EFFECT OF MICRO-SILICA AND MARBLE DUST ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 8, August 218, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_9_8_15 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed EFFECT OF MICRO-SILICA AND MARBLE DUST ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE Chetan Thakur Postgraduate Student, Department of civil engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India Jagdeep Singh Gahir Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India ABSTRACT Marble Dust is a fine powder which is obtained during the sawing and the shaping process as a by-product of marble. Marble which rock results from the metamorphosis of impeccably pure limestone. The judgement of marble purity can be made by its color and appearance. If solely composed of calcite, its color is white. Electric arc furnaces (EAF) generate much dust during operation, which contains very high percentages of zinc, lead, and iron, as well as toxic organic substances. It is difficult to landfill it for environmental reasons, and not desirable in terms of wasting metal. However, most of the EAF dust is not processed sufficiently to make it harmless and to recover valuable metals. Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) is a hazardous industrial waste, generated during electric arc furnace steel making process. It is in the form of very fine powder forming major part of the smoke or fume from the furnace. The powder from the furnace is drawn through cooling pipes and collected by specially designed bag filters. The proposed work is done on the marble dust which is in the form of solid waste and stone slurry. The experiment is performed on marble dust which is used to make the bricks. After making the bricks their performance is tested on compressive strength, water absorption test and flexure strength. The results are noted on adding 9%, 1%, 11% of marble dust for cube specimen and 14%,15%,16% for beam specimen along with different proportions of micro silica. Key words: Marble, micro silica, compressive, flexure strength. Cite this Article: Chetan Thakur and Jagdeep Singh Gahir, Effect of Micro-Silica and Marble Dust on Mechanical Properties of Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(8), 218, pp editor@iaeme.com

2 Chetan Thakur and Jagdeep Singh Gahir 1. INTRODUCTION Now time has come to think of some alternative materials for sustainable use in concrete mix. Day by day amount and type of waste materials has increased accordingly creating environmental issues. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, dams, parks andrecreation, bridges etc. Rapid increase in construction activities leads to acute shortage of conventional construction materials. Concrete is the vital civil engineering material. Its manufacturing involves utilization of ingredients like cement, sand, aggregates, water and required admixtures. Demand of construction material is increased due to infrastructural development across the world. The possibility of a complete depletion of concrete ingredients has rendered continued use of natural materials for construction unsustainable. In view of this challenge, researchers throughout the world have been investigating ways of replacing concrete ingredients to make construction sustainable and less expensive. Using alternative materials place of natural material. concrete production makes concrete as sustainable and environment friendly Construction material. Now a days most of the researchers have focus on use of the waste materials in concrete according to their properties. Wastes generated by industrial and agricultural processes have created disposal and management problems which pose serious challenges to efforts towards environmental conservation, their use contributes to resource conservation, environmental protection and the reduction of construction costs Objectives and Scope of Study The main objective of this present work is: 1) To study the influence of partial replacement of cement with marble dust powder, fine aggregate with quarry dust, coarse aggregate with coconut shell. 2) To compare the compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength with normal concrete. 3) To find the optimum percentage of waste marble dust powder replaced in cement partially, quarry dust replaced in fine aggregate partially and coconut shell replaced in coarse aggregate partially that makes the strength of the concrete maximum. 4) To determine the reduction in cost with efficient partial replacement of these waste marble dust powder, quarry dust and coconut shell Need and Future Work of the Study 1.To know how these wastes can be used as potential material or replacement material in the construction industry. 2.This study will have the double advantage of reduction in the cost of construction material and also as a means of effective disposal of waste as reusable one. 3.Using alternative material in place of natural aggregate in concrete production makes concrete as sustainable and environment friendly Construction material. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Ali (211) investigated the mechanical properties of the concrete which is suitable to use as construction of all types of structures (building, bridges, roads) contain the marble dust as a 14 editor@iaeme.com

