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1 !"#$%#&'(>"&*8+&,(!"#$%#&'()&*$+,"-.,( /-(0+1&(23-4"5.(!"#$%#&'(2*#.&*.( &( A<"&*8+&(+<(4(5"#$%#&'H(!"#$%&'()*+()'(,&#(')(-%&#$-.(-*) /$#)+0.1-)0,()1-')$ )!60#17&8&*49):$-%(-&(-2(9)1-');(10*45) I#3-":#",E(JK(!6( Enclosures No. 2 /!"#$%#&'(6+@7+&.&3,(!"#$%#&',(4-.(@4%.(+<(,.:.-4$($4-'.(,;,3.@,( L1.(,;,3.@,(3143(@4M.("7(4(4(5"#$%#&'(*4&(5.( '-+"7.%(#&(<+"-(*43.'+-#.,(!2"7.-,3-"*3"-.(!)&*$+,"-.(!2.-:#*.(2;,3.@,(!>45-#*( L1.()&*$+,"-.H(N&()&:#-+&@.&34$( ( Enclosures No. 3 / Enclosures No. 4 / Building Enclosure Components We will cover: roofs, walls, basements/slabs and windows O@7+-34&*.(+<(31.()&*$+,"-.( O@4'.((!P.+7$.(,..(#3Q( (!"#$%#&'(7-+5$.@,((!RS.&(1.43E(@+#,3"-.(4&%(31.(.&*$+,"-.( )&.-';(*+&,"@78+&((!/-#:.&(5;(.&*$+,"-.(7.-<+-@4&*.( /"-45#$#3;(+S.&($.,,(314&(5"#$%#&'(!T++<(UVWXK(;-,E(=#&%+Y,(ZKWXV(;-,(( 2.4$4&3,(VWZV(;-,( Enclosures No. 5 / Enclosures No. 6 / 1

2 )&*$+,"-.(D+4%#&',( L1.(, &(<"&*8+&('.&.-43.,(8$1',) Seattle! Sacramento Miami! Minneapolis!2#3.( Edmonton! Marcus Vitruvius Pollio These are properly designed, when due regard is had to the country and climate in which they are erected. For the method of building which is suited to Egypt would be very improper in Spain, and that in use in Pontus would be absurd at Rome: so in other parts of the world a style suitable to one climate, would be very unsuitable to another: for one part of the world is under the sun's course, another is distant from it, and another, between the two, is temperate. Enclosures No. 7 / Enclosures No. 8 / Climate Zones 6$#@43.(D+4%(\+%#a*48+&(!"#$%#&'(F(2#3.(B+:.-14&',E(3-..,AG(!6-.43.,(@#*-+*$#@43.(!"#$%#&'()&*$+,"-.(BY4$$,E(Y#&%+Y,E(-++<AG(! ,(*$#@43.,(!P4,,#:.(@+%#a*48+&(!"#$%#&'()&:#-+&@.&34$(2;,3.@,(B?IN6AG(!9,.(.&.-';(3+(*14&'.(*$#@43.(!N*8:.(@+%#a*48+&( Enclosures No. 9 / Enclosures No. 10 / 7 yrs old, non-traditional problems What has changed? Traditional Stucco Farmhouse Building Science.com Moisture No.11/78 Building Science.com Moisture No.12/78 2

