BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE BEAM WITH BAMBOO AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR REINFORCEMENT

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 9, September 2017, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_08_09_066 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE BEAM WITH BAMBOO AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR REINFORCEMENT Syed Faraz Siddique Assistant Professor, Department Of civil Engineering, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Priyanka S Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Nishanth L Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SEA college of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ABSTRACT The haphazard infrastructural progress has lead to rapid destruction of the ecosystem. Steel, cement, synthetic polymers and metal alloys used for development movements are power severe which causes environmental pollution for the period of their whole life cycle. Bamboo is highly- yield renewable resources which can replace the steel reinforcement in concrete. Bamboo reduces 35% carbon dioxide in the climate and delivers more oxygen. The study of behavior of a Composite material that is Bamboo as a Replacement for Reinforcement in concrete is studied in this project. Mechanical properties of Bamboo are studied and basic testing like Water Absorption tests using two different coating, Compression test of bamboo are carried out. The method of partial replacement of steel, the bamboo culms is placed below the reinforcement in order to reduce the quantity of steel reinforcement in a beam element. A comparison is done between the Analytical Results obtained by Analysis of Bamboo Reinforced beams in ANSYS software to the experimental results. The percentage of water absorption in bamboo coating with polyester resin was 8.09%. By the Comparison of Ultimate Compressive Strength (N/ mm²) of Bamboo without Knots and of Bamboo with Knots, we conclude that bamboo without knots have more ultimate compressive strength than compared to bamboo with knots. The flexural strength of bamboo reinforced concrete with 8mm diameter bar was found to be 38MPa. Final cracking load of the bamboo reinforced beam element in ANSYS software is 26KN. Key words: ANSYS, Bamboo reinforcement, Flexure test, Composite beam editor@iaeme.com

2 Behavior of Reinforced Cement Concrete Beam With Bamboo as Partial Replacement for Reinforcement Cite this Article: Syed Faraz Siddique, Priyanka S, Nishanth L, Behavior of Reinforced Cement Concrete Beam With Bamboo as Partial Replacement for Reinforcement. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(9), 2017, pp INTRODUCTION The usage of metal is presently constrained heavily in development industry. The manufacturing of substances like cement, steel, glass, plastic and aluminium that use limited mineral assets majorly contribute towards the ecosystem deterioration. The Bamboo attracts the living organisms such as bugs and fungi, Since Bamboo have high content of Vitamins and Minerals it is highly vulnerable to fungi. To overcome this problem we need treatment of bamboo by preserving it from the living organisms. Bamboo forests are determined throughout tropic and sub-tropic zones between latitudes of about 40 south, i.e. Areas with imply annual temperatures from 20 C to 30 C. The plant gets totally matured at an age of three to four years. Due to these good features of Bamboo which was experimented during the previous years, bamboo was said to be one of the best substitute material for reinforcement. The addition according to greenhouse effect and sustainable society, bamboo is predicted to make contributions greatly to seismic-resistant construction and building retrofit technology in the evolving countries. The strength of bamboo is greater than most timber products that are effective; however it has its tensile strength roughly equal to 1/2 the tensile force of metal. The Bamboo is readily available as it grows in nearly every warm and humid neighborhood. Bamboo weighs less than that of steel. The aspects shown in table 1 refer bamboo as a convenient structural material. These when integrated, propose bamboo a best solution for the current determination for its use. Table 1 Comparison between Mild steel and Bamboo Material Ultimate strength (MPa) Yield strength (MPa) Young's Modulus (MPa) Density (kg/m 3 ) Mild Steel Bamboo METHODOLOGY 2.1. Analytical and Experimental Procedure of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams In the Analytical part, the reinforced cement concrete beam is modelled and analyzed. And the bamboo reinforced beam element is modelled and analyzed by varying the reinforcement on to the bamboo culms. Modeling of bamboo culms is done in ANSYS software by inputting the parameters related to bamboo, reinforcement, and concrete. Bamboo Reinforced Beams of 6 numbers with a composition of Bamboo culms with the reinforcement is casted with M20 grade of concrete. The dimension of the beam is 230X300X2000mm. Three different beams each of two numbers were casted. The details of the beams are given in the Table editor@iaeme.com

