Veterinary Medicine TABLE 6 BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS IN VETERINARY MEDICINE FOOD PRODUCTION TABLE 7 FOOD PRODUCTION APPLICATIONS OF

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1 INTRODUCTION... XX STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES... XX REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY... XX CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM... XXI SCOPE AND FORMAT... XXI METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES... XXII ANALYST CREDENTIALS... XXII RELATED BCC, INC. RESEARCH... XXIII BCC ONLINE SERVICES... XXIII DISCLAIMER... XXIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... XXIV SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOSENSORS AND OTHER BIOELECTRONICS, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS)... XXIV SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOSENSORS AND OTHER BIOELECTRONICS, ($ BILLIONS)... XXIV OVERVIEW... 1 DEFINITIONS... 1 BIOSENSORS... 1 BIOELECTRONICS... 1 BRIEF HISTORY OF BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS... 2 ADVANTAGES OF BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS... 3 APPLICATIONS OF BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS... 4 TABLE 1 BIOSENSOR AND OTHER BIOELECTRONICS APPLICATION AREAS... 4 BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES... 5 TABLE 2 BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES APPLICATIONS OF BIOSENSORS... 5 Self-Monitoring... 6 TABLE 3 MAJOR MEDICAL SELF-MONITORING APPLICATIONS OF BIOSENSORS... 6 Glucose Testing... 6 Lactic Acid and Other Tests... 7 Point of Care (POC) Diagnostics... 7 TABLE 4 POC BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS... 7 TABLE 4 (CONTINUED)... 8 Continuous Medical Monitoring... 9 Drug Delivery... 9 Drug Development Life Sciences Research TABLE 5 LIFE SCIENCES RESEARCH APPLICATIONS OF BIOSENSORS Proteomics Genomics Microbiology Toxicology Oncology Other Medical Research Applications... 14

2 Veterinary Medicine TABLE 6 BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS IN VETERINARY MEDICINE FOOD PRODUCTION TABLE 7 FOOD PRODUCTION APPLICATIONS OF BIOSENSORS Measuring Ripeness Contaminant/Pathogen Detection Process/Quality Control Detection of Genetically Modified Organisms in Food MILITARY/HOMELAND SECURITY Military Applications Homeland Security TABLE 8 HOMELAND SECURITY ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY CURRENT/RECENT BIOSENSOR PROJECTS FORENSICS DNA Identification ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION Environmental monitoring and Remediation (Continued) COMPUTING TABLE 9 BIOCOMPUTING APPLICATIONS Data Processing Molecular Memory ENERGY OTHER APPLICATIONS Imaging DEVICE TYPES BIOSENSORS TABLE 10 COMMON BIOMOELCULE/TRANSDUCER COMBINATIONS Enzyme Biosensors Description Applications TABLE 11 ENZYME BIOSENSORS BY TARGET ANALYTE Aspartame Choline Creatinine Ethanol Formaldehyde Glucose Glutamine Glycerol Hypoxanthine Lactic Acid Monitoring Nitrite Penicillin Phenol Urea Technologies... 30