3 Mold, Rot, Corrosion, Decay, Recladding )&*$+,"-.(>4#$"-.,( N:+#%4&*.(-.c"#-.,("&%.-,34&%#&'(.4*1( Enclosures No. 13 / Enclosures No. 14 / >#:.(>"&%4@.&34$(614&'.,( UC! O&*-.4,#&'(L1.-@4$(T.,#,34&*.( ZC! 614&'#&'(P.-@.4&*.(+<()&*$+,"-.(D#&#&',( XC! =43.-_\+$%(2.&,#8:#3;(+<(\43.-#4$,( dc!?;'-#*(!"[.-(6474*#3;( VC! XW/(N#-e+Y(b.3Y+-M,( UC(L1.-@4$( O&*-.4,.%(4#-8'13&.,,(!T.%"*.,(%-;#&'E(#&3.-#+-(T?(#&*-.4,.,( O&*-.4,.%(#&,"$48+&(f($.,,(%-;#&'(!6+$%.-(.`3.-#+-E(*+$%.-(#&3.-#+-(!=#%.-(,Y#&',( Building Science.com 15 Building Science.com 16 ZC(P.-@.45#$#3;( D+Y(7.-@.4&*.(.`3.-#+-,(!\.34$(74&.$,E(7-.*4,3(*+&*-.3.(!R2!(4&%(<+4@(:,(,M#7(Y++%(,1.431#&'( D+Y(7.-@.4&*.(#&3.-#+-,(!P+$;.31;$.&.E(:#&;$(Y4$$(747.-(!I#&;$(,1..3(e++-#&'( XC(=43.-_\+$%(2.&,#8:#3;( \+#,3"-.f(@+$%('-+Y31( =++%(7-+%"*3,(!b.Y('-+Y31(:,(+$%(!P-+*.,,#&'H(7$;Y++%E(R2!E(74-8*$.(5+4-%(!P47.-E(I.&..-,( >#&#,1.,(!/-;Y4$$E(*.#$#&'(8$.( Building Science.com 17 Building Science.com

4 dc(?;'-#*(!"[.-(6474*#3;( VC(L1-..W/(N#-e+Y(b.3Y+-M,(?+$$+Y(Y4$$,( L4$$.-(5"#$%#&',( Building Science.com 19 Building Science.com 20?+$$+Y(!"#$%#&',( UC! ZC! XC! =43.-_\+$%(2.&,#8:#3;(+<(\43.-#4$,( dc!?;'-#*(!"[.-(6474*#3;( VC! XW/(N#-e+Y(b.3Y+-M,( Building Science.com 21 Building Science.com 22!4,#*(>"&*8+&,(+<(31.()&*$+,"-.( UC(2"77+-3(! ZC(6+&3-+$( Functional Layers! XC(>#&#,1((! O&3.-#+-(4&%(.`3.-#+-((,"-<4*.,(<+-(7.+7$.( /#,3-#5"8+&(h(4(5"#$%#&'(<"&*8+&(!4,#*()&*$+,"-.(>"&*8+&,(!"##$%&'! ()*+*&','&%-.*/)%'#01*+2-3'/$%2)*'/%$4'+.*+5)'-.5'$"&' D43.-4$(BY#&%E(.4-31c"4M.G( ^-4:#3;(B,&+YE(%.4%E(",.G( T1.+$+'#*4$(B,1-#&ME(,Y.$$G( 6+&3-+$(! >#&#,1((! O&3.-#+-(4&%(.`3.-#+-(,"-<4*.,(<+-(7.+7$.( Functional Layers Enclosures No. 23 / Enclosures No. 24 / 4

