Status Evaluation & Analysis on Equipments of Power Transmission & Distribution in Lushan Earthquake (April 20, 2013)

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1 Status Evaluation & Analysis on Equipments of Power Transmission & Distribution in Lushan Earthquake (April 20, 2013) Delivered by: Liu Fan State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company 09/2013

2 Outline Background Equipments Status Evaluation & Analysis of 500kV Substation Equipments Status Evaluation & Analysis of 220kV Substation & Below Status Evaluation & Analysis for 500kV Transmission Lines Cause Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments 2

3 Background Lushan Earthquake at 8:02 20/04/2013 3

4 Background First time into Ya'an 4

5 Background Damage to Power Grid Load Loss MW Loss of Generation 1917MW 5

6 Background Outage of Substations Due to Earthquake 220kV:1 110kV:3 35kV:5 550kV:1 220kV:1 110kV:2 35kV:4 110kV:2 35kV:6 110kV:2 35kV:5 35kV:1 110kV:1 35kV:1 6

7 Evaluation & Analysis on 500kV Substation Status of Ya'an Substation Severely Damaged Substation Location Capacity No. of Transformer Type of Transformer Function Ya'an Shiyang Town, Tianquan County, Ya'an City 1500MVA 2 (750MVA for each) Three-phase Off-circuit Tap Changing Auto Transformer For Local Power Supply Gather & Transfer Hydropower from Ya'an District and 500kV Shimian & Jiulong Substation 7

8 Evaluation & Analysis on 500kV Substation Damage of Primary Equipments Equipments Transformer 1# & 2# 500kV Bus & Line 220kV Bus & Line Other Damage #1: Oil Leakage of Phase A B C HV Bushing; #2: Breakage on Phase A Medium Voltage Bushing Oil Leakage of Phase B Shunt Reactors for Shiya Line 2# Oil Leakage of Bushings of Shiya Line 2# Phase A & C Shunt Reactors Oil Leakage of Shunt Reactors for Shiya Line 1# & 2# Oil Leakage of Yashan Line 2# Phase A Shunt Reactor (Discovered on 26th of April) Damage of Surge Arresters for 220kV Bus 3 & 4 Damage of Surge Arrester Post Insulator on #2 Transformer Medium Voltage Side Oil Leakage found on Phase C CT of 319# Breaker for 1# Auxiliary Transformer Breakage of Joint on 3kV Bus II HV Fuse Foundation Sinking found at where 400V feeder panel sets 8

9 Evaluation & Analysis on 500kV Substation Damage of Primary Equipments HV Bushing: Oil Leakage Collapse of Surge Arrestor 9

10 Evaluation & Analysis on 500kV Substation Damage of Primary Equipments Breakage of Bushing Collapse of Surge Arrester 10

11 Evaluation & Analysis on 500kV Substation Damage of Primary Equipments Line Outage Due to Severe Leakage Oil Leakage 11

12 Evaluation & Analysis on 500kV Substation Defects Detection & Handling of Primary Equipments Detect of Equipment Defects throughout the Substation Equipments Volts Measures Quantity AC Breaker 500kV 39 SF 6 & Infrared Diagnosis 220kV 30 Isolator 500kV 78 Infrared Diagnosis 220kV 72 Surge Arrestor 500kV 21 Infrared Diagnosis 220kV 33 PT 500kV 33 Infrared Diagnosis 220kV 12 Shunt Reactor 500kV Infrared Diagnosis 21 CT 500kV 7 Infrared Diagnosis 220kV 7 12

13 Evaluation & Analysis on 500kV Substation Defects Detection & Handling of Primary Equipments Examine damage of Surge Arrester Collapse of 500kV MOA 13

14 Evaluation & Analysis on 500kV Substation On Site Examination of Porcelain MOA On Site Examination of Porcelain MOA 14

15 Evaluation & Analysis on 500kV Substation On Site Examination of Transformer & Shunt Reactor 15

16 Evaluation & Analysis on 500kV Substation On Site Examination of Transformer & Shunt Reactor Oil Leakage Due to Ceramic envelope Breakage Position Appears Breakage 16

17 Evaluation & Analysis on 500kV Substation Damage to 500kV Neijiang Substation HV Bushing Oil Leakage 17

18 Evaluation & Analysis on 500kV Substation Damage to 500kV Neijiang Substation Deformation of Connecting Bolts Transposition of Gaskets 18

