SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

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1 DOI: 1.138/n74 In the formt provided y the uthors nd unedited. d 331p 637p 9p 394p 48p 467p 22p 23p 489p 419p 3p 493p 332p 53p 39p 1 G1: 16.4% S: 73.1% G2/M: 1.5% E-KO G1: 2.2% S: 7.7% G2/M: 9.1% Exon 1 Exon 2 Exon 5 Exon 1 Exon 2 Exon 5 Exon 1 Exon 2 Exon 5 Exon 6 Exon 7 Exon 3 Exon 1-3 Exon 6 Exon 11 G1:.4% S: 62.4% G2/M:11.2% Cylin D1 Cylin D3 Cylin D2 Cylin E2 Cylin E1 G1: 44.1% S: 47.4% G2/M: 8.5% è * Cylin D3 Cylin E1 Cylin E2 Cylin A2 Cylin B1 Cylin C CDK1 CDK2 CDK4 CDK6 GAPDH Cylin D1 Cylin D2 Cylin D3 Cylin E1 GAPDH e Perentge of ells D-KO E-KO G1 S G2/M Supplementry Figure 1 Anlyses of ES ells., PCR nlysis of two independent ontrol (1 nd 2), ylin D1 -/- D2 -/- D3 -/- E1 Δ/Δ E2 -/- (1 nd 2) nd one ylin E1 Δ/Δ E2 -/- (E-KO) ES ell lines. PCR primers (see Supplementry Tle 2) were used to mplify the indited exons of the ylin D1, D2, D3, E1 nd E2 genes. Note tht ylin D1 -/-, D2 -/-, nd D3 -/- lleles lk exons 1 nd 2, ut ontin intt exon 5 (refs 54-), ylin E1 Δ/Δ lk exons 6 nd 7, ut ontin exon 3 (ref. 57), while the ylin E2 -/- lleles lk exons 1-3 nd 6, ut ontin exon 11 (ref. 3). The sizes of the mplified frgments re shown on the left., Western lot nlysis of ontrol nd ES ell lines with the indited ntiodies. An rrow points to the ylin E1-speifi nd nd str mrks ross-reting non-speifi nd. GAPDH ws used s loding ontrol., Western lot nlysis of ontrol nd MEFs with the indited ntiodies. GAPDH ws used s loding ontrol., nd re representtive of 3 independent experiments. d, Control (), ylin D1 -/- D2 -/- D3 -/- (D-KO), ylin E1 Δ/Δ E2 -/- (E-KO) nd ylin D1 -/- D2 -/- D3 -/- E1 Δ/Δ E2 -/- () ES ells were pulsed with romodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for 1 hr, stined with n nti-brdu ntiody nd propidium iodide nd nlyzed y flow ytometry. Shown re the perentges of ells in the indited ell yle phses, representtive of n=4 independent experiments. e, Brs depiting the perentges of ells in the indited ell yle phses (determined s in pnel d) in four independent, D-KO, E-KO or ES ell lines. The men vlues (± s.d.) were [%]: : G1, 15.1 ± 1.; S, 75.7 ± 1.8; G2/M 9.2 ± 1.2; D-KO: G1, 19.7 ±.4; S,.1 ± 1.; G2/M, 8.1 ±.7; E-KO: G1, 28. ± 1.6; S, 6.6 ± 2.6; G2/M 11.4 ± 2.6; : G1,.9 ± 2.6; S, 44.7 ± 3.8; G2/M 11.4 ± 2.8. Anlyses were done 3 times. Soure dt for e n e found in Supplementry Tle Mmilln Pulishers Limited, prt of Springer Nture. All rights reserved.