3 Effect of Micro-Silica and Marble Dust on Mechanical Properties of Concrete partially cement replacement at w/c.5. The results shows that 7 days and 28 days compressive strength increase for 5% MD replacement and the percentage of increase was 11% and 1% respectively for the days. Further increase in the content of marble dust, there was a decrease in the strength for the mix having 1% MD. In the other hand for the mix 5% MD and 7.5% MD there is no effect on the flexure strength and for the 1% MD mix there is very little decrease of 2%. The increase in compressive strength could be explained with pore-filling effect of fine-ground limestone powder, providing suitable nucleus for hydration and catalyzing the hydration. The usage of WMP reduced the porosity in concrete matrix physically, and had an important binding property which was developed by hydration of calcite and C3A chemically. The use of WMP in combination with super plasticizing admixture allowed for compensating the high water demand of marble powder itself.[1] Topcu et al (28) studied the effect of waste marble dust content as filler on properties of self-compacting concrete which can be used in transportation structures like bridges and tunnels. The marble dust was used as additional filler in the mix and was replaced up to 5%. For a constant range of flow value the super plasticizer was varied in the various mixes. In % MD mix the amount used was 2.5% of the binder content and in 1 % MD mix it was 2.2 % which showed that the requirement of super plasticizer decreased with increasing marble dust content, as it was only 1.1 % for the 5% mix. It indicated that the workability of the mixes improved as the marble dust content is increased in the mix.it also shows that the compressive strength decreased as we increased the MD content in the filler (i.e. cement +fly ash); the percentage decrease in compressive strength being low for mixes having up to 2% MD content and was of the order of only 3%, and for the 5% MD it was about 5% lower than the control mix. In case of flexure strength, it followed similar variation as that for compressive strength, with a 55% reduction in strength for 5% MD mix. The loss in strength is advocated to the increase in demand for the cement as the marble power has large surface area.[2] Demirel et al (21) experimentally studied the effects of using waste marble dust (WMD) as a fine material on the mechanical properties of the concrete. For this purpose four different series of concrete-mixtures were prepared by replacing the fine sand (passing.25 mm sieve) with WMD at proportions of, 25, 5 and 1% by weight. In order to determine the effect of the WMD on the compressive strength with respect to the curing age, compressive strengths of the samples were recorded at the curing ages of 3, 7, 28 and 9 days. Water-cement ratio was adopted.5. It was seen from the observation that the compressive strength had increased with the increase WMD content. There was an increase of about 1% for the M1%, this may not be only due to the filling of the voids in the concrete mix but also due to the little cement properties of marble dust by providing an extra amount of cement in the mix.[3] Hebhoub et al (211) demonstrated the possibility of using marble wastes as a substitute rather than natural aggregates in concrete production, experimental investigation was carried out on three series of concrete mixtures: sand substitution mixture, gravel substitution mixture and a mixture of both aggregates (sand and gravel). The concrete formulations were produced with a constant water/cement ratio of.5. The compressive strength for the all the mix in sand substitution increased except 1% replacement for sand. The 5% replacement of MD as sand had a highest increase of 2% to that of control mix and in case of coarse aggregate 75% MD replacement shows an increase of 25 %.[4] Rai et al (211) studied the effect of use of marble dust as a granular material in concrete. In the study the sand was replaced up to 2% with marble granular and the mechanical editor@iaeme.com