5 !4,#*()&*$+,"-.(>"&*8+&,( 2"77+-3(! 6$.&%$3'! 6$.&%$3'4-**'-.5').)%71'8$9*' /-4#&4'.(7$4&.E(*47#$$4-;(5-.4ME(.3*C( :+%'! 6+&8&"+",(4#-(54--#.-( ;)-&'! 6+&8&"+",($4;.-(+<(#&,"$48+&( <-#$%(!!4$4&*.(+<(Y.i&'_%-;#&'( >#&#,1((! O&3.-#+-(4&%(.`3.-#+-(,"-<4*.,(<+-(7.+7$.( Functional Layers 2"77+-3( 6$.&%$3'! =+%)' >).)&%-?$.' >%$#-7-?$.'!!$".5' >).)&%-?$.' A+B"*)C73-%)' <+)9' >#&#,1( R31.-(6+&3-+$(C((C((C( Functional Layers Enclosures No. 25 / Enclosures No. 26 /!4,#*()&*$+,"-.(>"&*8+&,( 2"77+-3(! T.,#,3(F(3-4&,<.-(71;,#*4$(<+-*.,(<-+@(#&,#%.(4&%(+"3( 6+&3-+$(! 6+&3-+$(@4,,(4&%(.&.-';(e+Y,( =+.+*0''! D.&)%+$%',')E&)%+$%'*"%/-2)*'/$%'#)$#3)' 6+$+-E(,7.*"$4&*.( P4g.-&E(3.`3"-.( Functional Layers Finish vs. Control Confusion Enclosures No. 27 / Enclosures No. 28 / /#,3-#5"8+&(?#,3+-;(+<(( 6+&3-+$(>"&*8+&,( N(;0&8'&-=(>"&*8+&(#@7+,.%(+&(.&*$+,"-.( /#,3-#5"3.(,.-:#*.,(+-("8$#8.,(3+(<-+@(31-+"'1E( Y#31#&E(31.(.&*$+,"-.E(.C'CE(! P+Y.-(! 6+@@"&#*48+&(! =43.-(BP+345$.E(,.Y4'.E(.3*CG(! ^4,(! 6+&%#8+&.%(4#-(! 6+$%(+-(1+3(Y43.-( R$%.-(!"#$%#&',(!R&.($4;.-(%+.,((.:.-;31#&'( b.y.-(!"#$%#&'(! ($4;.-,e(( (((C(C(C(, (<"&*8+&,( Enclosures No. 29 / Enclosures No. 30 / 5

