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1 = = = 6 = 5!"#$% 00 9 ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH Vol. 6 No. 5 September 00!"67-79 (00) !"#$%&'(!"#$%&'( ====!"#!$%&'()!"*+,-.'/0%&*+=NMMNVM =!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&'(CCS!"#$%!"#$%&'()*!!"#$%&'()*CCS!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"!"#$%&'CCS!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$%&'()*+CCS!"#$%&'!"#$%&'( CCS!"#$ %& CCS!"#$%&'(!"#$!!"#$%&'()*+,-. CCS!"#$%&'()*+,!CCS!"!!"P6.7 ==!"#A = ====!"#$%!"#$%&!"#$%&'(')*+,-./!"#$%&'()*+, xjz carbon capture and storageccs!"!"# CO!"#$%&%'()*+,!"#!"#$%&'( xz!"#$%!"#975!"co!"!"#$%989!"#$%mit x 4z!"#$%&'($)*+,-. CO!"!"90% CO!!"#$!"#$%&'()*+! xji5j7z N==``p!"# NKN==! ====CCS!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$CCS!"#$%&'() CCS!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+ 000 CCS!"#$%&' (")*+!"#$ CCS!"#$%&' CO!"#$%&'()*!!"#$%IPC!"#$%!"#$%CCS!"#$%&'()! !! CCS /Gt CO !"#$%&'()*+,-!"# 00!"#$% [8] Fig. Average annual number of patents in the field of global greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction over 998J005 and the GHG emission reduction potentials before 00 [8]!= = !!"#$%TMUORMMNTMVQNMPV!"#$% STRACO! 966!!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$% yfan@casipm.ac.cn 6 Adv. Clim. Change Res., 00, 6 (5): 6J69

2 4!!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'( 6 ====!"#!!"!"!"#$%&'!"#$ xz!"#$%&' CO!"#$ L!"!"#$%&'() CO!"#$%&'( x9z!"!"#$%&ccs!"#$%&'( CO!"#$%&'()*+!"# CCS!"# 75%!"#$%&' CO!"#$ 4060 /t!"!"# 0 /t ====!"#!"# CO!"# xz CCS CO!"#! CO!"!"#$%!!"#$%&'()*+)CCS CO! x0z!"#$%&# CO!"#$%&'()*+,-./0 ====!"# CO!"#$%&'!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+!"!"#$%"&'()*+,-!"# CO!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'(!"#$%CO!"#$%&'()*+,-./0 F!"#$%!"#CO!" xz CO!"#$%&'()*!"!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"#$%&'!"#$%&!"#$%!&'()*+,-./!"#$%&'() 0!"#$%&'()!!"#!"#$% CO!"#!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+, BPTOTALShell ====!"# CCS!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'(near zero emission coal, NZEC!"#!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'()*+,-./!!"#$%&'()*+,-./0 CO!"#$%&'()*!!"#$%&'()*+,-.!/!"#$%&'()*+,- ====!"#$%&'()*+,-./ CO!"! CCS!CCS!"#$%&'()*+ F!"#$%&'()*+)!!"!"#$%&'()*+,-.!") CO!"#$%&'(!"!"#$%&) CCS!"!"#$%&!"#$%&'( CCS!"#$%&!"#$%&' O== ``p!"#$%&%'()* ====CCS!"#$%&'()*+CO!"#$%&!"#$!"#!"#$%&#'(')*!" CCS!"#$%& NKO==! ====!"#$%&'()*+,-.40!"#$%!"#$%&!"!"!"#$% CCS!"#$!"#$%!"#$%&#$'()!"#$%&'(!"#$%!"#$%&!"#$%&'()* OKN==! "# ``p!" ==== CCS!"#$%&'()*+, CCS!"#$%&'!"#$%!"!"#$!"#$ CO!"#$%&!"#$%&'!"#$%&'$()*+,-./0 F!"! CCS!"#$% =!"#$%!& =!" Adv. Clim. Change Res., 00, 6 (5): 6J69 6