3 TABLE 12 GLUCOSE ENZYME BIOSENSOR TECHNOLOGIES Enzyme/Electrochemical Sensing FIGURE 1 GLUCOSE ENZYME/ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Enzyme/Piezoelectric Sensing Enzyme/Optical Sensing Patent Analysis Enzyme Biosensors FIGURE 2 ENZYME BIOSENSOR PATENTS BY TARGET SUBSTANCE, SINCE 1976 (%) FIGURE 2 (CONTINUED) FIGURE 3 ENZYME BIOSENSOR PATENT APPLICATIONS BY TARGET SUBSTANCE, SINCE 1976 (%) FIGURE 3 (CONTINUED) TABLE 13 MAJOR ENZYME BIOSENSOR PATENT AND PATENT APPLICATION HOLDERS, SINCE FIGURE 4 MAJOR ENZYME BIOSENSOR PATENT AND PATENT APPLICATION HOLDERS, PERCENT SHARE, SINCE 1976 (%) Glucose Biosensors FIGURE 5 GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR PATENT TECHNOLOGY SHARES, SINCE 1976 (%) FIGURE 6 GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR PATENT APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY SHARES, SINCE 1976 (%) FIGURE 7 GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR PATENT HOLDERS, SINCE 1976 (%) FIGURE 8 GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR PATENT APPLICATIONS BY APPLICANT, SINCE 1976 (%) Lactate Biosensor Patents FIGURE 9 LACTATE BIOSENSOR PATENT HOLDERS, SINCE 1976 (%) FIGURE 10 LACTATE BIOSENSOR PATENTS BY TYPE OF SENSOR, SINCE 1976 (%) Enzyme Biosensor Manufacturers TABLE 14 GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR MANUFACTURERS TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) FIGURE 11 GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR MARKET SHARES, FIGURE 11 (CONTINUED) Affinity Biosensors Antibody and Other Protein Biosensors Description FIGURE 12 ANTIBODY BIOSENSOR PRINCIPLES Applications Medical Research Clinical Medicine TABLE 15 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF PROTEIN MICROARRAYS Oncology Drug Discovery Food Processing Environmental Monitoring TABLE 16 ANTIBODY BIOSENSORS BY TARGET ANTIGEN Forensics... 51

4 Technologies Single-Site-Biosensors vs. Microarrays Electrochemical Transducers Piezoelectric Transducers Optical Transducers Magnetic Transducers Patent Analysis TABLE 17 SINGLE SAMPLE AND MULTIARRAY ANTIBODY BIOSENSOR PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS, SINCE FIGURE 13 ANTIBODY BIOSENSOR PATENT AND PATENT APPLICATIONS, SINGLE SAMPLE VS. MULTIARRAY SHARES, SINCE 1976 (%) FIGURE 14 ANTIBODY BIOSENSOR PATENT AND PATENT APPLICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SHARES, SINCE 1976 (%) TABLE 18 ANTIBODY BIOSENSOR PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATION BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, SINCE FIGURE 15 OPTICAL ANTIBODY BIOSENSOR PATENT AND PATENT APPLICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SHARES, SINCE 1976 (%) TABLE 19 OPTICAL ANTIBODY BIOSENSOR PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATION BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, SINCE FIGURE 16 ANTIBODY BIOSENSOR PATENT AND PATENT APPLICATIONS, SHARES BY TYPE OF PATENT HOLDER, SINCE 1976 (%) TABLE 20 ANTIBODY BIOSENSOR PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATION HOLDERS, SINCE Manufacturers TABLE 21 COMMERCIAL SUPPLIERS OF ANTIBODY BIOSENSOR SYSTEMS AND SUPPLIES FIGURE 17 PROTEIN BIOSENSOR MARKET SHARES, 2003 (%) DNA Biosensors Description Applications Genomics Diagnosis of Cancer and Other Diseases Drug Discovery Food Quality Assurance Public Health Military/Homeland Defense Forensics Technologies Microarrays vs. Single-Site Sensors Optical Transducers Label-Using Technologies Label-Free Optical Technologies Radioactive Transducers Electrochemical Transducers Electrochemical (Continued) Piezoelectric Magnetic Patents... 72

