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1 Q = R OMMU V!"#$% ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH Vol.4, No.5 September, !" (2008) !"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+,-./012!!!!!"#$%!"&'()*+,-./01=NMMMUN =!"#!"#$%&LULUCF!"!#$%"&'()*!"#$%"&'()!"#$%&'( !" 4 a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yueli@ami.ac.cn Adv. Clim. Change Res., 2008, 4 (5): 277J

2 = = = 278!"#$% =OMMU! 3 ====!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$%&!"#$%&'()"!"#$%& LULUCF!"#$!"#$%!"#$%&' LULUCF!"#!"#$%&'()*+ LULUCF!"#$%!"#$%&'!"# N==!" irir`c NKN==!" irir`c==! O 1.1.1==!"# ====!"#$%&'()*+,-./01 1)!"#$2)!"#LULUCF!"#$%&'3) LULUCF!"#$!"3.1!"#$%&'4) LULUCF!"#$%"&'()5) LULUCF!"#$%&'()*+,-./0)12!6)!"#$%&' ()*+,- 7) LULUCF!"#$"%&'()*"+,!"8)! CO 2!"!"!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'()*#+, ==!"#$%& ====!"3.4!"#$%&'()*+,!"!"#$%&'!"#$ 1990!"#$LULUCF!"!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123!"#$%&'JI!"#$!"#$%&'()*+,-. (1)!"1990!!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,-+3.3!!!"#$%&'()3.3!"!"#$%&'()*900t!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'(!" 3.3!"#$!"#$ 900 t!"#$ 0.15!"#$!"!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+,-./0&#3%!"#$%&'(%)*+,-./3.4!"#$%&'()*+,- 3.3!"#$JI!"#$%&'()*+! LULUCF!"#$%&'() (2)!"#$!"#$!"!3!"#$3!"#$% J!"#!"#$%!"&'!"#$!"#$%&'()0.15!"#$%&'()*+,-./ (3)!" CDM!"!"#!$%&'() CDM!"#$%&'()*+,)*-./01!"#$%&'( 1% NKO==irir`c==!"#$%&'()* ====!" !"!"!"!"#$%&'() 3.3%3.9%!"#$%JI!"#$% t!!"#$%&'()*+%,-. x4j5z 2007! !"#$!"1!!" 25!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"#$%&8%12%5%5%7%2%!"#$%&'( LULUCF!"!"#!"! 1=!"#$%&'()*+,-./ Table 1 Greenhouse gas emissions in base year and removals from some Annex I Parties!!"#$%&!"#$% /Tg! (!!"#$% +JI+CDM)/Tg!"#$ /% ~ ~ %~12%!"#$%&'()*=[6]!"#$ [7]!"!"# $% CO 2 5% 5%~7% 2% 278 Adv. Clim. Change Res., 2008, 4 (5): 277J281

3 R!"!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+,-./ NKP==!"#$%&'() ====!"#$%&'(!!"!"#$% x6z!"#$%&!!"!"#27!"#$%&'()*+ 1 1!!!!"!27!"#$%&'()* !"#$%&'() Tg CO 2!"!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123!" LULUCF!"#$"%&'!"!"#$%!"#$%&!"#$%&!"!"#!"#$%&' /Tg 200! J100 J200 J300 J400 J500 J600 J !"#$%&'()*+ L Fig. 1 Status of carbon emissions/removals by forest management from some Annex I Parties NKQ==!" irir`c!"#$ (1)!"#$%&'( )* +,&-!!"#$!" #$%&'!"#$!"#$ J!"3.3! 1990!"#$!"!"#$%&'(!"#$%&"' J!"3.7! (2)!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'()*!"#$ (3)!"#$%&!'()*J!"#$%&'(%)*+,-./!"#$%&'()*+,- (4)!"#$%&'()*!"#!"#$%&'()*+,-./0 (5) 1990!"#$%&!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'()*!" J!" #$%&' (6)!"#$%&'()(*+,!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'()*+,- O==!" irir`c ====12!"#$%&'()*+,-./!"#!"#$%&'()*+," LULUCF!"#$!"!"#$%&'()*+,-!"!"#$% LULUCF!"#$%& OKN==!" irir`c! U ====!"2012 LULUCF!"# 1) LULUCF!!!"#$ 2)!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$3)!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()*+,-./012!"#$%&'4) LULUCF!"!!"#$%&'()*+,-.5) LULUCF!" LULUCF!"#!"#$%&'()*+,-!".!"#$%!"#$%& LULUCF!"#$%&'()*+ OKO==!"#$%irir`c!"#$ ====!"#$%&'()*"+,-.! LULUCF!"#!"#$%&'()!"#$%& LULUCF!"# 8!"# 9! 10! 8!"#$%&'()*+,-./012 Adv. Clim. Change Res., 2008, 4 (5): 277J