4 Chetan Thakur and Jagdeep Singh Gahir strength was evaluated and compare with the control mix. By increasing the waste marble granules the compressive strength values of concrete tends to increase. 1% replacement had an 11% increase in strength at 28 days. This trend can be attributed to the fact that marble granules possess cementing properties. It is also as much effective in enhancing cohesiveness due to lower fineness modulus of the marble powder or granules both. In case of flexural strength there was an increase in the strength up to 15 % replacement. [5] 3. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY This chapter deals with the project work flow methodology of this project. In this research paper the mixture of marble powder ratio of 9%, 1% and 11% was used in the concrete mix and sand is replaced by marble powder. Coarse aggregate ratio of 2.66 and fine aggregate ratio 1.5 and water ratio.38 with chemical admixture of.6% was used in this experiment. Effects of addition of marble dust, microsilica separately and together on properties of concrete are studied and each series having beam, cylinders and cubes as per IS code. The tests are conducted to find the flexural strength and compressive strength at 7 days and 28 days. At the age 7 days and 28days each mixture were tested and analyzed in order to find out the best effective mixture in following of strength characteristics of concrete mix Specimen Preparation and Test Procedure The cement quantity, amount of water for all batches and size of aggregates were judged by weight and all the ingredients were mixed in a laboratory mixer. It is advised that the entire mixing water must be added to mixing drum before the addition of solid material into it. This is to be done when a power loader charges the drum in which everything is to be mixed. Subsequently, half the coarse aggregates were loaded, then the fine aggregates, then cement and finally the remaining coarse aggregates are loaded in the mixer. The mixing is done for about 3 minutes. If admixture is used, it is diluted with some water and sprinkled at the last in the mix when the entire ingredients are loaded in the mixer. The mixing is to be done till the concrete is uniform in texture and appearance. Also, the mixing period should not be less than three minutes after the addition of all the materials into the drum. The entire procedure as laid down above was diligently followed for preparation of all the concrete mixes. The Slump test as described in IS: 1199:1959 was used to check the consistency of each batch of concrete. The slump for the mix was in range of 8-1 mm. The mould for test specimen conforming to IS: were used for casting of cubes and beams, as per laid down specifications for moulds to be used in tests of cement and concrete. Compression test specimen were cubical sized with dimensions of cm and for flexural test beam specimens were of the size of cm. Out of a total of 12 specimens which were casted out, 6 were cubic and the remaining 6 were beam specimens. The test sample was made as soon as practicable after mixing and in such a way as to produce full compaction of the concrete with neither segregation nor excessive laitance. Table vibrator was used for compaction of concrete in the mould. Storage of specimens was done in a place having temperatures ranging from C for 24 hours. The relative humidity was kept around 9%. The mixes were kept at a place free from vibrations. After this period, the specimen were marked and removed from the mould and then stored in clean water until the time of test. The test samples were cured in the curing tank which is available in laboratory. At the time of test the samples were tested immediately on removal from the water, when they were still in the wet condition. The samples were tested after a curing period of 7 and 28 days for compressive and flexural strength editor@iaeme.com

5 Effect of Micro-Silica and Marble Dust on Mechanical Properties of Concrete 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this section several experimental results are reported 1. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE 2. FLEXURAL STRENGTH OFCONCRETE Marble dust used Marble dust used %' 1%' 11%' 14%' 15%' 16%' Compressive strength(n/mm2) 7 days Flexural strength(n/mm2) 7 days Compressive strength(n/mm2) 28 days Flexural strength(n/mm2) 28 days Fig 1. Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete (marble dust alone). Micro silica used Fig 4. Effect on Flexural Strength of Concrete (marble dust alone) Microsilica used %' 8%' 9%' %' 8%' 9%' Compressive strength(n/mm2)7 days Flexural strength(n/mm2) 7 days Compressive strength(n/mm2)28 days Flexural strength(n/mm2) 28 days Fig 2. Effect on Compressive Strength Of Concrete (microsilica alone). Fig 5.Effect on Flexural Strength of Concrete (Microsilica alone) editor@iaeme.com