5 TABLE 22 SINGLE SAMPLE AND MULTIARRAY DNA BIOSENSOR PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS, SINCE FIGURE 18 DNA BIOSENSOR PATENT AND PATENT APPLICATION SHARES FOR SINGLE SAMPLE VS. MICROARRAY, SINCE 1976 (%) TABLE 23 DNA BIOSENSOR PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATION BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, SINCE FIGURE 19 DNA PATENT AND PATENT APPLICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SHARES, SINCE 1976 (%) TABLE 24 OPTICAL DNA BIOSENSOR PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATION BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, SINCE FIGURE 20 OPTICAL DNA BIOSENSOR PATENT AND PATENT APPLICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SHARES, SINCE 1976 (%) TABLE 25 DNA BIOSENSOR PATENTS HOLDERS, SINCE FIGURE 21 DNA BIOSENSOR PATENT SHARES BY TYPE OF PATENT HOLDER, SINCE 1976 (%) TABLE 26 PARTIAL LIST OF DNA BIOSENSOR PATENT APPLICANTS, SINCE Manufacturers TABLE 27 DNA BIOSENSOR MANUFACTURERS TABLE 27 (CONTINUED) FIGURE 22 DNA MICROARRAY MARKET SHARES, 2003 (%) FIGURE 22 (CONTINUED) Tissue-Based Biosensors Description Applications Technologies TABLE 28 MAJOR TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPMENT OF TISSUE-BASED SENSORS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TABLE 28 (CONTINUED) Patents TABLE 29 TISSUE-BASED BIOSENSOR PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS TABLE 29 (CONTINUED) Manufacturers TABLE 30 COMPANIES WITH TISSUE BIOSENSOR R&D ACTIVITES Microorganism-Based Biosensors Description Applications Technologies Microbial Respiration Biological Oxygen Demand Genetically Engineered Organisms Patents TABLE 31 MICROORGANISM-BASED BIOSENSOR PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS TABLE 31 (CONTINUED) Manufacturers OTHER BIOLECTRONIC DEVICES Biocomputing Devices DNA Computers... 87

6 Description Applications Technology DNA Test Tube Computer DNA Logic Gates DNA Microchips DNA-Based Nanocomputers Patents Manufacturers Protein Memory Description Applications Technology Patents TABLE 32 BACTERORHODOPSIN MEMORY PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS Manufacturers TABLE 33 BIORHDOPSIN PRODUCERS Energy Biofuel Cells Description Applications Technologies Microbial-Based Fuel Cells Discrete Microbial Bioreactors Producing Hydrogen for Conventional Fuel Cells Integrated Microbial Bioreactors in the Anodic Compartment of Fuel Cells Microbial-Based Fuel Cells with Artificial Electron Relays Enzymatic Biofuel Cells Anodes Based on Enzyme-Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions Cathodes Based on Enzyme-Catalyzed Reduction Reactions Layered Enzyme Electrodes Ethanol-Based Biofuel Cell Patents TABLE 34 BIOFUEL CELL PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATION BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, SINCE FIGURE 23 BIOFUEL CELL PATENT AND PATENT APPLICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SHARES, SINCE 1976 (%) Manufacturers Bio-Solar Cells Description

7 Technology Applications Patents Manufacturers BIOSENSOR AND BIOELECTRONICS MARKET SUMMARY TABLE 35 GLOBAL SALES OF BIOSENSORS AND OTHER BIOELECTRONICS, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS) FIGURE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOSENSORS AND OTHER BIOELECTRONICS, ($ BILLIONS) DETAILED MARKET ESTIMATES AND PROJECTIONS MARKET BY TYPE OF DEVICE Biosensors FIGURE 25 SHARE OF MARKETS SEGMENTS IN THE GLOBAL BIOSENSOR MARKET, 2003 AND 2009 (%) TABLE 36 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOSENSORS BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS) Catalytic Biosensors Historical Sales FIGURE 26 CATALYTIC BIOSENSOR SUBSEGMENTS, 2003 (PERCENT OF GLOBAL CATALYTIC BIOSENSOR SALES) (%) Market Drivers Glucose Self-Testing Kits At-Risk Populations TABLE 37 INCIDENCE OF DIABETES AMONG DIFFERENT U.S. AGE GROUPS TABLE 38 TRENDS IN U.S. POPULATION OVER 45 YEAR OF AGES, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS) Incidence of Diabetes TABLE 39 PROJECTED GROWTH IN POPULATION WITH DIABETES, New Products and Testing Technologies New Products and (Continued) Point of Care/Critical Care Monitoring Devices TABLE 40 TRENDS IN SALES OF ALL TYPES OF CRITICAL CARE PATIENT MONITORING DEVICES IN THE U.S., THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS) Projected Sales TABLE 41 GLOBAL SALES OF CATALYTIC BIOSENSORS BY TYPE, THROUGH Glucose Biosensors FIGURE 27 GLOBAL GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR SALES BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 2009 (%) TABLE 42 GLOBAL SALES OF GLUCOSE BIOSENSORS, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS) FIGURE 28 GLOBAL MARKET FOR IMPLANTABLE GLUCOSE SENSOR SALES BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 2009 (%) Other Catalytic Biosensors Antibody and Other Protein Biosensors