3 = = = 64 =00 =CCS!"#$%&'( Table Technology development status quo of CCS system components CCS! CCS!"# N!"#$%& O!!!"#$!F 4 4!=(EOR) 4!!"#$!"!"#$%=(ECBM)!!!F!!F!"!"#$! CO!" 4 )!"#$%!"!"!"#$%&'(4!"# )!"#$%&'()*+,-./0+,456789: = CCS!"#$%& Table International conventions related to CCS technology! CCS!"#!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,- 99!"#$%&'()*!"#$%!"#$%&'()=E 99!" 4..d F!"#$%&'()*CO!"#$%&'E..a F!"#$%&!"#$%&'!"#!"#$%&'()*+,-.$/0=E 5/CP.7 997!"#$! 6 F IPCC!"# CCS! 00!" =ECMP. 7 F!"#$%&!"#$%&'!()*+,!"#$%&'!"#$%&'!!CMP. 8 F!"#$%&'( CO! 98!"#$%&'!"#$%&'#()*+,-.!"# 996!"# CO CO!"#$%&'()*+ 4 97!"#!"#$%& CO!"#$%&'()* 985!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%F!"#$%&'( CCS!"#!!"#$%&'()*+!!"#$%&'()*+ ====!"#$%&'()*CCS 64 Adv. Clim. Change Res., 00, 6 (5): 6J69

4 5!!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'( 65 CCS!"#$%&'!"#$%&'!"#$ CCS!"#!"!"#$%&'()*+,-. E!"#$ Sleipner!F!"#$!"#$%&E!"#$!"#$%&'F CCS!"#$ CCS!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"#$ ====!"CO!"#$%&'(!"#$!"#$%&'()*+,!"# CO!"#$%&'()*!"!"#$%&'()#*+,-!"#$%&'()CO 006!!"#$%&'() CO!!"#$%&'() *+,-!"!"#$%& CO!"# OKO==!"#$%&'() ``p! ==== CCS!"#$%!"#$! 4!" CCS!"!!"#$%&!"!"#$%!"#$%6%!"#CCS!!"#$CCS!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,-!"# CCS!"# CCS! 0!"!"#$% CCS! CCS!"#$%&' OKP==!"# ``p! ==== CCS!"#$%!"#$ CCS!"#$%&'(#)*( F CCS!"#$%&!"#$%!"#$"%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#!"#CCS!"#$%&'()*!"#$%!"#!"!"#$%&'()!"#$% CCS!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$ CCS!"#$%&'()*+ ====!"#$ CCS!"#$%&!CCS!"#$%&'(CCS!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'()*%+F 008!CO!"#$! CO!"#$%&'()*!"!"#$ CO! 00!"#!"# CCS 05!"CO 90%!"#$%& ====!CCS!"#$CCS!" EDirective 85/7/ECF!"#$Directive 000/60/ECDirective 004/5/ECF!"# Directive 00/80/EC!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+, ====!"#$%&'()*+EU-ETSF CCS!"#$!"#0!"!" EU-ETS!"# CCS!!"# CCS!"#$%&!"#$%&'()!"#$%&' CCS! ETS!"#$ CCS!"#$% 009 6!"!"#$%&'()*+,-./!!"# CCS!"#$%&' ====!"#$%&' CCS CCS!"#$%&'()CCS!"!"!"#$%&'(! CCS!"#$%&!"#$!"#$%!"#$%&'(%)* CCS!"!"# 05!"#$%&'( CCS!"#$%&'()*+',-./ ====!"#$%& CCS!"#!"#$%&!"#$CCS! =Sleipner!" NVVS!"#$ CO!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&'()!"#$% 00 t CO =IEAGHG. Greenhouse Issues, No. 84, 006 Adv. Clim. Change Res., 00, 6 (5): 6J69 65

5 = = = 66 =00 = CCS! Table The EU CCS policies!!"#$ CCS!"!!"#$%&'!" CCS!!"#$%&'()*+,- CCS!"#$%&'()!" 00!"# CO!"#$%&'( 5%!"#$%&'() CCS!"!"#$%&!"#$%&'!"#$!"#$%&' CCS!"#$%$&'(!!"#$%& (SET-Plan)!"#$%& 7 (FP7)!"!#$%&'()*+!"#$%&'!!"#$%&"'()!* CCS!"#$!"#$%=(ENCAP)!"!"#$%=(CSLF)!"#$%&'() (COACH)!"#$%&'()=(STRACO)!"# CO!"#$%&' 00!" CO =(ZEP)!"#$%&!"#$%&'=(NZEC)! CCS!!"#$%&' CCS!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&'()!"# CO!"#$!"#$%& CCS!"#$%!"#$% CCS!"#$%&!!"#$%&'!"=(ZEP)!"#$%&'!!" CO!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()* CCS!"#$%!"#$%$&'()*+,!"#$%&'()*+,!" CCS (COACH)! AlstomBP SINTEF Doosan BabcockI=Shell BP!"#$%&'()*+,-./!! CCS!"#$%&'!"#!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,-./ CCS!!"#$!"#$%!"#$!"!"#$%&'() 007!"#$%& CCS!"#$%!"#$%&'!"!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&'()*! CCS!"#!"#$% CCS!"#$%&'()*!"#=(EIA)!"#$%&'!"#$% CCS!!"#$!"#$%&'!!"#$%& '()!*+,-./0!"#!"#$% CCS!"!"#$ ====!"#$%CCS!"#$%!"CCS!"#!"#$%&!"#$!"#$%& EU-ETS!"# $%! CCS!"#$! CCS EU-ETS!"#$%!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()!"#!"#$%&'()*!"#$!"#$% CCS!"!"#$%&'()*+,- ====!"#EIB CCS!"EIB = CCS!"#$%!!"#$%&'()*+,-.=(ZEP) 66 Adv. Clim. Change Res., 00, 6 (5): 6J69