6 )&*$+,"-.(/.,#'&(P-#&*#7$.,(U( 23-"*3"-.E(Y#&%+Y,E(8.,E(.3*(! N$$($+4%,('+(3+('-+"&%( T4#&E(,"&E(Y#&%E(1#$$E(:4$$.;E(1#'1(-#,.(+-($+YW-#,.( 6+&8&"+",(-4#&(*+&3-+$(7$4&.(! 6+&3-+$(Y#31(,"-<4*.(<.43"-.,(4&%(%.34#$#&'(! /-4#&.%E(,3+-4'.E(+-(7.-<.*3(54--#.-(,3-43.';( 6+&8&"+",(7$4&.(+<(4#-(54--#.-(8'13&.,,(! >4,8%#+",(4g.&8+&(3+(%.34#$(XW/( )&*$+,"-.(/.,#'&(P-#&*#7$.,(Z( P-+:#%.(4(*+&8&"+",(7$4&.(+<(#&,"$48+&((! >%$&')*+(#.18)7#&'=(,( 9,.( #43.($.:.$,(+<(:47+"-(*+&3-+$( b+(*+$%(:47+-(54--#.-,e(4$$+y(%-;#&'( /-4Y(4$$(+<(31.(/.34#$,Q( Enclosures No. 31 / Enclosures No. 32 / /.,#'&(61.*M$#,3(F(>"&*8+&,( /.,#'&(61.*M$#,3(F(>"&*8+&,( F"+35+.7'G.23$*"%)'6$.2)#&'A)*+7.'!&-7)'60)2H3+*&''!I>>J(K' UC(!"##$%&(@.*14&#*4$($+4%,( 2"k*#.&3(,3-.&'31(4&%(,8[&.,,(B<-+@(,3-"*3"-4$(.&'#&..-G( 6JLK(J@' ZC(?.43(>$+Y(6$.&%$3(BL.@7.-43"-.(4&%()&.-';G( 4:+#%(31.-@4$(5-#%'.,E(-.4,+&45$.(#&,"$48+&H(?IN6(.&.-';( l(*47#34$(*+,3(,4:#&',( *+&3-+$(4#-($.4M4'.E((.`*.,,#:.('$4]#&'(f(Y#&3.-(%#,*+@<+-3(4&%(,"@@.-( +:.-1.48&'(B.,7C(Y.,3('$4,,G(( XC(6+&%.&,48+&(6$.&%$3(,"-<4*.(*+&%.&,48+&E(#C.C(31.-@4$(5-#%'.,E(*+-&.-,E(.3*C( #&3.-,884$(*+&%.&,48+&(B,"@@.-(F(Y#&3.-G(5;(:47+"-( %#[",#+&(4&%(4#-($.4M4'.( dc(n#-(>$+y(6$.&%$3( 4#-(54--#.-(,;,3.@,E(*+@74-3@.&34$#]48+&E(*+&:.*8+&($++7,( #&(54g,( ONmE(*+&3-+$(+<(,34*M(.[.*3E(?IN6E4&%(Y#&%W#&%"*.%(4#-( e+y,e(+%+-e(%",3( VC(T4#&(6$.&%$3( *$#@43.E(,#3.E(5"#$%#&'(+-#.&348+&E(,147.( %.e.*8+&e(,"-<4*.(%-4#&4'.e(%-;#&'e(4&%(.&*$+,"-.(-4#&( *+&3-+$(,3-43.'#.,( nc(6-4*m_\+:.@.&3(*+&3-+$( *+&3-+$(+<(*-4*M#&'(4&%(@+:.@.&3(4-.(*+@7$.@.&34-;(( *+&,#%.-(*-..7E(,4'E(,1-#&M4'.E(,Y.$$#&'E(5+31(@+#,3"-.(4&%( 3.@7.-43"-.(@+:.@.&3( JC(>#-.(4&%(2@+M.(6$.&%$3( a-.(-.,#,34&*.(-48&'e(e4@.(,7-.4%e(,@+m.(7-+%"*.%e(3+`#&,( '.&.-43.%(,7.*#4$(,#3"48+&,E(+S.&(#&:+$:.%(#&(%.,#'&(%.*#,#+&,(B.C'CE( *+@5",85$.(:,(&+&W*+@5",85$.G( oc(2+"&%(4&%(i#5-48+&(6$.&%$3( 4#-5+-&.(,+"&%(-.e.*8+&E(3-4&,@#,,#+&E(4&%(#@74*3(5+-&.(,+"&%(3-4&,@#,,#+&(,7.*#4$(,#3"48+&,(4-.(,+@.8@.,(#@7+-34&3E(4$Y4;,(&..%,(,+@.(*+&,#%.-48+&( =DLD!;' pc(=+.+*0( *+$+"-E(74g.-&E(3.`3"-.E(.3*(+<(#&3.-#+-(4&%(.`3.-#+-( #&3.-<4*.,( 4-*1#3.*3"-.(4&%(#&3.-#+-(%.,#'&.-,( Enclosures No. 33 / F"+35+.7'G.23$*"%)'6$.2)#&'A)*+7.'!&-7)'60)2H3+*&''!I>>J(K' UC(!"##$%&(@.*14&#*4$($+4%,( 2"k*#.&3(,3-.&'31(4&%(,8[&.,,(B<-+@(,3-"*3"-4$(.&'#&..-G( 6JLK(J@' ZC(?.43(>$+Y(6$.&%$3(BL.@7.-43"-.(4&%()&.-';G( 4:+#%(31.-@4$(5-#%'.,E(-.4,+&45$.(#&,"$48+&H(?IN6(.&.-';( l(*47#34$(*+,3(,4:#&',( *+&3-+$(4#-($.4M4'.E((.`*.,,#:.('$4]#&'(f(Y#&3.-(%#,*+@<+-3(4&%(,"@@.-( +:.-1.48&'(B.,7C(Y.,3('$4,,G(( XC(6+&%.&,48+&(6$.&%$3(,"-<4*.(*+&%.&,48+&E(#C.C(31.-@4$(5-#%'.,E(*+-&.-,E(.3*C( #&3.-,884$(*+&%.&,48+&(B,"@@.-(F(Y#&3.-G(5;(:47+"-( %#[",#+&(4&%(4#-($.4M4'.( dc(n#-(>$+y(6$.&%$3( 4#-(54--#.-(,;,3.@,E(*+@74-3@.&34$#]48+&E(*+&:.*8+&($++7,( #&(54g,( ONmE(*+&3-+$(+<(,34*M(.[.*3E(?IN6E4&%(Y#&%W#&%"*.%(4#-( e+y,e(+%+-e(%",3( Continuous Air Barrier Continuous Insulation VC(T4#&(6$.&%$3( *$#@43.E(,#3.E(5"#$%#&'(+-#.&348+&E(,147.( %.e.*8+&e(,"-<4*.(%-4#&4'.e(%-;#&'e(4&%(.&*$+,"-.(-4#&( *+&3-+$(,3-43.'#.,( nc(6-4*m_\+:.@.&3(*+&3-+$( *+&3-+$(+<(*-4*M#&'(4&%(@+:.@.&3(4-.(*+@7$.@.&34-;(( *+&,#%.-(*-..7E(,4'E(,1-#&M4'.E(,Y.$$#&'E(5+31(@+#,3"-.(4&%( 3.@7.-43"-.(@+:.@.&3( JC(>#-.(4&%(2@+M.(6$.&%$3( a-.(-.,#,34&*.(-48&'e(e4@.(,7-.4%e(,@+m.(7-+%"*.%e(3+`#&,( '.&.-43.%(,7.*#4$(,#3"48+&,E(+S.&(#&:+$:.%(#&(%.,#'&(%.*#,#+&,(B.C'CE( *+@5",85$.(:,(&+&W*+@5",85$.G( oc(2+"&%(4&%(i#5-48+&(6$.&%$3( 4#-5+-&.(,+"&%(-.e.*8+&E(3-4&,@#,,#+&E(4&%(#@74*3(5+-&.(,+"&%(3-4&,@#,,#+&(,7.*#4$(,#3"48+&,(4-.(,+@.8@.,(#@7+-34&3E(4$Y4;,(&..%,(,+@.(*+&,#%.-48+&( =DLD!;' pc(=+.+*0( *+$+"-E(74g.-&E(3.`3"-.E(.3*(+<(#&3.-#+-(4&%(.`3.-#+-( #&3.-<4*.,( 4-*1#3.*3"-.(4&%(#&3.-#+-(%.,#'&.-,( Continuous Rain Control Layers Enclosures No. 34 / The Enclosure: Adding the Layers Framed Enclosures: Adding the Layers Structure Air-Rain Barrier Insulation Finish Structure Air Flow Control Insulation Rain Control Finish Enclosures No. 35 / Enclosures No. 36 / 6

