EXPLORING TISSUE PLASTICITY

Transcription

1 EXPLORING TISSUE PLASTICITY damaged cells progenitor cells YOUNG HEALTHY OLD DISEASED REJUVENATED HEALTHY time chronic damage REPROGRAMMING THERAPEUTICS

2 EXPLORING TISSUE PLASTICITY in vitro Oct4 Klf4 Sox2 Myc

3 EXPLORING TISSUE PLASTICITY with the Yamanaka factors Ubiquitous and inducible expression (driven by ROSA26::rtTA) Randomly integrated lentiviral cassette (two lines integrated at different loci) Neto2 - line A Pparg line B Oct4 Klf4 Sox2 Myc 1 st Loss of cell identity (~1 week) 2 nd Reprogramming features (~2 weeks) 3 rd Full reprogramming (>1 month) (teratomas and ips) "Reprogrammable mouse (i4f) Maria Abad et al., Nature 2013

4 De-differentiation & features of reprogramming Doxycycline (2 weeks) NANOG CK19 Intestine Stomach similar observations in kidney, pancreas and liver Maria Abad et al., Nature 2013

5 Expression levels relative to GAPDH Expression levels relative to GAPDH 2 weeks doxycycline Stomach SAßG NANOG p21 NANOG KIDNEY ACTINA Pancreas Kidney WT i4f p16 p19 p21 IL6 TNFa Lluc Mosteiro et al., Science 2016

6 Damage primes tissues for reprogramming +BLEO 1 d +DOX 2 w i4f bleomycin i4f SAbG NANOG LUNG Lluc Mosteiro et al., Science 2016

7 SAbG of positive cells % of total area NANOG % of positive cells PANCREAS SAbG + cells 2 weeks, 0.2 mg/ml doxycycline * * * * * Dysplasia **** * * **** *** *** *** 1.5 NANOG + cells 1.0 ** Lluc Mosteiro & Cristina Pantoja, Aging Cell null for: F * * - Il6 Ink4a Ink4a Arf p53 p53 Arf Ink4a Arf males F - p21 females

8 Efficiency (%) Recapitulation in vitro IR WT MEFs TNFa Cytokine array of CM IL CM increases reprogramming IL6 is essential for reprogramming *** IR p53-null MEFs IR Ink4a/Arf-null MEFs CM: *** *** anti-il6: Lluc Mosteiro et al., Science 2016

9 Tissue damage and reprogramming damaged senescent cells cells undergoing reprogramming factors secreted by senescent cells (IL6, ) Inducers of in vivo reprogramming: Palbociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor): reinforces senescence Recombinant IL6: favors de-differentiation Blockers of in vivo reprogramming: Navitoclax (Bcl2,SL,W inhibitor): kills senescent cells (senolytic) BAY (IKK inhibitor): reduces secretion of factors Anti-IL6 antibodies: prevents de-differentiation PIM inhibitor: prevents de-differentiation downstream of IL6

10 EXPLORING TISSUE PLASTICITY Partial reprogramming in vitro in vivo in vitro in vivo REJUVENATED HEALTHY progenitor-like cells

11 EXPLORING TISSUE PLASTICITY Ubiquitous and inducible expression (driven by ROSA26::rtTA) Randomly integrated lentiviral cassette (two lines integrated at different loci) Neto2 - line A Pparg line B Oct4 Klf4 Sox2 Myc 1 st Loss of cell identity (~1 week) 2 nd Reprogramming features (~2 weeks) 3 rd Full reprogramming (>1 month) (teratomas and ips) "Reprogrammable mouse (i4f) Maria Abad et al., Nature 2013

12 OSKM ~1 week ~2 weeks differentiated somatic cell pluripotent embryonic cell multiple plastic states? de-differentiation phase (highly stochastic and heterogeneous) deterministic phase (homogeneous)

13 i4f WT Early stage of in vivo reprogramming DOXY -> OSKM ON pancreas i4f 0 7 days HE CPA-1 p48 KRT19 HNF1β KRT14 HE CPA-1 p48 KRT19 HNF1β KRT14

