Monitoring- based Commissioning: Con2nuous Performance Inves2ga2on and Evalua2on

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1 Monitoring- based Commissioning: Con2nuous Performance Inves2ga2on and Evalua2on Jessica Granderson PhD Lawrence Berkeley Na2onal Laboratory Energy Informa2on Systems and the Energy Informa-on Handbook April 12, 2012 hlp://eis.lbl.gov

2 Outline Uses of con2nuous monitoring and analysis Monitoring- based commissioning, performance monitoring tools Energy informa2on systems Defini2on, architectures, and business models Energy savings, implementa2on ques2ons, technology selec2on Energy Informa-on Handbook Overview and content introduc2on Sample analysis method walkthrough FDD and appendix details 2

3 Uses of Con2nuous Energy Monitoring and Analysis Iden2fy efficiency opportuni2es Opera2onal: scheduling, other aspects of control Capital: retrofits or upgrades Sa2sfy organiza2onal financial and environmental repor2ng requirements Quan2fy the energy and cost impact of prior efficiency measures Ensure long- term persistence of savings 3

4 Monitoring- Based Commissioning (MBCx) Monitoring- enhanced building opera2on that incorporates three components: (1) permanent energy informa2on systems (EIS) and diagnos2c tools (2) commissioning based on the informa2on from these tools and savings accoun2ng from measurement as opposed to es2ma2on or assump2ons (3) Ongoing commissioning to ensure efficient building opera2ons 4

5 Spectrum of Building Performance Monitoring Tools Meter Visualiza2on Portals Energy Tracking U2lity Tracking, Benchmarking Energy Informa2on Systems Energy Tracking Building Performance Tracking System Tracking Building Automa2on Systems Con2nuous System Op2miza2on System Tracking Fault Detec2on and Diagnos2cs 5

6 Performance Monitoring Tools U2lity tracking, benchmarking Billing data, compara2ve analysis (up/down, peers), monthly/annual frequency Whole building and por`olio focus Meter visualiza2on portals Interval meter data, minimal analysis (peak, min, avg), export capability Whole building site or submeter focus Building automa2on systems Raw 2me series data, control points, system focus Storage, trending, export capability vary Analysis layers emerging from controls vendors Data may be integrated for use in energy informa2on systems (EIS) 6

7 Performance Monitoring Tools Fault detec2on and diagnos2cs (FDD) System specific, opera2onal HVAC focus Con2nuous algorithms to automa2cally iden2fy the existence of faults and resolve their causes E.g. VAV box reheat coil stuck nearly open, fix valve posi2on Con2nuous system op2miza2on Significant system level data, 3 rd party analysis services Algorithms for fault/waste iden2fica2on + expert analysts System health, energy, and comfort op2miza2on 7

8 EIS comprise EIS Defini2on Sohware, data acq. hardware, and communica2on systems To collect, analyze and display building energy informa2on 8

9 EIS Defini2on EIS provide Web- accessible hourly whole- building electric data Graphical/visualiza2on capabili2es Automated building energy analyses EIS are NOT (only) Most Energy Management and Control Systems (EMCS) Equipment fault detec2on and diagnos2c (FDD) Energy informa2on dashboards Greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint calculators EIS may integrate useful data from EMCS/BAS Some EIS offer FDD modules Con2nuous System Op2miza2on tools may be fully- loaded EIS with analysis as a service, and links to controls 9

10 EIS Architectures and Business Models Usually SaaS, no/op2onal hardware based on client needs Services are frequently op2onal or bundled Some EIS are free, offered with energy analysis services, or to large u2lity customers Common architecture 10

11 Outline Uses of con2nuous monitoring and analysis Monitoring- based commissioning, performance monitoring tools Energy informa2on systems Defini2on, architectures, and business models Energy savings, implementa2on ques2ons, technology selec2on Energy Informa2on Handbook Overview and content introduc2on Sample analysis method walkthrough FDD and appendix details 11

12 Energy Savings EIS can enable 0-20% site energy savings depending on Ini2al performance of the building Depth and type of metering and monitoring Engagement of the user and their power to act on insights gained from the tool Data Informa2on Ac2on 12

13 Common Technology Selec2on and Implementa2on Ques2ons What data do I need, what do I do with the data, and how much will it cost? Should I invest in submetering and integra2on of BAS data? What is the best EIS in terms of features and func2onality? 13

