Report from NIST. Heather Chen-Mayer (for Lisa Karam, Chief) Radiation Physics Division Physical Measurement Laboratory NIST Gaithersburg, MD

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1 Report from NIST Heather Chen-Mayer (for Lisa Karam, Chief) Radiation Physics Division Physical Measurement Laboratory NIST Gaithersburg, MD Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA) Annual Meeting May 14-15, 2013 Lansdowne Resort, VA NIST Laboratories 1

NIST Participations in QIBA technical committees Charles Clark Alden A.

Heather Chen-Mayer Alden A. Dima James J. Filliben Zachary H.

Zimmerman PML ITL MML (Boulder) Michael Boss Charles Clark Ron B.

Fick Sheng Lin-Gibson Ronald Tosh NIST MRI Phantoms Stephen Russek,

Electromagnetics Division, PML, NIST, Boulder CO NIST/ISMRM system

testing prototype Medical device heating phantom (NIST, FDA): testing

phase Nanoironphantom: testing prototype System phantom: assess scanner

2 NIST Participations in QIBA technical committees Charles Clark Alden A. Dima John Lu Charles Fenimore (retired Jan 2013) H. Heather Chen-Mayer Alden A. Dima James J. Filliben Zachary H. Levine Brian E. Zimmerman PML ITL MML (Boulder) Michael Boss Charles Clark Ron B. Goldfarb Michael Kelley Stephen Russek Steven E. Fick Sheng Lin-Gibson Ronald Tosh NIST MRI Phantoms Stephen Russek, Michael Boss, Robert Usselman, Katy Keenan, Karl Stupic Magnetics Group, Electromagnetics Division, PML, NIST, Boulder CO NIST/ISMRM system phantom: in production Isotropic diffusion phantom (NIST, RSNA, NCI): testing prototype Medical device heating phantom (NIST, FDA): testing prototype Breast phantom for ACRIN ispy 2 clinical trial: in design phase Nanoironphantom: testing prototype System phantom: assess scanner accuracy and stability; determine accuracy of quantitative T1, T2 protocols Nanoiron phantom: quantify MR signature of brain iron Thermal imaging phantom: map heating near hip implant during MRI 2

QIBA Volumetric Study 1C Evaluating CT Interscanner Effects in Clinician Sizing of Synthetic Nodules Charles Fenimore Presentation at the RSNA 2012 Annual Meeting, SSG15-01 Coauthors: Michael

Boedeker, BaiyuChen, Ganesh Saiprasad, Andrew J. Buckler Imaging Protocol: phantom design, imaging devices/sites, settings (two arms: ACRIN 6678 & Device Independent Quality).

spiculated, 5 mm Nodule 5 - spiculated, 10 mm Nodule 6 - spiculated, 20 mm Analyze bias and uncertainty of sizing measures for 7 scanners; 2 imaging protocol arms; 6 nodule shape and size; 7

and Pivotal studies completed Clinical data study started Phantom nodule inserted in anthropomorphic thoracic phantom spi= spiculatednodule, sph= spherical nodule, lob = lobulated nodule, irr=

3 QIBA Volumetric Study 1C Evaluating CT Interscanner Effects in Clinician Sizing of Synthetic Nodules Charles Fenimore Presentation at the RSNA 2012 Annual Meeting, SSG15-01 Coauthors: Michael McNitt-Gray, John Lu, Grace KimMD, David A. Clunie, MariosA. Gavrielides, Nicholas Petrick, EhsanSamei, Heather Chen-Mayer, Joseph Jen-ShoChen, Kirsten L. Boedeker, BaiyuChen, Ganesh Saiprasad, Andrew J. Buckler Imaging Protocol: phantom design, imaging devices/sites, settings (two arms: ACRIN 6678 & Device Independent Quality). Phantoms: FDA anthropomorphic thorax NIST pocket Percent Relative Bias in volume all nodules Nodule 1 - spherical, 5 mm Nodule 2 - spherical, 10 mm Nodule 3 - spherical, 20 mm Nodule 4 - spiculated, 5 mm Nodule 5 - spiculated, 10 mm Nodule 6 - spiculated, 20 mm Analyze bias and uncertainty of sizing measures for 7 scanners; 2 imaging protocol arms; 6 nodule shape and size; 7 readers QIBA Volumetric Study 3A Alden Dima, Adele Peskin, Ganesh Saiprasad, John Lu Technical Summary Estimate algorithm variability by the volume estimation from CT scans Phantom-based Pilot and Pivotal studies completed Clinical data study started Phantom nodule inserted in anthropomorphic thoracic phantom spi= spiculatednodule, sph= spherical nodule, lob = lobulated nodule, irr= irregular nodule, ell = elliptical nodule Percent errors for each factor in the QIBA 3A Pivotal study with the group average shown by the solid line. The mean (±SD) of absolute percent error across participants was 13.8%(±20). qiqiba_2012_ct_volumetry_qiba_rsna.pdf 3

Calibration of large volume solid 68 Ge PET phantoms Brian Zimmerman, John Sunderland (U.

uncertainty ~1 % PET-CT scan of one of the two solid 68 Ge 12000 Relative SD in slices 10-38 = 0.6 % phantom prototypes, 10000 showing degree of axial uniformity obtained 8000 from the image.