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irir`c==!" ====!"#$%&'()!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123!"#$!"#$!" LULUCF! LULUCF!"!"#$%!!"#!" LULUCF!"#$%&' 7 (1)!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$% LULUCF!" (2)!"#$%!"#$!!"#$%&'()*+,-./ LULUCF!"#$%&'(!"#$!" J!"#$!"#$%&!"#$%&'( (3)!"#$%&'()*+,-./!"#$%&'()!"!"#$%&'(")*+ (4)!"3.4!"# LULUCF!"#$%&'()*+,-. CO 2!"#$%&'()*+,(-./!"!!"#$%&!"# (5)!"#$%&''()*+,!-!"#$%&'() LULUCF!"#$%&'()*+,-./'!"# (6)!"#$%&'()*%&+ LULUCF!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$%&'()*+,-./!!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"#$%&LULUCF!"#$%&!"#$%&!"#$%&'() LULUCF!"#$%&'( LULUCF!"#$%&'() (7)!"#$%&'()* LULUCF!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'()*+,-./+0!"#!"#$%&'()*+ 280 Adv. Clim. Change Res., 2008, 4 (5): 277J281

5 R!"!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+,-./ ! [1] UNFCCC. The Kyoto Protocol to the Convention on Climate Change docs/2005/cmp1/eng/08a03.pdf [R] [8] UNFCCC. Views and Information on the Means to Achieve Mitigation [2] [3] UNFCCC. The Marrakesh Accords & the Marrakech Declaration [R] UNFCCC. Conclusions Adopted by the Ad Hoc Working Group on 2008/MISC.1 [R/OL] [2008J04J01]. docs/2008/awg5/eng/ misc01.pdf Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol at Its Resumed Fourth Session Held in Bali [R/OL] resource/docs/2007/awg4/eng/05.pdf [9] UNFCCC. Views and Information on the Means to Achieve Mitigation 2008/MISC.1/Add.1 [R/OL]. 2008[2008J04J01]. [4] [5] [6] [7] UNFCCC. Submission on Land-Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry. FCCC/SBSTA/2000/MISC.6 [R]. August 1, 2000 UNFCCC. Submission on Land-Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry. FCCC/SBSTA/2000/MISC.6/Add.1 [R]. August 1, 2000 UNFCCC. Total CO 2 Equivalent Emissions without Land Use, Land- Use Change and Forestry [R/OL]. 2007[2008J04J01]. ghg_emissions_data/ghg_data_from_unfccc/ghg_profiles/ items/ 3954.php UNFCCC. Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry. FCCC/KP/CMP/ 2005/ 8/Add.3 [R/OL]. 2005[2008J04J01]. resource / resource/docs/2008/awg5/eng/ misc01a01.pdf [10] UNFCCC. Views and Information on the Means to Achieve Mitigation 2008/MISC.1/Add.2 [R/OL]. 2008[2008J04J01]. resource/docs/2008/awg5/eng/ misc01a02.pdf [11] UNFCCC. Views and Information on the Means to Achieve Mitigation 2008/MISC.1/Add.3 [R/OL]. 2008[2008J04J01]. resource/docs/2008/awg5/eng/ misc01a03.pdf Parties Views and Suggestions for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Rules for the Second Commitment Period Li Yu e, Qin Xiaobo, Wan Yunfan, Gao Qingzhu, Bi Xinxin (Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing , China) Abstract: Enhancing carbon sequestration in land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) is one of the most important means to reduce the growth rate of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. It took 4 years (1997J2001) to reach agreement on definitions, modalities, rules and guidelines related to LULUCF activities under the Kyoto Protocol. In 2008, international community began to negotiate how to treat LULUCF rules for the second commitment period. The views on means to achieve mitigation objectives of Annex I Parties are summarized. The main position from developed countries is to offer more incentives to reduce emissions and enhance removals, to reduce the complexity of LULUCF rules and the costs, and to include more eligible activities under Article 3.4 of Kyoto Protocol. The aim is to utilize more carbon sinks generated by LULUCF activities to fulfill the emission reduction commitment. The main position from developing countries is to consider the emission and uptake from LULUCF activities symmetrically. At the end of this paper, suggestions on the development of LULUCF rules for the second commitment period are proposed. Key words: the second commitment period; LULUCF; rules; policy suggestions Adv. Clim. Change Res., 2008, 4 (5): 277J