14 Early stage of in vivo reprogramming DOXY -> OSKM ON pancreas i4f 0 7 days Embryonic progenitors Pancreatic cell types Endocrine Acinar Ductal 1w OSKM Atypical ductal P48 Sox9 Pdx1 Nkx6.1 Pdx1 Nkx6.1 Insulin β-cell α, γ, δ, ε- cell Arx Brn4 Cpa1 P48 Mist1 Amy Krt19 Hnf1β Hnf6 Sox9 Krt19 Krt14 all the rest negative

15 differentiated somatic cell pluripotent embryonic cell Acinar atypical ductal Ductal?? Endocrine?

16 Pancreatic Organoids Huch M, Clevers H. (2013) Duct = duct Acinar acinar =

17 PANCREATIC DUCTAL ORGANOID MEDIUM Collagenase P + FGF10 + Nicotinamide + Gastrin i4f pancreas acinar cells + Rspondin + Noggin + EGF Matrigel- embedded acinar cells

18 i4f wild type i4f Pancreatic organoids Passage 0 Passage 1 Passage 2 D2 D6 D10 D14 D2 D9 D15 D19 D26 OSKM OFF OSKM ON D2 D6 D10 D14 D21 OSKM ON OSKM OFF

19 Characterization of i4f Pancreatic Organoids OSKM ON 7days i4f OSKM OFF 7-10 days OSKM ON HE Krt14 Sox9 OSKM OFF ductal organoids OSKM ON mixed atypical ductal organoids RNA seq data

20 differentiated somatic cell pluripotent embryonic cell Acinar atypical ductal Ductal Endocrine? typical? ductal organoids?

21 i4f mice with lineage tracing for Krt14 KRT14 prom CRE KRT14 prom CRE + TMX ROSA 26 prom mt mg ROSA 26 prom mg

22 Krt14 lineage tracing during in vitro reprogramming of MEFS FOLD INDUCTION retrovirus Klf4 Sox2 Oct4 +TAMOXIFEN MEFS DAYS IPS DAY Krt14 expression in MEFs GFP + = tracing KRT14 + cells 0 DAY2 DAY5 DAY7 DAY9 DAY12 DAY21

23 differentiated somatic cell pluripotent embryonic cell Acinar atypical ductal X Ductal Endocrine? typical? ductal organoids?

24 Krt14 expression during in VIVO reprogramming INTESTINE Krt14 Krt14 KIDNEY STOMACH Krt14 i4f Krt14 LIVER

25 Krt14 expression during in VITRO reprogramming Fold induction Fold induction IN VITRO reprogramming of HEPATOCYTES DAY 11 WT i4f Krt14 expression in i4f Hepatocytes IN VITRO reprogramming of RENAL EPITHELIAL CELLS DAY 15 WT i4f 10 Krt14 expression in i4f Renal Epithelial cells d7_wt d7_i4f d15_wt d15_i4f

26 differentiated somatic cell pluripotent embryonic cell atypical ductal X???

27 EXPLORING TISSUE PLASTICITY with the Yamanaka factors Cellular plasticity can be manipulated genetically and pharmacologically Tissue injury primes cellular plasticity IL-6 plays a pivotal role in inducing cell plasticity There are plastic states that do not lead to embryonic pluripotency These plastic states retain differentiation capacity These plastic states may be common among multiple tissues YOUNG HEALTHY OLD DISEASED REJUVENATED HEALTHY damaged cells progenitor cells time chronic damage REPROGRAMMING THERAPEUTICS

28 Dafni Chondronasiou Researchers: Cristina Pantoja Technician: Maribel Muñoz Postdoctoral: Federico Pietrocola Cian Lynch Gianluca Varetti Mate Maus Kathleen Meyer Marta Kovatcheva Predoctoral: Dafni Chondronasiou Miguel Rovira Noelia Alcazar Raquel Bernad Selim Chaib Elena Menendez