3 Syed Faraz Siddique, Priyanka S, Nishanth L Table 2 Bamboo reinforced beams detailing Beams Beams Detailing Diagram 10mm Bottom Steel : 3bars of 10mm diameter with Bamboo strip below the reinforcements Top : 2 Bamboo strips of 25mm width and 10mm thickness 8mm Bottom Steel : 3bars of 8mm diameter with Bamboo strip below the reinforcements Top : 2 Bamboo strips of 25mm width and 10mm thickness 8mm MILD STEEL Bottom Steel : 3bars of 8mm diameter MS with Bamboo strip below the reinforcements Top : 2 Bamboo strips of 25mm width and 10mm thickness Modeling of Bamboo reinforced beam element with 8mm bars as partial replacement along with the Bamboo Culm Figure 1 Modeled Bamboo culms in ANSYS Figure 2 Modeled Bamboo culms with 8mm bar 3. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES 3.1. Water Proof Material When Bamboo is used as reinforcement in concrete it is subjected to swelling, which can be prevented by waterproof coating. Polyester Resin is used as water proofing agent with the help of catalyst and a reagent in order to fasten up the drying process of resin Steel Bars HYSD bars of 8mm, 10mm are used and 8mm of Mild Steel bars is used in tension zone with the Bamboo strip Concrete Mix design is carried out as for M20 grade concrete as per IS and guidelines stipulated by IS editor@iaeme.com

4 Behavior of Reinforced Cement Concrete Beam With Bamboo as Partial Replacement for Reinforcement Table 3 Ratio of mix design Cement Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate Water Absorption Test The water absorption capacities of bamboo increases with broaden in nodes. Dry samples of bamboo were taken in both coated and natural form. Two different type of coating were applied, one with polyester resin and the other with the coal tar creosote. They were immersed in water for a week and their weights were taken down. The difference in weights is expressed as the percentage of water absorption for coated as well as for the Natural form. Table 4 Comparison of percentage of water absorption in bamboo without coating, coating with coal tar creosote, coating with polyester resin Percentage of water absorption without coating % Percentage of water absorption coating with coal tar creosote % Percentage of water absorption coating with polyester resin % Figure 3 Water Absorption Test of Bamboo Specimen Coating with Coal tar creosote, without coating, Coating with Polyester Resin 3.5. Compression Test Bamboo cylinders had been all set of 5 cm length and with various diameters. It has been acclaimed that the samples of bamboo must be seasoned properly with plain surface. Five samples of bamboo cylinders without knots and 5 samples bamboo cylinders with knots were tested for compression Preparation of the Specimen The basic preparation of the specimen is done in order to place the specimen perfectly in the UTM. With the help of lathe machine, the irregular surface of the bamboo cylindrical surface Specimen is made plain, so that the load is equally distributed on to the in a uniform manner. Figure 4 Specimens of Bamboo without knots Figure 5 Specimens of Bamboo with knots editor@iaeme.com

5 Syed Faraz Siddique, Priyanka S, Nishanth L Figure 6 Failure Pattern of Bamboo Specimens without knots for Compression test Figure 7 Specimens of Bamboo without knots and with Knots after failure has occurred Therefore the Ultimate compressive strength (N/ mm²) of Bamboo without knots are higher due to the uniform arrangement of fiber and absence of knots in between the bamboo specimen. Table 4 Comparison of Ultimate Compressive Strength (N/ mm²) of Bamboo without Knots and with Knots Bamboo without Knots Bamboo with Knots Ultimate compressive strength (N/mm²) Ultimate compressive strength (N/mm²) Bamboo Treatment Process The applied Coatings must be skinny; a thick coating will lubricate the skin and weaken the bond with the concrete. The type of coating applied on to the Bamboo is polyester resin using catalyst and reagent to fasten the process of hardening, and the application was through the paint brush. In order to have a good bonding with the concrete, fine grained sand is sprinkled upon the Bamboo culms. Before drying of polyester resin, a fine layer of sand is sprinkled, so that the sand is glued with the polyester resin. Figure 8 Application of Polyester resin on to the Bamboo culms and sprinkling of sand editor@iaeme.com

