Reflections on Camelina from the Far East (of Canada) NSAC

Transcription

1 Reflections on Camelina from the Far East (of Canada) Claude Caldwell, Pan Xue and Li Jili NSAC

2 Contents 1.Nitrogen 2.Seeding rate 3.Germplasm 4.Downy mildew 5.Feeding fish 6.Conclusions

3 I. Nitrogen, Seeding Rate and Variety Evaluation for Camelina sativa across Canada

4 Site Comparison SK Precipitation GDD PEI NS

5 Precipitation NS 08 PEI 08 SK 08 Calendar Precipitation (mm)

6 GDD Value GDD SK 08 PEI 08 NS Calendar

7 Nitrogen Response Study 1 Increasing the nitrogen rate significantly increased the seed yield in all three sites 2 Protein content increased while oil content decreased with the increasing nitrogen rate 3 To achieve potential yield, camelina required 125 kg N/ha in NS and PEI, but 100 kg N/ha in SK

8 Correlation between seed yield and nitrogen rate Seed Yield (kg/ha) Variable 08NS (R-Sq 98%) 08PEI (R-Sq 97.1%) 08SK (R-Sq 97.5%) 09NS (R-Sq 95.5%) N Rate (kg/ha)

9 Inverse relationship between oil and protein content S R-Sq 86.8% R-Sq(adj) 86.4% 42 Oil content (%) Protein content (%)

10 Seeding Rate Study 1 Camelina seed yield was highly correlated to seeding rate and plant stand 2 Seeding rate affected plant height and yield components (branches/plant and pods/plant) 3 No significant effect on seed oil and protein content

11 Correlation between seed yield and seeding rate 2500 Seed Yield (Kg/ha) Variable NS08 (R-Sq 97.4%) NS09 (R-Sq 94.8%) PEI08 (R-Sq 96.4%) SK08 (R-Sq 99.3%) Seeding Rate (seeds/m2) The optimum seeding rate is 400, 800 and 200 seeds/m 2 in NS, PEI and SK, respectively

12 Correlation between seed yield and plant stand 2500 Seed Yield (kg/ha) Variable NS 08 (R-Sq 90.4%) NS 09 (R-Sq 97.6%) PEI 08 (R-Sq 97.8%) SK 08 (R-Sq 99%) Plant stand (plants/m2)

13 Variety Evaluation 1 2 Large variations in maturity, seed yield, seed oil and protein and several fatty acids were observed Potential sources of genes for developing improved camelina were found 3 More accessions should be investigated to identify more positive agronomic traits

14 Examples of Potential Sources of Genes CN30475 (High downy mildew resistance) Calena (High yield) CN (High linolenic acid) Gene Source CN (earliness) SRS933 (High protein content) CN30476 (High oil content)

15 Downy Mildew

16 (3) disease reaction to PEI isolate: Disease Index of 11 Camelina Genotypes (PEI isolate) a ab abc bc bc c c c d d Disease Index 10 0 Calena CN SRS933 CN CN CN CN30479 CN CN30476 CN30475 CN30478 Genotype e

17 Calena and CN are the most susceptible genotypes, CN30478 and CN30475 are the most resistant. Ranking of others varies but, in general, they are intermediate

18 Figure 1: SEM images (A) A non-germinated conidium (4 hours PI). (B) A germinated conidium with a germ tube and an appressorium (8 hours PI). (C) A flattened conidium with an appressorium (8 hours PI). (D) A flattened conidium with a flattened germ tube (24 hours PI). (E) Conidiophore bearing mature conidia (1 week PI). (F) A conidiophore growing out of a stoma (1 week PI). (co=conidium; st=stoma; gt=germ tube; a=appressorium; cp=conidiophore)

19 Tested 4 fungicides on 4 camelinas: Dithane DG (mancozeb; protectant fungicide) Bravo 500 (chlorothalonil; protectant fungicide) Tanos 50 DF (famoxadone/cymoxanil; systemic fungicide) Tattoo C (propamocarb/chlorothalonil; systemic fungicide)

20 None of the four fungicides had any significant impact on disease severity Only genotype had an effect

21 Trout Feeding Study (With D Anderson) Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Rearing system Experimental Diets 1. Five iso-caloric, iso-nitrogenous diets 2. The inclusion rate of camelina meal were 0%, 4%, 8%, 12% and 16% Camelina meal

22 Weight Gain for 16 Weeks Weight Gain (g) a b b c b a a b b c a a a a a a a a a a CM 4% CM 8% CM 12% CM 16% CM Month

23 Trout feeding conclusions 1 The weight gain did not differ in the fish fed with different diets 2 Camelina meal has potential to replace substantial levels (up to 16%) of fish meal in diets for rainbow trout without compromising performance

24 Summary Camelina cultivar selection, applied N and seeding rates are important variables in achieving optimum yield and quality performance. None of the tested foliar fungicides controlled downy mildew; resistant genotypes are promising. Camelina meal has potential to replace substantial levels of fish meal for salmonids. Overall, the crop grew successfully across diverse environments; cross-canada adaptation is promising.

25 Acknowledgements Financial support from: Linnaeus Plant Sciences Inc., through the Agricultural Bioproducts Innovation Program Industrial Oil Seeds Network Nova Scotia Technology Development Programme Graduate students: Pan Xue and Li Jili Kevin Falk, Eric Johnson et al

26 QUESTIONS?