Tree Identification Topics: Original Bearing and Line Trees

Transcription

1 Tree Identification Topics: Original Bearing and Line Trees Staples

2 Common Original Bearing Trees: (Minnesota s Database contains 352,896) Bearing tree data collected during the public land surveys in the latter half of the nineteenth century indicates that tamarack was the most abundant tree in Minnesota at the time of settlement, followed by trembling aspen, bur oak, and paper birch; black spruce was fifth. Trees and shrubs of Minnesota Welby R. Smith, MN DNR (Tamarack: 59,651) Fagaceae (oaks, white: 47,484) Salicaceae (aspen: 45,702) Betulaceae (birches: 28,038) (spruce: 33,802) Others (pines, fir) Ulmaceae (elm) (white cedar) Aceraceae (maples)

3 Bureau of Land Management Documents

4 Generic group or Table Average age... common name: Deciduous Durability Ranking as a Bearing Tree Description of Lifespan Maturity Estimate Maximum Life Span Potential Frequency as Bearing Tree Willow / black willow Poor short 55 <85 I =infrequent Aspens /Poplar Poor short rapid decline <100 F= frequent Cottonwood Balsam poplar Poor to Fair short med rapid decline <125 typical <200, Birches (paper, yellow) Fair short to med 50-75:150 <125 : 150 M Soft maples Poor to Fair Boxelder short Red, silver short to med <100 to 150 M=moderate Hard maples Very good Sugar, Black med to long ( ) M Bitternut hickory Very good med-long 200 I Elm Good to Very good med M Hackberry Fair med-long I Ashes Fair to Good Black short 100 M Green med M White med-long M Cherry Very Poor to Good med I Basswood / linden Very good med Long-lived root M Coniferous Black walnut Excellent long I Red oaks White oaks Good Very Good Black med M Pin long M Red long (500) M Swamp med M Bur long remnant trees F White long >500 M Balsam fir Poor med M Tamarack Fair to Very Good med 75 ( ) (350) F Spruce, black / white Poor to Good med, long F Cedar, red / white Very Good long F Pines Very Good Excellent Jack White /red short long <100, < I F

5 Heartwood Decay Resistance Moderately Slightly or Very resistant Resistant resistant nonresistant Black locust Catalpa Cherry, black Ashes Red mulberry Eastern redcedar Douglas-fir Aspens Osage-orange Northern white cedar Honey locust Birches Oaks, white Pine, Buckeye Walnut, black (eastern white, old growth) Butternut Cottonwood Tamarack Larch Basswood Elms Firs, true Baldcypress, old growth Baldcypress, young growth Hackberry Redwood, old growth Redwood, young growth Hemlocks Hickories Maples Although heartwood is more susceptible to decay than is sapwood in living trees, for many species, the sapwood of wood products is more susceptible to decay than is the heartwood. Clausen, Carol. Chapter 14 - Biodeterioration of Wood. Forest Products Laboratory Wood Handbook - Wood as an engineering material. General Technical Report FPL-GTR-190. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 508 pgs. Oaks, red Pines, (other than listed) Spruces Willows

6 Resources: Compiled: February 2016 Web links verified: January 2017 Bureau of Land Management: Surveyors notes for surveys done in MN Bureau of Land Management: Publications: Guide to the Identification of Bearing Tree Remains. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service. Accessed 2/ Durability of Bearing Trees. Bureau of Land Management. Accessed 2/ Minnesota s Bearing Tree Database Tree Longevity Hightshoe, Gary L. Native Trees, Shrubs and Vines for Urban and Rural America: A Planting Design Manual for Environmental Designers. Iowa State University. Silvics of North America: Agriculture Handbook 654. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service. Accessed 2/ Dave Hanson, MnDOT Office of Environmental Stewardship Roadside Vegetation Management David.L.Hanson@state.mn.us Decay Resistance Forest Products Laboratory Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material. General Technical Report FPL-GTR-190. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 508 pgs.