2 Reltive trnsript levels * * * D-KO E-KO E-KO D-KO Reltive levels (%) 1 5 D-KO E-KO Numer of genes vs >2 >4 Fold hnge Down Up e Flg- 4E Flg-GFP IB: Flg d P-vlue (-log 1 ) Down Up vs 4E Endogenous IB: Fold hnge (log 2 ) Supplementry Figure 2 Moleulr nlyses of ES ells., Reversetrnsription quntittive PCR nlysis of the indited trnsripts in ontrol (), ylin D1 -/- D2 -/- D3 -/- (D-KO), ylin E1 Δ/Δ E2 -/- (E-KO) nd ylin D1 -/- D2 -/- D3 -/- E1 Δ/Δ E2 -/- () ES ells. Shown re men ± s.d. of n=3 independent experiments. Men expression levels oserved in ES ells were set s 1., Left pnel: immunolot nlysis of, E-KO, D-KO nd ES ells with ntiodies ginst ore pluripoteny ftors, representtive of n=3 independent experiments. ws used s loding ontrol. Right pnel: quntifition of the densitometri snning of nd intensities from the left pnel, men ± s.d. of n=3 independent experiments. nd d, RNA-Seq nlysis of ES ells., Numer of trnsripts downregulted (Down) or upregulted (Up) t lest two-fold (> 2), or t lest 4-fold (> 4) in ES ells s ompred to ES ells. Three lines of nd ES ells were used for nlysis. d, Volno plot of RNA-Seq results showing p-vlues nd fold hnge. e, ES ells were trnsdued with lentiviruses enoding Flg-tgged GFP or Flg-tgged 4E mutnt ontining phospho-mimiking glutmi id sustitutions within ll four ylin E-CDK2-dependent phosphoresidues. Lystes were immunolotted with n nti-flg ntiody (to detet etopilly expressed proteins), nd with ntiodies ginst (to detet endogenous nd etopilly expressed 4E mutnt), nd, representtive of 3 independent experiments. served s loding ontrol. Twotiled t-tests were used (*, p <.5;, p <.1;, p <.1; NS). Soure dt for nd n e found in Supplementry Tle Mmilln Pulishers Limited, prt of Springer Nture. All rights reserved.

3 T1 T2 T3 N1 N2 N3 N4 Cylin D3 Cylin D3 Cylin E1 Cylin E1 Supplementry Figure 3 Expression of G1 ylins in wild-type tropholst nd neurl progenitor ells., Humn tropholst ell lines HTR-8/SVneo (T1), JEG-3 (T2), nd BeWo (T3), s well s ontrol humn rest ner ell line MDA-MB-6 (), nd, A murine neurl stem/progenitor ell line, kind gift of Dr. C. Stiles (N1), mouse neurl stem/progenitor ell lines NE-4C (N2) nd NE-GFP-4C (N3), nd rt fetl neurl stem/progenitor ell line N77441 (N4) were nlyzed y immunolotting with the indited ntiodies. served s loding ontrol. Note tht wild-type tropholst nd neurl stem/progenitor ells normlly express G1 ylins. Results re representtive of 3 independent experiments Mmilln Pulishers Limited, prt of Springer Nture. All rights reserved.

4 Supplementry Figure CHX (hr) Log 2 fold hnge in reltive protein levels Time fter CHX (hr) Hours * Log 2 fold hnge in reltive protein levels Time fter CHX (hr) Hours * d Time fter CHX (hr) e MG132 (1 µm) Log 2 fold hnge in reltive protein levels Hours Supplementry Figure 4 Anlyses of, nd degrdtion in ES ells., Control nd ES ells were treted with 1 μg/ ml yloheximide (CHX, to lok new protein synthesis) for the indited times. The levels of, nd proteins were determined y immunolotting. served s loding ontrol., nd intensities from immunolots s in were quntified, normlized ginst tuulin nd plotted. Eh dt-point represents men vlue derived from n=3 independent experiments. Right pnel shows lulted men hlflife of in nd ES ells, men ± s.d. of n=3 independent experiments. P=.8., Similr nlysis s in for protein, men ± s.d. of n=3 independent experiments. P=.8. d, Similr nlysis s in for protein, men ± s.d. of n=3 independent experiments. P=.14. e, nd ES ells were treted with protesome inhiitor MG132 (+), or left untreted ( ), nd the levels of, nd proteins were determined y immunolotting. served s loding ontrol. Results re representtives of n=3 (-d) or 4 (e) independent experiments. Twotiled t-tests were used (*, p <.5;, p <.1;, p <.1). Soure dt for, d nd e n e found in Supplementry Tle Mmilln Pulishers Limited, prt of Springer Nture. All rights reserved.

