotrichous Flagellum Motile Facultive Anaerobe (Requires oxygen for bioluminescent property)* Bernhard Fischer: Born: February 19, 1852 Education: Humbolt University of Berlin Died: August 2, 1915 One of the earliest microbiologists to study bioluminescent bacteria He was the first to show that indigenous bacteria existed in the high seas. Media: Glycerol Chalk Media Photobacterium Agar Luminous Medium Photobacterium Broth Seawater Agar Photobacterium MPY Medium Requirements for growth: 20 to 26 c temperature 18 to 26 hours in total darkness prior to viewing the bioluminescence. Require Marine salt to grow. (NaCl) V. fischeri must be subcultured at least twice weekly (3 times is better). V. fischeri should be inoculated more heavily than other bacteria. Requires OXYGEN to glow*

2 Nieves 2 Replicate >>> Transcribe>>>Translate: Lux R is Replicated>>> Transcribed>>> Translated (into Lux R protein) Lux R binds to Lux R autoinducer binary complex telling RNA polymerase where to start transcription. Ribosome then translate the message into protein. (Lux Operon) Lux Operon *

3 Nieves 3 Quorum Sensing Symbiosis: The relationship between two different kinds of living things that live together and depend on each other. Light Organ: The light organ is bilobed located inside of the squid s mantle. This is where the bacteria are stored. Colonization: The sea water enters the newly hatched squid s mantle during gill ventilation, and with it comes millions of different bacteria. This will stimulate the epithelial cells to secrete mucus containing PeptidoGlycan Recognition Protein. (PGRP) Apoptosis of the ciliated appendages occurs once colonization is complete. *

4 Nieves 4 Daily Expulsion of Bacteria at Dawn: 90-95% of V. fischeri is expelled at dawn. Bacteria no longer has flagella. During the day the squid has no use for the bacteria, it uses the sand to camouflage. Why Bioluminescence is Beneficial to Organisms. Ward off predators Attract prey Communication used to attract a mate Symbiosis between Vibrio fischeri and the Hawaiian Bobtail Squid. The Light emitted by Vibrio fischeri serves as a counter illumination devise. It uses the bacteria to mimic the light emitted by the moonlight. This will stop the squid from casting a shadow. Making the squid invisible to any predators. The bacteria provides the counter illumination camouflage and in return the Hawaiian Bobtail Squid provides the bacteria with shelter and nutrition. Research: Breast cancer Using Vibrio fischeri s quorum sensing to target cancer cells. Researchers hope that they will find a way of using the quorum sensing gene to sense a microenvironment of a tumor, invade it, and destroy it by releasing a cytotoxic agent to destroy the cancer cells.

5 Nieves 5 Works Cited N.A. Euprymna scolopes, Hawaiian bobtail squid. Julien Royet, Dipika Gupta & Roman Dziarski. Euprymna scolopes PGRPs control colonization and maintenance of the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri within the light organ of the squid.. Koropatnick, Tanya. The Squid-Vibrio Symbiosis. Nyholm,Spencer V. THE WINNOWING: ESTABLISHING THE SQUID VIBRIOSYMBIOSIS. Ruby, Edward G. The Vibrio fischeri-euprymna scolopes Light Organ Association: Current Ecological Paradigms. Wade, Michael. SYMBIOSIS-What They Don t Teach You in School. Wells, Christopher D. Mutualism of the Month: Hawaiian bobtail squid. Wier, Andrew. Basketing in the Glow. Wiles, Siouxsie. Art (& Science!) in the Dark. thoughts/tag/hawaiian- bobtail- squid/.10nov201211nov2013. Yen-Cheng Lin, Leo. BACTERIAL BIOLUMINESCENCE.