8 Historical Sales FIGURE 29 PROTEIN BIOSENSOR SUBSEGMENTS, 2003 (PERCENT OF GLOBAL PROTEIN BIOSENSOR SALES) (%) FIGURE 30 SALES OF PROTEIN BIOSENSORS BY APPLICATION, 2003 (PERCENT OF GLOBAL PROTEIN BIOSENSOR SALES) FIGURE 31 SALES OF PROTEIN BIOSENSORS BY TRANSDUCER TECHNOLOGY, 2003 (PERCENT OF GLOBAL PROTEIN BIOSENSOR SALES) Market Drivers Proteomics-Related Equipment Expenditures Wastewater Treatment Market TABLE 43 GLOBAL SALES OF ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS) FIGURE 32 TRENDS IN GLOBAL ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES, ($ BILLONS) Food Quality Testing Equipment Expenditures TABLE 44 U.S. SALES OF FOOD TESTING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS) FIGURE 33 TRENDS IN U.S. MARKET FOR FOOD TESTING EQUIPMENT, ($ BILLIONS) Projected Sales TABLE 45 GLOBAL SALES OF ANTIBODY-BASED BIOSENSORS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS) DNA Biosensors Historical Sales FIGURE 34 SALES OF DNA BIOSENSORS BY TRANSDUCER TECHNOLOGY, 2003 (PERCENT OF GLOBAL DNA BIOSENSOR SALES) FIGURE 35 DNA BIOSENSORS BY APPLICATION, 2003 (PERCENT OF GLOBAL DNA BIOSENSOR SALES) (%) Market Drivers Genomics-Related Product Expenditures TABLE 46 GLOBAL SALES OF GENOMIC-BASED PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS) FIGURE 36 TRENDS IN GLOBAL MARKET FOR GENOMIC-BASED PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, ($ BILLIONS) Forensic Testing Market TABLE 47 U.S. SALES OF FORENSIC TESTING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS) FIGURE 37 TRENDS IN U.S. MARKET FOR FORENSIC TESTING EQUIPMENT, ($ BILLIONS) Wastewater Treatment Market Food Quality Testing Equipment Expenditures Projected Sales TABLE 48 GLOBAL SALES OF DNA-BASED BIOSENSORS BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS) Microorganism-Based Biosensors

9 Historical Sales Market Drivers TABLE 49 GLOBAL SALES OF ADVANCED POTABLE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS) FIGURE 38 TRENDS IN GLOBAL MARKET FOR ADVANCED POTABLE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES, ($ BILLIONS) Projected Sales TABLE 50 GLOBAL SALES OF MICROORGANISM-BASED BIOSENSORS, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS) Tissue-Based Biosensors Bioelectronics TABLE 51 GLOBAL MARKET FOR OTHER BIOELECTRONIC DEVICES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS) Protein Memory Historical Sales Market Drivers Market for High Density/High Access Speed Data Storage TABLE 52 GLOBAL ULTRAHIGH-DENSITY OPTICAL MEMORY SALES, ($ BILLIONS) FIGURE 39 TRENDS IN SALES OF ULTRAHIGH-DENSITY OPTICAL MEMORY DEVICES, ($ BILLIONS) Competing Data Storage Technologies Projected Market TABLE 53 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PROTEIN MEMORY DEVICE SALES, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS) Biofuel Cells Historical Sales Market Drivers Projected Sales TABLE 54 GLOBAL SALES OF BIOFUEL CELLS, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS) Bio-Solar Cells Historical Sales Market Drivers TABLE 55 GLOBAL PHOTOVOLTAIC MATERIAL SALES, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS) FIGURE 40 GLOBAL SALES OF PHOTOVOLTAIC MATERIALS, ($ BILLIONS) Projected Sales TABLE 56 GLOBAL BIO-SOLAR CELL SALES, THROUGH 2009 ($ BILLIONS) MARKET BY APPLICATION AREA FIGURE 41 GLOBAL BIOSENSOR AND BIOELECTRONICS APPLICATION AREA PERCENTAGE SHARES, 2003 AND TABLE 57 GLOBAL BIOSENSOR AND BIOELECTRONICS SALES BY APPLICATION AREA, 2003 AND 2009 ($ MILLIONS) LONG-TERM MARKET OUTLOOK FOR BIOSENSORS AND OTHER BIOELECTRONICS LONG-TERM MARKET OUTLOOK (CONTINUED)