5 1 2 3 HA- 4A E CHX (hr) HA GFP Log 2 fold hnge in reltive protein levels Time fter CHX (hr) A 4E HA- 3A E CHX (hr) HA GFP d Log 2 fold hnge in reltive protein levels Time fter CHX (hr) A 3E e HA- 4A E CHX (hr) HA GFP f Log 2 fold hnge in reltive protein levels Time fter CHX (hr) A 4E g h i Ni-NTA pull-down EV 4A HA- His-U IB: HA Poly-U HA- Ni-NTA pull-down EV 3A HA- His-U IB: HA Poly-U HA- Ni-NTA pull-down EV 4A HA- His-U IB: HA Poly-U HA- WCL IB: HA WCL IB: HA WCL IB: HA Supplementry Figure 5 Anlyses of, nd phosphomutnts., nd e, HeL ells were trnsfeted with plsmids enoding HA-tgged wild-type, or () or enoding mutnt proteins ontining phospho-intivting lnine (4A or 3A) or phospho-mimiking glutmi id (4E or 3E) sustitutions within ll ylin E-CDK2-dependent residues, together with CMV-GFP plsmid. Cells were treted with 1 μg/ml yloheximide (CHX) for the indited times, whole ell lystes were prepred nd immunolotted with n nti-ha ntiody, s well s with n nti-gfp (ontrol of trnsfetion effiieny) nd n nti-tuulin ntiody (loding ontrol)., d nd f, HA nd intensities were quntified, normlized with GFP, nd plotted. g i, 293T ells were trnsfeted with empty vetors (EV), or with expression plsmids enoding (in pnel g) wild-type HA- () or mutnt HA- ontining lnine (4A) sustitutions within ylin E-CDK2-dependent residues; or (in pnel h) wild-type HA- () or mutnt HA- ontining lnine (3A) sustitutions within ylin E-CDK2-dependent residues; or (in pnel i) wild-type HA- () or mutnt HA- ontining lnine (4A) sustitutions within ylin E-CDK2-dependent residues, together with histidine-tgged uiquitin (His-U) expression plsmids. Cells were treted with 15 μm MG132 overnight efore protein extrtion. Cell extrts were inuted with Ni-NTA mtries to pture uiquitinted proteins vi His- NTA intertion. Immoilized proteins were resolved y SDS PAGE nd immunolotted with n nti-ha ntiody (IB: HA, upper pnels, Ni-NTA pull-down) to detet polyuiquitinted, or. Whole ell lystes (WCL) were lso resolved y SDS PAGE nd immunolotted with n nti-ha ntiody (IB: HA, lower pnels). Note tht phospho-intivting (lnine) sustitutions strongly inresed uiquitintion of, nd proteins. Results in -i re representtives of n=3 independent experiments. Soure dt for, d nd f n e found in Supplementry Tle Mmilln Pulishers Limited, prt of Springer Nture. All rights reserved.