14 Technology Selec2on and Uses Choosing the best solu2on begins with purposeful considera2on of site opera2onal and energy goals Scope the problems you wish to iden2fy Define analyses that will reveal these problems With high- certainty vs. poin2ng you in the right direc2on Iden2fy data required to perform the analyses Is it already being acquired? Are there proxies that can be used? Which tools support those analyses and associated visualiza2ons? Which are fully automated, and which require human interpreta2on? 14

15 Illustra2ve Example To prevent the 2 nd most most wasteful opera2onal fault in commercial buildings Integrate BAS data for HVAC system opera2on, run- 2me data Submeter the HVAC system and analyze energy trends Analyze 24- hour whole- building load profiles to verify aher- hours load reduc2ons, and overall peak to base load ra2os Each is valid, requires different data, analyses, and visualiza2on 15

16 Common and Best Prac2ce Depth of metering and extent of integra2on Some submetering of key or intensive systems Full end use disaggrega2on rare except in best prac2ce cases BAS integra2on in advanced implementa2ons, $$ and skill in interpre2ng the data Commissioning the tool is cri2cal Submetering and non- electric data quality 16

17 Outline Uses of con2nuous monitoring and analysis Monitoring- based commissioning, performance monitoring tools Energy informa2on systems Defini2on, architectures, and business models Energy savings, implementa2on ques2ons, technology selec2on Energy Informa2on Handbook Overview and content introduc2on Sample analysis method walkthrough FDD and appendix details 17

18 LBNL Energy Informa-on Handbook Purpose: develop a handbook detailing energy analysis and performance monitoring methods for commercial buildings Audience: building operators and energy managers, sohware developers and service providers, control companies Relevant technologies: spectrum of performance monitoring tools, from u2lity tracking, to EIS, to CCx to HVAC FDD Outcome: Web and paper- based handbook detailing ~20 analysis methods Real- world examples of the applica2on and benefits of each analysis method Please visit eis.lbl.gov to download and skim Your feedback is welcome! 18

19 Handbook Organiza2on Begins with TOC, Glossary, and IntroducCon chapter Primary content comprises three chapters of methods, each indicated by color Last chapters are Fault DetecCon and DiagnosCcs, and an Appendix with supplementary material 19

20 How to Use the Handbook Design elements to help the user navigate through the handbook, such as: Quick- search tabs to navigate within chapter Tree diagram to illustrate how current method is related to the others Icons that indicate target audience 20

21 Analysis Methods and Grouping Grouped into three categories based on shared characterisccs Organized from simpler to more technically complex 21

22 Summary Tables At- a- glance summary tables to help reader idencfy useful methods given data availability, systems of interest, level of expercse 22

23 Outline Uses of con2nuous monitoring and analysis Monitoring- based commissioning, performance monitoring tools Energy informa2on systems Defini2on, architectures, and business models Energy savings, implementa2on ques2ons, technology selec2on Energy Informa2on Handbook Overview and content introduc2on Sample analysis method walkthrough FDD and appendix details 23

24 Sample Method, Summary Page Each method begins with a summary page that includes: Purpose and use, including a summary table Icons indicacng the target audience Technical approach and a representacve image 24

25 Sample Method, Related Methods Following the summary page, related methods are presented: Shading and highlighcng to indicate relaconships with other methods in handbook DescripCon of the relaconship in short paragraph and call outs 25

26 Sample Method, Calcula2on and Programming A page dedicated to calculacon and programming: State of commercializacon Required data Step- by- step instrucconal numeric example 26

27 Sample Method, Notes and Sketches Following computacon, a page for notes and sketches 27

28 Sample Method, Applica2on Examples Wherever possible, real- world examples of how method can be applied: DescripCon of how method output is interpreted, rules of thumb Heavily annotated to support reader interpret data, draw conclusions 3-5 examples per method, illustracng different invescgacons/quescons and energy saving benefits of use 28

29 Sample Method, Applica2on Examples 29

30 Fault Detec2on and Diagnos2cs Final chapter provides topical overview of most advanced analysis concepts: FDD process, history, and maturity Manual and automated FDD ApplicaCon Examples References and technical resources 30

31 Appendix Appendix contains material for readers who wish to learn more about any method: Technical and analyccal details Use and presentacon References and technical resources 31

32 Ques2ons? 32