7 Design Information older than I am. UC! N#-(_(T4#&(!4--#.-( ZC! 23-"*3"-4$(2"77+-3( XC! T4#&(21.%%#&'( dc! O&,"$48+&( Building Science Corporation Enclosures No. 38 / Enclosures No. 39 / Enclosures No. 40 / Enclosures No. 41 / Enclosures No. 42 / 7

8 Enclosures No. 43 / Enclosures No. 44 / Enclosures No. 45 / Enclosures No. 46 / Enclosures No. 47 / Enclosures No. 48 / 8

9 ?+",.,( Window T4#&(?.43( N#-( Enclosures No. 49 / John Straube Enclosures No. 51 / Enclosures No. 52 / Enclosure Design: Details Details demand the same approach as the enclosure. Scaled drawings required at The Wood Frame High R-value wall Enclosures No. 53 / Enclosures No. 54 / 9

10 John Straube Lowell Habitat for Humanity Bedford, MA 1400 sq. $80/sq. ft. Gas = $1.50 /therm Electric = $.15/kWh Average = $3.30 per day With 4 kw PV and 94 sq. ft. solar hot water $105/sq.ft. Electric = $0 Gas = $37.50/month Average = $1.25/day Bedford" Profile with crawlspace" Bedford" Thermal Insulation System" 10

11 Bedford" Air Flow Retarder System" Bedford" Water Management System" Bedford" Vapor Retarder System" Advanced Framing Details 6+&*$",#+&,( Enclosures No. 66 / 11