6 Reltive protein levels (%) VO 1 (µm) 5 5 AS AS AS AS AS AS B1-CDK Flg-tgged è * è * IP: Flg è IB: ThioP IB: Flg IB: ThioP Supplementry Figure 6 Anlyses of the effet of on, nd protein levels in ES ells., Quntifition of the results from the three ES ell lines shown in Fig. 8. The levels of eh protein in ells treted with vehile only (VO) were set s 1%. Shown re men ± s.d. of n=3 independent experiments. Two-tiled t-tests were used (, p <.1)., Tretment of ES ells with leds to further derese in the levels of pluripoteny ftors. Comprison of the levels of the indited proteins etween ontrol ES ells treted with vehile only (, ), ES ells treted with vehile only (, ), nd ES ells treted with 1 μm, whih inhiits CDK2 nd CDK1 (, 1). Protein lystes were immunolotted with the indited ntiodies., CDK1 n phosphorylte pluripoteny ftors. In-ell kinse retions. 293T ells were trnsfeted with onstruts enoding ylin B1 together with nlog-sensitive CDK1 (AS), or with wild-type CDK1 (), nd with Flg-tgged versions of, or (+Flg-tgged) or with empty vetors (-). Cells were permeilized nd inuted with 6-PhEt-ATPγS. Only AS kinses n utilize this ulky ATP version, nd hene they trnsfer thiophosphte moieties to their sustrtes. Upper pnels: following inution with 6-PhEt-ATPγS, Flg-tgged, or proteins were immunopreipitted (IP) with n nti-flg ntiody, nd immunolots were proed (IB) with n ntithiophosphte ester ntiody (ThioP). Bnds orresponding to nd proteins re mrked y rrows, non-speifi nds y strs. Middle pnels: lystes were immunolotted with n nti-flg ntiody (to detet trnsfeted proteins). Lower pnels: lystes were immunolotted with n nti-thiophosphte ester ntiody to onfirm tht AS CDK1-ylin B1 kinse phosphoryltes lrge numer of endogenous sustrtes, s expeted. Results re representtives of 5 () or 3 () independent experiments. Soure dt for n e found in Supplementry Tle Mmilln Pulishers Limited, prt of Springer Nture. All rights reserved.

7 Perentge of poptoti ells VO BT74 BT112 BT182 BT248 Perentge of ells VO MDA-MB-6 HCC38 CAL51 Perentge of ells * * * VO Supplementry Figure 7 Response of ptient-derived gliolstom tumorinititing ells nd humn triple-negtive rest ner ells to tretment. The indited ell lines were treted with vehile only (VO) or with 1 μm for 48 hr., Cells were stined for Annexin V nd nlyzed y flow ytometry. Shown re perentges of poptoti (Annexin V + ) ells, men ± s.d. of n=3 independent experiments. nd, gliolstom () nd rest ner ells () were pulsed with BrdU, stined with n nti-brdu ntiody nd propidium iodide nd nlyzed y flow ytometry. Shown re perentges of ells in the indited ell yle phses, men ± s.d. of n=3 independent experiments. Two-tiled t-tests were used (*, p <.5;, p <.1;, p <.1; NS). Soure dt n e found in Supplementry Tle Mmilln Pulishers Limited, prt of Springer Nture. All rights reserved.

8 MDA-MB-6 1 (µm) 4E Endogenous Perentge of poptoti ells E Perentge of ells G1 S G2/M vetor VO G1 S G2/M 4E mutnt HCC38 1 (µm) 4E Endogenous Perentge of poptoti ells E Perentge of ells VO 8 * G1 S G2/M G1 S G2/M vetor 4E mutnt CAL51 1 (µm) 3E Endogenous Perentge of poptoti ells * * 3E Perentge of ells G1 S G2/M vetor VO G1 S G2/M 3E mutnt Supplementry Figure 8 Anlyses of humn triple-negtive rest ner ell lines etopilly expressing phosphomimiking or mutnts., MDA-MB-6 ells were engineered to etopilly express Flg-tgged mutnt ontining phospho-mimiking glutmi id sustitutions within ll four ylin E-CDK2-dependent phosphoresidues ( 4E). Left pnel, ells were treted with vehile only () or with 1 μm (1) for 48 hr. Protein lystes were immunolotted for 4E (using n nti- Flg ntiody) or for the endogenous. served s loding ontrol. Note tht 4E mutnt ws resistnt to tretment, i.e. its levels did not derese upon tretment of ells with the inhiitor, in ontrst to the endogenous. Middle pnel, ells stly expressing 4E, or ontrol ells trnsdued with n empty vetor () were treted with vehile only (VO) or with 1 μm for 48 hr, stined for Annexin V nd nlyzed y flow ytometry. Shown re perentges of poptoti (Annexin V + ) ells, men ± s.d. of n=3 independent experiments. Right pnel, ells stly expressing 4E, or ontrol ells trnsdued with n empty vetor ( vetor) were treted with s ove, pulsed with BrdU, stined with n nti-brdu ntiody nd propidium iodide nd nlyzed y flow ytometry. Shown re men ± s.d. of n=3 independent experiments. Note tht expression of 4E did not ffet the poptoti nd ell yle response of MDA-MB-6 ells to (lso ompre with Supplementry Fig. 7, )., Similr nlysis s in using humn triple-negtive rest ner ell line HCC38 engineered to etopilly express 4E mutnt. Shown re men ± s.d. of n=3 independent experiments., Similr nlysis s in using humn triple-negtive rest ner ell line CAL51 engineered to etopilly express Flg-tgged mutnt ontining phospho-mimiking glutmi id sustitutions within ll three ylin E-CDK2-dependent phosphoresidues ( 3E). Shown re men ± s.d. of n=3 independent experiments. Two-tiled t-tests were used (*, p <.5;, p <.1;, p <.1). Soure dt n e found in Supplementry Tle 5. Western lots shown re representtives of n=3 independent experiments Mmilln Pulishers Limited, prt of Springer Nture. All rights reserved.