6 5!!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'( 67 CCS!"#$%&'()*+,-./!" CCS!"#$%&'!"#$ CCS!"#$%&'()!"!"#$%&'! CCS CCS!"#$%& '()*!"#CER!" OKQ== ``p!"#$ ==== CCS!"#$%&'!"#!"#$%&CCS!"#$%&!"#$%!"#$%&'( ====!"#$%&'()*CO!" CO!"#$%&!"#!"#$!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"!"# CO!"#$%&'(!"#"$%& CCS!"#!!"#$%&'()*+,-./ ====!"#$ CCS!"#$%&!"#$%&CCSE!"!!"#$%&'()*+,F CCS!"#$%&'!"#$%&' E!"#$F ENCAP!"!"#!"#$%&'() CCS!" xz!"#$%&' CO!"#$%&'()*+, ) xz CO )!"#$BECSF!"#$%&'( CCS!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'()!"#$%&' CCS!"#$%&'(!"#$!"#$%&'!"#$%&'() CO SO x NO x!"#$%& x4j6z!"#$%&'()*+",-./0 ==== CCS!"#$%&'(!"!"#$%&'() CCS!!!"!"#$%&'()*+!!"#$%&!"#!"#$ CCS!"Shackley x7z!!" CCS!"#$%&'(!"#$! 05 CCS!!"#$%&'()* P==``p!"#$%&'()*+ ====009!"#$%&'()*+!"#$% 00 GDPCO %45%!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"!"!"#$%&'()*+,-./!"#$%&'()*+,CCS!"!" PKN==! ====!"#!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%!&'()&'*+!,-!"# CCS!"#$%&'()(!"#$%&'!"#$%&'( CO 85%95%!"!"#$ 50%CCS!CO!"#005!"# 0 t 005!!"#$% 0%%!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&!"#$%&'() PKO==! CCS!"#$%&') CCS!"!"#$%!"#$%&'()* CCS!"#$%&'( CO!"#!"#$%&'()*+,-!"! CCS!"#$%&'()* 48% 6% /4 xz! 50% CCS!" 005!"#$%& t! 005!"#$.%9.%!!"#!" ) CCS!"#$%&'()!" Adv. Clim. Change Res., 00, 6 (5): 6J69 67