6 Load Behavior of Reinforced Cement Concrete Beam With Bamboo as Partial Replacement for Reinforcement Figure 9 Tying of reinforcements to the Bamboo culms and Finished bamboo beams with partial replacement of reinforcement 4. TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Figure 10 Load Vs Deflection curve Figure 11 Stress Vs Strain curve ANSYS R² = Load Vs Deflection Deflection mm Deflection Poly. (Deflection) Figure 12 Load Vs Deflection Curve Figure 13 Stress Vs Strain curve Figure 14 Failure of Bamboo reinforced beam element 8mm editor@iaeme.com

7 Syed Faraz Siddique, Priyanka S, Nishanth L Figure 15 Crack pattern of 8mm modeled bamboo reinforced beam element in ANSYS software 5. CONCLUSIONS By the Comparison of Ultimate Compressive Strength (N/ mm²) of Bamboo without Knots and of Bamboo with Knots, we conclude that bamboo without knots have more ultimate compressive strength than compared to bamboo with knots. From the graph stress Vs strain of bamboo, it was observed that bamboo exhibits low modulus of elasticity than steel. So it doesn t avert cracks developed in concrete beneath final load. Flexural test of strengthened bamboo beam element, it was observed utilizing bamboo as substitute reinforcement in concrete can step up the load carrying capacity of the beam. Application of polyester resin on to the bamboo culms with reagent and catalyst with fine coating of sand results in decreasing of the water absorption in bamboo culms. The young s modulus of steel is much higher than concrete. Hence, steel will take all the stresses induced due to loading. But in case of bamboo reinforced concrete beam the young s modulus of bamboo is lesser than that of concrete. Hence, concrete will take all the stresses. This is the reason for the beam to fail due to shear. The maximum failure load of the beam is 219KN for 8mm bamboo reinforced beam than compared to other beams.38mpa is the strength in flexure for bamboo reinforced concrete beam with 8mm reinforcement. Maximum deflection of 8mm partially bamboo reinforced beam 2 element at failure is 26.94mm. All the bamboo reinforced specimens failed due to shear Final cracking load of the bamboo reinforced beam element in ANSYS software is 26KN. REFERENCES [1] Investigation on properties of bamboo as reinforcing material in concrete: Harish sakaray, N.V vamsi Krishna togati, I.V. ramana reddy, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2012, [2] pp [3] Study on bamboo as reinforcement in cement concrete: Jigar k sevalia, nirav b siddhpura, chetan s agarwal, Deep b shah, jai v kapadia, Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp [4] Performance of bamboo reinforced concrete beam: I.K khan, Vol. 3, No 3, 2014, [5] Finite element analysis of bamboo column along with steel socket joint under loading condition: R khatry, D P mishra, ISSN Vol.7 No.11 (2012) editor@iaeme.com

8 Behavior of Reinforced Cement Concrete Beam With Bamboo as Partial Replacement for Reinforcement [6] Bamboo as reinforcement in structural concrete element: Khosrow ghavami, Cement & Concrete Composites 27 (2005) [7] S.R mehra and R.G ghosh. Bamboo reinforced soil cement civil engineering and public works review, vol.60, no 711, October 1965; vol. 60, no 712. [8] S. Kavitha and Dr. T. Felix Kala, Effect of Bamboo Fiber in Self Compacting Concrete Partially Replacing Cement with GGBS and Alccofine. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 2017, pp [9] John Paul V. and Antony Rachel Sneha M., Effect of Random Inclusion of Bamboo Fibers on Strength Behaviour of Flyash Treated Black Cotton Soil. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(5), 2016, pp [10] A.Manimaran, M.Somasundaram and P.T.Ravichandran, Experimental Study On Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate by Bamboo and Fine Aggregate by Quarry Dust In Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(8), 2017, pp