19 Evaluation & Analysis on 500kV Substation Technical Support On Site Examination of Damaged Equipments Provision of Suggestion for Equipment Replacement Technology Supervision of Hand-Over Test Oil & Gas Analysis Urgent Repair Plan Formulation and Technical Support Live Detection of Power Euipments Support of Strategy for Power Grid Operation 19

20 Evaluation & Analysis on Substation of 220kV & Below Damage of Equipments of 220kV & Below Including 220kV Huanggang and Tianquan, 110kV Shaping Chengnan and Shiyang Substation Substation Volts Equipments No. Type of Defects Transformer 1 Bushing Breakage & Transpostion, Oil Leakage on Huanggang 220kV Relaying Protective Cabinet Door Fallen 1 Protection Off, LCD Pannel Cracking Radiator Surge Arrester 11 Damaged Tianquan 220kV Transformer 1 Bushing Oil Leakage, Gaskets Transposition Transformer 3 Bushing Oil Leakage Shaping 110kV Breaker 4 Collapsed CT 1 Collapsed Chengnan 110kV Transformer 1 Bushing Oil Leakage Shiyang 110kV No Physical Damage Found 20

21 Evaluation & Analysis on Substation of 220kV or Below Examination of Damaged Equipments Loosening of 35kV Bushing Sealing CT Collapse 21

22 Evaluation & Analysis on Substation of 220kV or Below Examination of Damaged Equipments Damage of Circuit Breakers 22

23 Evaluation & Analysis on Substation of 220kV or Below Technical Support Recovery of Transformer Strategy for Maintenance & Operation Routine Test Live Diagnosis 23

24 Evaluation & Analysis on 500kV Transmission Lines 500kV Transmission Lines Operating Well, Few Tower Base, Slope Protection and Tower Structure Were Partially Damaged Crack of Tower Base and Slope Protection 24

25 Evaluation & Analysis on 500kV Transmission Lines Lessons From Earthquake Crack of Slope Protection and Tower Structure 25

26 Cause Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Causes of Damage In both Wenchuan and Ya'an Earthquake, bushings of transformers & shunt reactors appear breakage at the root, and Leads to oil leakage, whereras the Body Parts were rare to see damage Bushing Structure (b/w Bushing Root and Turrets) Bolts Connected without caging devices Bolts Connected with caging devices Pouring Connected Cause Analysis Mostly caused by gaskets transposition, then bolts deformation and shed breakage Rare to see gaskets transposition, but bushing shed breakage could lead to oil leakage unless there is a notable shearstress Rare to see gaskets transposition, but bushing shed breakage could lead to massive oil leakage unless there is a huge shearstress 26

27 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Importance of Seismic Research Power Equipments Vulnerability Solid Demands after Earthquake Lack of Experience Sichuan Laying on Seismic Belt PGA Distribution Map of Sichuan Power Grid 27

28 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Status Quo of Seismic Research Vulnerability & Complexity of Power System Equipments Seismic Freq. 1-10Hz Equipments Materials Low Intensity & Ductility Poor Damping Capability Close to Resonance Oscillation Equipment Freq. 1-10Hz Other Factor Concerned Nature of Earthquake Damping, Rigidity, Material, External Load 28

29 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Seismic Qualification for Electric Power Facilities List of Seismic Qualification Category Code Name IEC IEC2771-2:2003 IEC :2006 IEC High-voltage switchgear and controlgear-seismic qualification for rated voltages of 72,5 kv and above 2. Seismic qualification of AC circuit-breakers 3. Bushings Seismic qualification USA IEEE693 Seismic Qualification of Composites for Substation High-Voltage Equipments JAPAN JEAG Guide for Seisimic Design of Substation Equipment CHINA GB/T GB Seismic Qualification for High-Voltage Swichgear and Controlgear 2. Code for Design of Seismic of Electrical Installations 29

30 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Seismic Qualification for Electric Power Facilities Scope of Application Adaptible to Electric Power Facility Installation, Expansion and Reconstructon in Area of Seismic Fortification Design b/w 6~9: 1. Facilities from 110kV~750kV AC Projects; 2. Facilities from DC Projects of ±660kV or Below 30