9 Fig. 3 Fig. 3d Fig. 3e Cylin E1 17 Cylin D1 Cylin D2 Cylin D3 17 Supplementry Figure 9 Unproessed originl sns of lots Mmilln Pulishers Limited, prt of Springer Nture. All rights reserved.

10 Fig. 7 Fig E-CDK2 D3-CDK Uiquitin Fig. 7d Supplementry Figure 9 Continued Mmilln Pulishers Limited, prt of Springer Nture. All rights reserved.

11 17 11 Fig. 7e p-s/t-p MPM2 Pin1 IgG hevy hin 17 Fig. 7f p-s/t-p MPM2 Pin1 IgG hevy hin Fig. 7f p-s/t-p MPM2 Pin1 IgG hevy hin Supplementry Figure 9 Continued Mmilln Pulishers Limited, prt of Springer Nture. All rights reserved.

12 Fig. 8 Fig. 8 J1 V6.5 BT74 BT112 BT182 BT248 Fig. 8e Fig. 8f MDA-MB-6 HCC38 Supplementry Figure 9 Continued Mmilln Pulishers Limited, prt of Springer Nture. All rights reserved.

13 Supplementry Tle Legends Supplementry Tle 1 Antiody informtion. Supplementry Tle 2 Sequenes of PCR primers. Supplementry Tle 3 Comprisons of trnsript undne etween nd ES ells. The Tle hs three sheets. The first sheet ( vs ) ompres the undne of the indited trnsripts etween nd ES ells. Columns list: (A) gene ID (from UCSC hg19 referene); (B) men normlized ounts (semen); (C) log 2 fold hnge; (D) the stndrd error of the log 2 fold hnge (lfse); (E) the log 2 fold hnge divided y lfse (stt); (F) two-tiled p-vlue otined using the Wld test; (G) djusted p-vlue (Benjmini-Hoherg test). DESeq2 performs independent filtering y defult using the men of normlized ounts s filter sttisti. The djusted p-vlues for the genes whih do not pss the filter threshold re mrked s NA (suh s Prg3). Genes upregulted t lest 4-fold in re highlighted in red, genes downregulted t lest 4-fold in re highlighted in lue. The seond sheet lists genes upregulted t lest 4-fold in. Trophetoderml/tropholst genes re mrked in olumn (H), nd referenes listed in olumn (I). The third sheet lists genes downregulted t lest 4-fold in. Supplementry Tle 4 Mpping of ylin E-CDK2-dependent phosphosites on, nd. Supplementry Tle 5 Sttistis soure dt Mmilln Pulishers Limited, prt of Springer Nture. All rights reserved.

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