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3 = = = = = 254!"#$% 2013!"#$!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&'(!"#$!!"#$!"%&'()*+,-!!"#$%&'()*+,-.!!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"#$%&'!()!!"#$%&'!()!! J0.1 J0.2 J0.3 J0.4 (a) !"#$% (b) !"#$% J0.1 J0.2 J0.3 J !"#$%&'()*+,-./01223 Fig. 2 Correlation coefficients between tree-ring width index and monthly climate factors ====!"#$%&'()*+%,-(#.!!"#$%&'()*11! 7!"#$% x16z!"#$%6!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$!"#$%&'!"#$%!"&'!"#$%&' x6z!"#$%&6!"#$! 6!"#$%&'(!6!"#$6!"#$%&'()!"# 0.49! 99.9%!"F ====!"#$%&'()*+,#-! 0.05!"#$!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+, P==!"#$ ====!"#$ 6!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+, T = X======================(1) T 6!"#X!"#$%!"!"#$% !"#25.9%F! !"#$ ====!"#!"#$%&'()*+!"#$!"#$2!"#$!"#$ !"#$%&'!"#S1!"S2!"!"#$%&'(!"#$%& 0.05!"#$!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&!"#$%&!!"#$ 3!"#!"#!"#$ !"#$!"#!"# $%&'()*+, 2==!"#$%&'()* Table 2 Statistical parameters of the transfer function and cross-validation!"r 2!"#$%R 2 adj!"#$!!" t F!" 25.9% 24.3% 33 (32, 34) 31 (31, 32) !"#$% !"#$%&
4 !"#$ / !"#$%&'()& Fig. 3 Observed and reconstructed values of mean air temperature in June Q==!"#$% QKN==! ==== 4!"#$%&' !"#!"#$%& 18.3 σ 0.43!"#$%& 2σ 19.16!"#$% &!"#$ 2σ 17.44!"#$% &!"#298!"#!$%&'8! 2.7% 4!"!"#$% 3! 4! / ! 11!" !"#$%&'() 11!" Fig. 4 Reconstructed June mean air temperature (thin line), it s 11-year moving average (thick line) and sampling number (dashed line) ====!"#$JC!"!" x8z!"#$1837!"#$% EGGF x9z!"# 7!"#$ EMEKF x5z!"#$%& '() CX x17z!"#$%&xbqf x18z!"#$%&'(zsfliang x19z!"#$%&'()ys!" x20z!"#bx!"#$%&' 3 3!" 3!" !"#$!"#$%&'4!" !"#$%&'()*+,-!!"!"#!"#$!"#$%&'()*+!"!"#$%&'#$%()* 3!"!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&'(!"#$%& ====!"#1950!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+!"# P!"#$%&'()50!"#$%&! x21z =50!"#$%&'()!"#$%& x22z!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+, x23z!"#$ %&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%!" QKO==!"# ====!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"# 0.01!"#$%& 23 a 78 a!"#!"#$%&'(!"!"#$%&'( 5F!"#!"# 2030 a3264 a a!"#$%&'!"#$!"#$%&!"#$%&'(20 30 a!"#$%&' a!"#$%&'19!70130 a!"#$%&' Q!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'()*+,-./%&!"#$%&'(!"#!