10 COMPANY PROFILES ABAXIS, INC TABLE 58 ABAXIS, INC. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA, ABBOTT LABORATORIES, INC TABLE 59 ABBOTT LABORATORIES, INC. SALES OF DIAGNOSTIC PRODUCTS, ABMETRIX, INC ACLARA BIOSCIENCES, INC TABLE 60 ACLARA LIFE SCIENCES SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA, ($ MILLIONS) AFFYMETRIX, INC TABLE 61 AFFYMETRIX INC. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA, ($ MILLIONS) AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES AMERSHAM BIOSCIENCES, INC APPLIED BIOSYSTEMS GROUP AXON INSTRUMENTS/MOLECULAR DEVICES CORP BAYER DIAGNOSTICS BECKMAN COULTER INC TABLE 62 BECKMAN COULTER, INC. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA, BECTON DICKINSON & CO TABLE 63 BECTON DICKINSON & CO. CLINICAL LABORATORY SOLUTIONS SEGMENT REVENUES, ($ MILLIONS) BIACORE INTERNATIONAL SA BIOFOLD INC CALIPER LIFE SCIENCES INC TABLE 64 CALIPER LIFE SCIENCES INC. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA, ($ MILLIONS) CAMBRIDGE LIFE SCIENCES LTD CEPHEID THERAPEUTICS CIPHERGEN, INC COMBIMATRIX CORP CYGNUS, INC TABLE 65 CYGNUS INC. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA, ($ MILLIONS) DADE BEHRING INC TABLE 66 DADE BEHRING SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA, ($ MILLIONS) DUPONT BIOSENSOR MATERIALS EDENSPACE SYSTEMS CORP ENZO LIFE SCIENCES EUROGENTEC FEBIT AG FLUIDIGM CORP GENEOHM SCIENCES, INC GENETIX LIMITED GENISPHERE INC

11 GESELLSCHAFT FUR ENTWICKLUNG UND HERSTELLUNG BIOELEKTROCHEMISCHER SENSOREN MBH HOME DIAGNOSTICS INC HYPROMATRIX INC IBIS THERAPEUTICS INFRAMAT CORP INTEGRATED NANO-TECHNOLOGIES, LLC INVITROGEN CORP LIFESCAN, INC LIFEPOINT INC M-BIOTECH, INC MEDTRONIC MINIMED MERCK BIOSCIENCES MICRONICS, INC MOTOROLA, INC MUNICH INNOVATIVE BIOMATERIALS GMBH NANOGEN, INC NIMBLEGEN SYSTEMS, INC ORCHID BIOSCIENCES, INC TABLE 67 ORCHID BIOSCIENCES INC. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA, ($ MILLIONS) PARATEC NEW TECHNOLOGIES LTD PERKINELMER, INC POWERZYME, INC QUESTSTAR MEDICAL, INC ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS TABLE 68 ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS SALES BY BUSINESS SEGMENT SEAHAWK BIOSYSTEMS INC SEQUENOM INC SIGMA-ALDRICH CORP STRATEGIC DIAGNOSTICS, INC TELECHEM INTERNATIONAL/ARRAYIT DIVISION TOSHIBA CORP VYSIS, INC XANTEC BIOANALYTICS GMBH XENOPORE CORP XEOTRON CORPORATION YSI, INC ZYOMYX, INC

POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS

POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS BIO087B March 2014 Jackson Highsmith Project Analyst ISBN: 1-56965-742-4 BCC Research 49 Walnut Park, Building 2 Wellesley, MA 02481 USA