Biology and Control of Insects and Rodents Workshop What is an Integrated Mosquito Management Program?

Transcription

1 What is an Integrated Mosquito Management Program? Janet McAllister, Ph.D. CDC/NCID/DVBID Ft. Collins, Colorado Who does mosquito control? State Boards and Commissions Local Departments of Health/Environment County Mosquito Boards Individual Cities/Townships Neighborhood Associations Pest Management Professionals Private Contractors The bigger the area covered the more effective the program. Sliding scale of programs Spray Program Relies mainly on use of chemicals. May have limited surveillance Control Program Uses Integrated Mosquito Management of which there are 8 components Page 1

2 Public Education and Community Outreach Physical Control Disease Surveillance Resistance Monitoring Biological Control Legal Actions Chemical Control Mapping Mosquito Sampling and Surveillance Mosquito Sampling and Surveillance Allows you to decide when and where to treat for the best control based on thresholds Food, Space, Breeding sites Predators and Pathogens Arbovirus Transmission Cycle Virus Vertebrate Host Vector Virus Weather and Climate Weather and Climate Incidental hosts Pupae Adults Terrestrial Aquatic Larvae Eggs Food, Space, Breeding sites Page 2

3 Surveillance System Birds Sentinel Chickens Dead birds (public reported) Wild birds live-captured Mosquito pools Horses Humans Sentinel hospitals Suspect cases Mapping Can be as low tech as maps on the wall Using GPS and GIS allows for data management and analysis as well as creates good records. GPS can be used to regulate pesticide flow and to monitor insecticide applications Page 3

4 GIS: Capturing Data Maps can be scaned, digitized or hand-traced with a computer mouse to collect the coordinates of features Site coordinates can be downloaded from GPS units Aerial View of Suburban Density Catch Basin Mapping* * Vector control response to a West Nile virus epidemic in Ohio Terry Allan. Fourth National Conference on West Nile Virus in the United States New Orleans, Louisiana, February 9-11, 2003 GIS: Data Modeling A larval density map may be related to a vegetation cover map to identify suitable breeding sites for a mosquito vector GIS: Data Modeling Relating distribution of breeding sites, abundance and flight ranges of a mosquito species identifies areas requiring high priority for treatment infra-red photograph of Rockland County Md, June 26, Page 4

5 GIS: Data Output Graphics may be produced on the screen or on paper to make decisions about treatments and resources allocations Wall maps and other graphics allow the viewer to visualize and understand the results of analyses or simulations of potential events Physical Control = Source Reduction Any method of physically altering mosquito breeding sites to render it unsatisfactory for completion of mosquito life cycle Physical Control permanent Control Removal of water holding containers Sanitation Page 5

6 Sanitation Maintenance and repair Water Management Impoundment management Water Management Storm water retention structure management Page 6

7 Water Management Filling of low-lying depressions Ditching Water Management Biological Control Definition The reduction of an insect pest population by natural enemies. The process usually involves an active human role. Natural Control Reduction of an insect pest population by naturally occurring organisms and environmental factors without human input. Page 7

8 Biological Control Agents Predators- organisms that consume insect pests Parasites- organisms whose immature stages develop in or on an insect pest, thus killing the pest Pathogens- disease causing organisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. Biological Control Augmentation Most effective on aquatic mosquito life stages, i.e. egg, larva, pupa. Discrete water body habitats. Aquatic enemies easier to collect and produce. Better residual effect. Better operational use - rear or collect, and transport and distribute at reasonable cost. Biological Control Agents Predator Fish any top minnow Bacillus thuringiensis israelenisis, B.t.i. Bacillus sphericus Copopods Page 8

9 Chemical Control Mosquitocides Available for MADs in the US Adulticides: Organophosphates Naled Malathion Pyrethroids Permethrin Pyrethrum d-phenothrin (Sumethrin) Resmethrin Larvacides: Biologicals Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (B.t.i.) Bacillus sphaericus Insect Growth Regulators methoprene Oils Monomolecular films Organophosphate Temophos Other products available but not in common use Organophosphates Chlorpyrifos (Aerial and ground ULV) Pyrethroids Deltamethrin (indoor - general pest label) Bifentrhrin (outdoor - general pest label) Lambda cyhalothrin (bednets, indoor and outdoor- general pest label) Page 9

10 Improved Definition Insecticide Resistance is a genetic change in response to selection by toxicants that may impair control in the field. (Sawicki, 1987) Resistance Management- Laboratory Evaluations Resistance Management- Field Evaluations Page 10

11 Initial Snapshot New Snapshot Each resistance problem is potentially unique. Every solution may be unique. Page 11

12 WHY IS PUBLIC EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY OUTREACH NECESSARY? Mosquitoes Only Fly As Far As Necessary For A Blood Meal Aesthetics Property Values Economics Disease East Baton Rouge Parish Mosquito Abatement and Rodent Control WHEN DO YOU USE PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH? TO AID IN VOTER EDUCATION TO ESTABLISH A CONTROL PROGRAM WHEN DO YOU USE PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH? EMPTY TO ENCOURAGE THE CITIZENS TO DO THEIR PART IN CONTROL AND PERSONAL PROTECTION FILL DRAIN TREAT East Baton Rouge Parish Mosquito Abatement and Rodent Control Page 12

13 Local, State and Federal Laws to address breeding of mosquitoes Usually under Department of Health Sanitary Codes Address fines and other civil actions against property owners breeding mosquitoes Legal Actions In Summary Integrated Mosquito Management is made up of 9 components. Individual programs may employ varying degrees of these components but to be more than a spray program all 9 are present. Successful mosquito control depends on good lines of communication and working partnerships with the public and many Local, State and Federal agencies. (ie, Public Works, Health, Wildlife and Fisheries, Agriculture, Environmental Departments etc.) Slides/Photos brought to you by: Jack Baldwin Bonnie Broussard Mary Grodner Kurt Guidry Raquel Gleiser Jack Leonard Janet McAllister Ray Parsons Mike Perich Matt Yates Harris County Health Department Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals LSU Ag Center Louisiana Mosquito Control Association Texas Mosquito Control Association Centers for Disease Control and Prevention New Orleans Mosquito and Termite Control Board Page 13

14 LaMAP mosquito/pdf/template.pdf Louisiana Mosquito Control Association training manual Texas Dept. of Health, Vector and Rodent Control Study Guide Florida Mosquito Control: The state of the mission as defined by mosquito controllers, regulators and environmental managers. American Mosquito Control Association Food for Thought Page 14