7 = = = 68 =00!"#$%&'CCS!"#$%&'!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&'()*$+,-!"#$ %&'()*+, - )!"#$%&'CCS!"#!"#$%&'()*+ PKP== ====!"#$%&CCS!"#$%&!"#$%!" CCS!"!"#$%&'!"!"#$ CCS!"!"#$% E005!"#"$%&'( / EkWhFF!"#$ CCS!"#$% /EkWhF xz!"#$%$! 0.5 /EkWhF!"#$%&'! CCS!"#$%&'()* Q==!" ====!"#$%&'() CO!"# xz CCS!"#$%&'()*+, CCS!"#$%!"!"#$!"#$%&'() CCS!" ()!CCS!"#$%&'()*!"#!"CCS!"#$%&'!" CCS!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%!"#$%&' ( CCS!"!"#$%&'()CCS!"#$%!!"#$%&!"#$%&!!"# CCS!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+, ()!"CCS!"#$%&'!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+!"#$ CCS!"#!"!"#!"#$%&'()*+,!"# CCS!"#$%!"#!"#$%&'()*+,-./&+0 CCS!"#$!"#$% CCS!"#$!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'!!"#$%&'(!"!"!"#$%!"!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%! "#$%&'()*+,-./0 () CCS!"#$ %& CCS!"#$%&'() CCS!!"#$%&'()!"#$%F!"CCS!"#$%&'( CCS!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&'()*+,-./#0!"#$%CCS!"#!"#!"CCS!"#$%!"#$!"!"#$%&'()*+,-. CCS!"#$!" CCS (4) CCS!"#$%&'%(CCS!"#$%&'()*+,-.+/ IPCC!"CCS!"#$%&'() CCS!"#$%&'() 70%!"#!"#$%&'"(!" CCS!"#$%&'()!"#$!"#$%&'()*+,-./CCS!" CCS!"#$%&'()*! [] IPCC. Climate change 000: impacts and adaptation [M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 00: 4J58 [] [] [4] [5] [6] IPCC. Climate change 007: the physical science basis [M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 007: 97J6 IPCC. Carbon dioxide capture and storage [M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 005: J59 Gibbins J, Chalmers H. Carbon sequestration carbon capture and storage [R]. Cambridge Energy Forum Sustainable Energy Conference, Cambridge, UK, December, 006 Socolow R, Pacala S, Greenblatt J. WEDGES : early mitigation with familiar technology [R]. The 7th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technology, Vancouver, Canada, September 5J9, 004 IEA. CO capture and storage a key carbon abatement option [M]. 68 Adv. Clim. Change Res., 00, 6 (5): 6J69

8 5!!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'( 69 Paris: OECD/IEA, 008 [] Watson J. Setting priorities in energy innovation policy: lessons for the [7] EU. An energy policy for europe [M]. Brussels: European Commission, UK [R]. Discussion paper , John F Kennedy School of 007 Government, Harvard University, 008 [8] Glachant M, Dechezlepretre A, Hascic I, et al. Invention and transfer of [] Keith D W, Duong M H, Stolaroff J K. Climate strategy with CO capture climate change mitigation technologies on a global scale: a study drawing from the air [J]. Climatic Change, 006, 74: 7J45 on patent data [R]. Mines Paris Tech Working Papers, Paris, [4] European Commission. Communication and impact assessment on sustainable power generation from fossil fuels [R]. COM (006) 84 [9].!"#$%!&'()=[M].= :!", 008: 8J06 [5] final and SEC (006) 7, Brussels, 007 Odeh N A, Cockerill T T. Life cycle GHG assessment of fossil fuel [0] Seevam P N, Downie M J, Hopkins P. Transporting the next generation power plants with carbon capture and storage [J]. Energy Policy, 008, of CO for carbon capture and storage: the impact of impurities on 6 (): 67J80 supercritical CO pipelines [R]. Proceedings of the IPC008 7th [6] Viebahn P, Nitsch J, Fischedick M, et al. Comparison of carbon capture International Pipeline Conference, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Sept 9th and storage with renewable energy technologies regarding structural, to Oct rd 008 economic, and ecological aspects in Germany [J]. International Journal [] De Coninck H, Flach T, Curnow P, et al. The acceptability of CO capture of Greenhouse Gas Control, 007, : J and storage (CCS) in Europe: an assessment of the key determining factors [7] Shackley S, Verma P. Tackling CO reduction in India through use of [J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 008, (): J CO capture and storage (CCS): prospects and challenges [J]. Energy 4 Policy, 008, 6: 554J56 An Analysis on Carbon Capture and Storage Technology, Regulations and Its Emission Reduction Potential Fan Ying, Zhu Lei, Zhang Xiaobing (Center for Energy & Environmental Policy Research, Institute of Policy & Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 0090, China) Abstract: This paper introduces the development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, the progresses in CCS demonstration projects, and the international regulations and policies related to CCS technology. Barriers for the large-scale deployment and application of CCS are discussed, and different technological solutions for emission reduction are compared (e.g. energy conservation and renewable energy). The analysis shows that, on the one hand, the negative impacts of CCS deployment should be carefully evaluated, and on the other hand, the research and development (R&D) input of key CCS techniques also need to be enhanced in order to grasp core technologies in the CCS system. Furthermore, CCS incentives should depend on actual CCS development. At last, based on current situation, we need to focus on the development of existing thermal power plants which retrofit with CCS technology, so it can do more help to future large-scale promotion of CCS. Key words: carbon capture and storage (CCS); research and development (R&D); climate change; energy saving and emission reduction Adv. Clim. Change Res., 00, 6 (5): 6J69 69