31 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Seismic Qualification for Electric Power Facilities 1 Propose Seismic Standard for HV Projects Seismic Design for Power Facility in China 2 Confirm Seismic Test Requirements 2 2 Supplement of Isolation & Dissipation 3 Design for Electrical Power Facility 4 More Specified Framework DAF 4 5 Specified Load Combination 31

32 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Propose Seismic Standard for HV Projects 1. Seismic Design Subjected to being Surpassed with a 2% Probability; 2. Proposed Seismic Design Response Spectum for HV Equipments 32

33 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Confirmed Test Requirements To test the seismic capability of new facility or large-size equipments, Earthquake Simulator is required; for those equipments unable to test due to problems of size, weight, complexity etc., or even already passed the test but with slight change on structure, we can adopt stochasticly test or test & analisis method. Institutes Satisfied the Requirements In Operation Under Construction China Academy of Building Research, Tongji Uniersity, Chongqing Jiaotong Designing Institute In stitute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration (Beijing), Chongqing University 33

34 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Supplement of Isolation & Dissipation Design for Electrical Power Facility For facilities located at area of high intensity, which is unable to satisfy seismic requirements or subjected to higher or specialized requirements, this article applies. Capacitor(NewZealand) Reactor(USA) 34

35 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Tipical Isolation & Dissipation Design Surge Arrester(Japan) 35

36 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Tipical Isolation & Dissipation Design: Bushing Acceleration Rate From 1.02g Down to 0.289g Isolation Test for Transformer Bushing(UC) 36

37 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Tipical Isolation & Dissipation Design FPS-isolation System:Relate to Surface Radius & Gravity Coefficients,Independant of mass 37

38 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Research Have Down After Wenchuan Earthquake: Lounch a Project "Research on Damage of Power Equipments at Wenchuan Earthquake" Together withtongji University "Research on 500kV Ya'an Substation Bushing Damage at 4.20 Lushan Earthquake" 38

39 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Isolation & Dissipation Design and Application for 220kV Xiameng Substation Post Insulator Transformer Base 39

40 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Analysis on Transformer Bushing Breakage at 500kV Ya'an Substation High Seismic Intensity Level 9, Almost Upper Limit Bushing Structure? 1. Connected by caging devices 2. Large gravitational torque Materials? Easy to Damage Bushing of Transformer 1# after Disassembly 40

41 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Comparison of Bushing Connection Type of Connection Clamped by Caging Devices Pouring Connected Prons Mature Tech., Easy for Installation, with Certain Resiliance and Deflection As a Whole, Easy to Withstand Earthquake of Certain Level Cons High Cost, Vulnerable Subjected to Collision Highly Rely on Intensity of Porcelain Shed, Can Lead to Devastating Result Subjected to Violent Earthquake 41

42 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Seimic Design of Power System Equipments No. Suggestions for Equipments Withstanding Earthquake 1 Use High Intensity Porcelain Material or Silicon Envilope 2 Select Post Insulator with High Intensity Porcelain and Equipments with Solid Insulator as Support 3 Use Equipments with Low Centre of Gravity, such as GIS, HGIS etc. 4 Suggest Not to Use Rod Insulator Supported Distribution Equipment of Tubular Bus Bar, Aluminum Tubular Bus Bar is Suggested to use Suspension Insulator 5 Use Damping Devices for Equipments Easy Subjected to Resonance Oscillation, Therefore Change System Frequency and Damping Ratio 6 Renforce Floating Equipments Connection to Avoid Transposition or Collapse 7 Considering 3/2 Connection Scheme unless Equipments and Site Area Allow 42

43 Causes Analysis & Seismic Design of Equipments Research Plan Project: Study on Substation Equipments Vulnerability at High Seismic Intensity Area of Sichuan 1 Analysis of Failure mode and Law of Electrical Equipments in Earthquake 2 Exploration of Evaluation Approach for Level of Damage to Substation Equipments 3 Evalution of Seismic Withstand ability for Substation & its Equipments at High Intensity Area of Sichuan 4 Evaluation of Substation Capability to Withstand Earthquake as a Whole, Propose Scheme for Capablity Improvement 5 Proposing Optimal Solutions to Flange Connection of Bushing Type Equipments 43

44 Thank You for your attention! 44