6 Chetan Thakur and Jagdeep Singh Gahir Marble Dust and Microsilica used Marble dust and microsilica used %+7%' 1%+8%' 11%+9%' 14%+7% 15%+8% 16%+9% Compressive strength(n/mm2)7 days Compressive strength(n/mm2)28 days Fig 3.Effect on Compressive Strength Of Concrete(Marble dust and Microsilica). Flexural strength(n/mm2) 7 days Flexural strength(n/mm2) 28 days Fig 6.Effect on Flexural Strength of Concrete (Marble dust and Microsilica). Effect of Marble Dust Alone It is evident from the data shown in Fig 1 that an increase in the replacement content of sand with marble dust first enhances the compressive strength of concrete but then after a certain %age the compressive strength gets reduced. However the strength always increases for all ages i.e for 7 and 28 days at a particular marble dust percentage as per the experiments. Effect of Micro-Silica Addition Alone The same trend can be seen for the micro-silica content as well in Fig 2. The compressive strength first increases and then decreases with an increase in the micro-silica %. However the strength always increases for all ages i.e for 7 and 28 days at a particular marble dust percentage as per the experiments. Effect of Marble Dust and Micro-Silica Addition Combined The Fig.3 shows the variation in compressive strength of concrete mixes cast using both marble dust and furnace slag, in varying proportions, as replacement of sand or fine aggregates. The highest early age strength, 7 days, could be achieved by using only 1% marble dust as sandreplacement indicating that marbleust replacement helps in early age strength development. The highest strength in compression at 28 days could be achieved by using a combination of the two materials 1% marble dust and 8% microsilica. This indicates that the pozzolanic reaction of microsilica helped in gaining strength from a period of 7 to 28 days. Effect of Marble Dust Alone It is evident from the data shown in Fig 4 that an increase in the replacement content of sand with marble dust first enhances the flexural strength of concrete but then after a certain %age the compressive strength gets reduced. However the strength always increases for all ages i.e for 7 and 28 days at a particular marble dust percentage as per the experiments editor@iaeme.com

7 Effect of Micro-Silica and Marble Dust on Mechanical Properties of Concrete Effect of Micro-Silica Addition Alone The same trend can be seen for the micro-silica content as well in Fig.5. The flexural strength first increases and then decreases with an increase in the micro-silica %. However the strength always increases for all ages i.e for 7 and 28 days at a particular marble dust percentage as per the experiments. Effect of Marble Dust And Micro-Silica Addition Combined The Fig.6 shows the variation in Flexural strength of concrete mixes cast using both marble dust and furnace slag, in varying proportions, as replacement of sand or fine aggregates. The highest early age flexural strength, 7 days, could be achieved by using a 15% mix of marble dust with an 8% by weight amount of Microsilica as sand replacement. The highest strength in flexure at 28 days could be achieved by using the same combination of the two materials i.e 15% marble dust and 8% microsilica. This indicates that the pozzolanic reaction of microsilica helped in gaining strength from a period of 7 to 28 days. 5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE The properties of material used for making concrete mix are determined in laboratory under controlled conditions as per relevant IS codes of practice. The material characterization was carried out for all the major ingredients of concrete which include cement, super-plasticizer, coarse aggregates, fine aggregate sand water along with marble dust and furnace slag. The use of the characterization is to check their acceptability as per relevant Indian standards so as to enable an engineer to design a concrete mix for a particular strength. The properties of the various materials, which were used in this study, are presented and discussed in the succeeding sub-sections. Leaving the industrial waste like marble dust, steel dust and other directly can cause harmful effects to the environment and also on the living being. This type of waste can be used to make new product like bricks so that natural resources are used more efficiently and also protect from waste deposits. The proposed work is done on the marble dust which is in the form of solid waste and stone slurry. The experiment is performed on marble dust which is used to make the bricks. After making the bricks their performance is tested on compressive strength, water absorption test and flexure strength. The results are noted on adding 9%, 1%, 11% of marble dust for cube specimen and 14%,15%,16% for beam specimen along with different proportions of micro silica. Following Observation come in results: The replacement content of sand with marble dust first enhances the flexural strength of concrete but then after a certain %age the compressive strength gets reduced. Micro-silica can be used as an ideal replacement for sand if later ages strengths are a priority, whereas marble dust would serve well for mixes where early age strength is the need. Achieved by using a 15% mix of marble dust with an 8% by weight amount of Micro silica as sand replacement. REFERENCES [1] Ergün, Ali. (211). Effects of the usage of diatomite and waste marble powder as partial replacement of cement on the mechanical properties of concrete. Construction and building materials, 25(2), [2] Topcu, B. I., Bilir, T., Uygunog, T.(29) Effect of waste marble dust content as filler on properties of self-compacting concrete Construction and Building Materials Vol. 23 page no editor@iaeme.com

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