C/ counts Calibration of mock 131 I sources for SPECT for international image quantification comparison Brian Zimmerman, IAEA, Keith Allberg(RadQual, LLC) Project sponsored by the IAEA for improving

4 Calibration of large volume solid 68 Ge PET phantoms Brian Zimmerman, John Sunderland (U. Iowa), Keith Allberg(RadQual, LLC) Development of methodology to calibrate activity concentration of 68 Ge in a large volume solid PET phantom Two prototypes constructed and calibrated; standard uncertainty ~1 % PET-CT scan of one of the two solid 68 Ge Relative SD in slices = 0.6 % phantom prototypes, showing degree of axial uniformity obtained 8000 from the image. The TypicalSD per slice ~3 % 6000 lower-level estimate of the uniformity from the 4000 calibration procedure 2000 was 0.3 %. The small object to the right is a Ge standard solution Slice # used for checking scanner calibration factors. C/ counts Calibration of mock 131 I sources for SPECT for international image quantification comparison Brian Zimmerman, IAEA, Keith Allberg(RadQual, LLC) Project sponsored by the IAEA for improving quantitative imaging for internal dosimetry Set of 4 solid 133 Ba (as surrogate for 131 I) sources calibrated and distributed to 12 clinical sites around the world R(A i /A NIST ) Ba Prelim SPECT Activity Results Set 3 Set 6 Set 8 Set V/ ml Preliminary results of international image quantification comparison, showing the ratio of the respondents values for the activity concentration to the NIST calibrated value for each of the four sources. Analysis is not yet complete, but it supposed that the two groupings of data are due to whether the data are normalized by the participant to either 133 Ba or 131 I. 4

CT Length Reference Standard SRM 2087: 18 balls in 6 layers SI traceable 6.35 mm dia. +0.

Z Levine, S Grantham, NIST Fixture from LEGO Technic parts, accurate to 0.01 mm Three experiments agree to better than 0.

28 um pixels Medical CT Cornell Medical School (D Yankelevitz, A Reeves) Lung CT reference standard Zachary Levine, Heather Chen-Mayer

traceable density certification SRM-2088 density (kg/m 3 ) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 density 0-1000 -950-900 -850-800 -750-700 -650 HU residual

5 CT Length Reference Standard SRM 2087: 18 balls in 6 layers SI traceable 6.35 mm dia mm Teflon balls Fixture absorbs x-rays like water Balls absorb x-rays like bone Coordinate Measuring Machine NIST (D Sawyer) Zachary Levine Z Levine, S Grantham, NIST Fixture from LEGO Technic parts, accurate to 0.01 mm Three experiments agree to better than 0.1 mm in positions of ball centers MicroCT, Micro Photonics, Inc. 28 um pixels Medical CT Cornell Medical School (D Yankelevitz, A Reeves) Lung CT reference standard Zachary Levine, Heather Chen-Mayer Development of lung density reference standard (SRM 2088) 5-denisty foam suite corresponding to the range of lung densities calibrated with SI traceable density certification SRM-2088 density (kg/m 3 ) density HU residual Density of the 200 foam blocks (a subset of which was determined by SI traceable measurements) as a function of the HU values measured in a medical CT machine (purple circle, left vertical axis); and the residuals from the mean lot density (red square, right vertical axis). 0 residual (kg/m 3 ) 5

Tissue Optical Properties Standards Jeeseong Hwang, David Allen, Maritoni Litorja Development of dimensional metrology standards for retinal optical coherence

varying oxygenation levels. Digital phantom reflectance spectra at same oxygenation levels.

characteristics of a physical blood phantom with high fidelity. Summary NIST has been with QIBA from the beginning.

6 Tissue Optical Properties Standards Jeeseong Hwang, David Allen, Maritoni Litorja Development of dimensional metrology standards for retinal optical coherence tomography Development of chemometric references (phantoms) for spectroscopic tissue oximetric imaging: DTP, HIP Reflectance spectra of physical (blood) phantom with varying oxygenation levels. Digital phantom reflectance spectra at same oxygenation levels. Axial resolution standards Reflectance spectra in (a) and (b) above are nearly identical, indicating that digital phantoms are able to reproduce the spectral characteristics of a physical blood phantom with high fidelity. Summary NIST has been with QIBA from the beginning. We hope to continue our contributions to QIBA because it fits in with our mission: NIST mission To promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life. Quantitative Imaging 6

7/21/2014. Outline. NIST s Role in Quantitative Medical Imaging. 1. Role of NIST

7/21/2014. Outline. NIST s Role in Quantitative Medical Imaging. 1. Role of NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Quantitative Imaging Initiatives Stephen Russek Project Leader: Biomagnetic Imaging Standards, NIST, Boulder, CO NIST Boulder F2 time standard NIST