This is the Electric Power Grid

Transcription

1 The Smart Grid: An Introduction IEEE Section Meeting 02 September, 2010 Arlington, Virginia Prof. Saifur Rahman This is the Electric Power Grid 2 1

2 9/3/10 What Makes it Smart? Intelligence Two-way communication Real-time monitoring & control 3 Smart Grid Defini;on According to United States Department of Energy s modern grid ini;a;ve, an intelligent or a smart grid integrates advanced sensing technologies, control methods and integrated communica;ons into the current electricity grid. 4 2

3 Star;ng and End Points of the Smart Grid Power Plant From Generator to Refrigerator Transmission Network Distribution Network Individual Home/Business Major End-use Appliances 5 Poten;al of the Smart Grid Source: US DoE 3

4 Characteris*cs Today s Grid Smart Grid Enables ac;ve par;cipa;on by consumers Accommodates all genera;on and storage op;ons Enables new products, services and markets Provides power quality for the digital economy Op;mizes assets & operates efficiently An;cipates and responds to system disturbances (self- heals) Operates resiliently against auack and natural disaster Consumers are uniformed and non- par;cipa;ve with power system Dominated by central genera;on- many obstacles exist for distributed energy resources interconnec;on Limited wholesale markets, not well integrated- limited opportuni;es for consumers Focus on outages- slow response to power quality issues LiUle integra;on of opera;onal data with asset management- business process silos Responds to prevent further damage- focus is on protec;ng assets following fault Vulnerable to malicious acts of terror and natural disasters Informed, involved, and ac;ve consumers- demand response and distributed energy resources. Many distributed energy resources with plug- and- play convenience focus on renewables Mature, well- integrated wholesale markets, growth of new electricity markets for consumers Power quality is a priority with a variety of quality/price op;ons- rapid resolu;on of issues Greatly expanded data acquisi;on of grid parameters- focus on preven;on, minimizing impact to consumers Automa;cally detects and responds to problems focus on preven;on, minimizing impact to consumer Resilient to auack and natural disasters with rapid restora;on capabili;es Source: US DoE Components of the Smart Grid 4

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8 U;lity Structure vs. Smart Grid Interfaces Market / Regulatory Extranet Corporate Enterprise (ESB) Transmission Wide Area (WAN) Distribution Field Area (FAN) Load Home or Premise Area (HAN) 8

9 Integrated Communications 17 Electric Power & Communica;on Infrastructures 1.Power Infrastructure Data network Users Central Generating Station Step-Up Transformer 2. Information Infrastructure Control Center Distribution Substation Gas Turbine Receiving Station Distribution Substation Recip Engine Microturbine Distribution Substation Photo voltaics Residential Data Concentrator Recip Engine Fuel cell Commercial Cogeneration Batteries Flywheel Residential Industrial Commercial Source: EPRI 18 9

10 Today s Grid Future Grid Source: Andrew Tang, PG&E s Smart Grid Vision, April Online [Available]: %20CEC%20SmartGrid%20workshop% %20v1.pdf ZigBee HAN Digital Home Design Line %3Bjsessionid=4NSYMR40EYQKKQSNDLRCKH0CJUNN 2JVN?printableArticle=true ZigBee Network Connections Venture Beat 10

11 The SmartMeter system uses programmable solid- state meter technology that provides two- way communica;on between the meter at your home or business and the u;lity, using secure wireless network technology. The solid- state digital SmartMeter electric meter records hourly meter reads and periodically transmits the reads via a dedicated radio frequency (RF) network back to PG&E. The electric network access point collects meter data from nearby electric meters and periodically transfers this data to PG&E via a secure cellular network. Electric Network Access Point The resul;ng RF mesh network can span large distances and reliably transmit data over rough or difficult terrain. The mesh con;nually op;mizes rou;ng to ensure informa;on is passed from its source to its des;na;on as quickly and efficiently as possible. Source: GE Energy Management and Demand Response Appliances Source: 11

12 The electric power industry provides the pla\orm and the context Telecommunica;on, IT and computer industries provide the technology and so]ware to interface with the electric power network The electric power industry will require new genera;on of engineers who are versa;le in several disciplines 12

13 Thank you Prof. Saifur Rahman IEEE Elections 13