5 = = = = = 256!"#$% ==!"#$%&'()*+,-. Table 3 Duration of warm and cold periods in different areas! JC EF GG EF MEK EF CX EF ZS EF BX EF YS EF JC EF GG EF MEX EF CX EF ZS EF BX EF XBQ EF YS EF (a) (b) R==! /a !"#$%&!"#$% 0.05!!"(a)!"#(b)! Fig. 5 Wavelet analysis of the reconstructed June mean air temperature series (The dotted shaded areas indicate significance at the 95% confidence level) (a) wavelet power spectrum, (b) wavelet variance ====23 a!"#$%&'!"#!"!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()*+ 23 a!!"#$%&' 6!"#$ x5z!"#$% 7!"# x9z!"#$%&'()*+,-. x24z!"# (1)!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'(!"#$%&' 6!"#$%&'()*!"#$%!"#$%&!"#$%&'( 6!"#$!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&' (2)!"#$!"#!$%& 8!"#$ 2.7%!"#$% 3! 4!!" !" (3)!"#$%&!"# 23 a 78 a2030 a3264 a a! 23 a!"#$%&'!!"!"#$%&
6 !"#$ 4 257! [1] IPCC. Meeting report of IPCC expert meeting on detection and attribution related to anthropogenic climate change [R]. Bern: IPCC WGI Technical Support Unit, University of Bern, 2010: 55 [2] Fritts H C. Tree rings and climate [M]. London: Academic Press, 1976: [3] LaMarche V C. Tree-ring evidence of past climatic variability [J]. Nature, 1978, 276 (5686): [4],.!"#$%&'()*+,-.=[J]., 1999, 19 (1): [5],,,.!"#$%&'()*+,! [J].!"#$%, 2008, 28 (4): [6] Wu P, Wang L L, Shao X M. Reconstruction of summer temperature variation from maximum density of alpine pine during 1917J2002 for west Sichuang Plateau, China [J]. J Geogra Sci, 2008, 18 (2): [7],,,.!"#$%&' 1750!!"#$% [J].!", 2007, 27 (4): [8],,,.!"#$%&'()*+, 1837!"#$% [J].!, 2010, 55 (11): [9],,,.!" 7!"#$%&'!"#$% [J].!, 2012, 31 (1): [10],,,.! 6 7!"#$%& [J].!, 2012, 32 (4): [11].! [M]. :!", 1991 [12] Holmes R L. Computer-assisted quality control in tree-ring dating and measurement [J]. Tree-Ring Bulletin, 1983, 43: [13] Cook E R. A time series analysis approach to tree-ring standardization [C]. Tucson: University of Arizona, 1985: [14].=!"#$%&'()*[M]. :!", 1999 [15] Kohler M A. On the use of double-mass analysis for testing the consistency of meteorological record and for making required adjustment [J]. Bull Amer Meteor Soc, 1949, 30: [16] Liang E Y, Eckstein D. Dendrochronological potential of the alpine shrub Rhododendron nivale on the south-eastern Tibetan Plateau [J]. Annals of Botany, 2009, 104 (4): [17].!"#$% [J].!", 1995 (3): [18].!"#$%&'()*+, [J].!, 1973, 16 (2): [19] Liang E Y, Shao X M, Qin N S. Tree-ring based summer temperature reconstruction for the source region of the Yangtze River on the Tibetan Plateau [J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2008, 61 (3): [20],,,. 2000!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'() [J].! : D, 1999, 29: [21],,,.!"#$%&'( [J].!", 2011, 7 (2): [22],,,.!"#$%&'() [J].!", 2007, 1 (1): 1-10 [23],,.!"#$%&'()*+,-. [J]., 2003, 22 ( ): [24],,,.!"#$%&'()*+,!" [J].!, 2007, 27 (2): Variations of June Air Temperature Derived from Tree-Ring Records in 1713J2010 in Jinchuan, West Sichuan Plateau, China Xiao Dingmu 1, 4, Qin Ningsheng 1, 2, 3, Li Jinjian 3, Li Yuanyuan 3 1 School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu , China; 2 Chengdu Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Chengdu , China; 3 Agrometeorological Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu , China; 4 Sichuan Provincial Meteorological Office, Chengdu , China Abstract: Tree-ring width of Picea schrenkiana sampled at Jinchuan and its response to climate change were analyzed. Correlation analysis indicates that the tree-ring chronology and the June mean air temperature at Jinchuan station in the West Sichuan Plateau was significantly correlated. The June mean air temperature series of 1713J2010 at Jinchuan was well reconstructed. Its reliability was substantiated by the leave-one-out method. According to the reconstructed temperature series, the June mean air temperature over the period was The reconstructed series contained three warm periods: 1825J1839, 1854J1892 and 1951J1961, as well as four cold periods: 1792J1804, 1842J 1853, 1864J1893 and 1911J1924. Power spectrum analysis and wavelet analysis show that the series had variation periods of 2J3, 7J8, 20J30, 32J64 and 70J130 years. Key words: West Sichuan Plateau; tree-ring width; climatic reconstruction; mean air temperature
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