Peatland and Peatland Mapping Update

Transcription

1 Peatland and Peatland Mapping Update (update as of September 2011) Peatland and Peatland Mapping Update Objective: to produce scientific analyses in support of policy and action to deal with greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands Activities: An expert group under the Peatlands and Mapping research cluster would be set up to take into considerations science-based, collaborative groups, while appropriately liaising with regional and national technical agencies. Focused consultation series to empower the research cluster: Following the April Peatlands workshop, convene an interinstitutional dialogues involving Indonesian experts from universities and technical agencies, stakeholders, local governments, professional communities, NGOs, etc. together with US technical agencies and scientists. Develop a policy briefing paper and public outreach documents on Peatland work: Findings, progress, and outcomes will be condensed and presented by DNPI for policy consideration of their ministerial council. Develop a longer-term program of work on Peatlands and Mapping: A longer term program must address critical information gaps identified by the research cluster including the role of GHG Inventory of peatland as part of national GHG Inventory. 1

2 Preliminary Assessment and Review (as of September 2011) On-going Activities: Hokkaido University Peatland Definition Preliminary Comparison of peatland assessment in Kalteng Areas Land Use Change in Peatland Areas Inisiatif Pemetaan 100 Desa Village Mapping Further Works with UKP4 Assessment on peatland and peatland mapping definition and methodologies 2

3 Fundamental of Peatland Mapping Mitsuru Osaki Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University Kazuyo Hirose Center for Sustainability Science, Hokkaido University Farhan Helmy National Council on Climate Change (DNPI), Indonesia 1.Peatland Map of Indonesia 2.Definition of Peat 3

4 Peatland Map of Indonesia 921 smaller maps are available on a scale of 1:250,000 MoF website : Peatland Map of Moratorium (17 million ha) Wetlands International (2005); Central Kalimantan Latest scientific best estimate of peatland area: - Page et al., (2010) : 20.7 million ha - Wetlands International (2009) : 26.6 million ha - Hooijer et al., (2006) : 22.5 million ha Peatland Map of Indonesia MoF ( Wetlands International (2005) Comparison of Peatland map (Central Kalimantan) 4

5 Peatland Map of Indonesia Jeanicke et al. (2008) SRTM (2000) MoF ( Wetlands International (2005) Comparison of Peatland map (Central Kalimantan) Peatland Map of Indonesia Carbon storage uncertainty is derived from four factors; Jeanicke et al. (2008) 1: Different data 2: Different methods 3: Different models 4: Different assumptions Reliable Peat Depth data is needed (1) Point of coordinates (Lat/Lon) (2) Peat Depth (m) Wosten et al. (2008) Peat Thickness Estimation by different models 5

6 Area of Peatland in Indonesia (M ha) Area of Indonesian Peatland (Mha) Various peatland areas have been reported in Indonesia 1.Peatland Map of Indonesia 2.Definition of Peat 6

7 Various definitions/classifications of peat Peat is a heterogeneous mixture of decomposed organic matter and inorganic minerals. Various definitions/classifications of peat have been used for different purposes. 1) Degree of humification (oxidation process) This is common in the field observation by texture classification a) Fibric b) Hemic c) Sapric Various definitions/classifications of peat 2) Thickness of peat a) Center for Soil and Agroclimate Research, Indonesia: 4 classes (i) shallow/ m, (ii) moderate/ m, (iii) deep/ m, (iv) very deep/3.0m < b) The Land Resource Evaluation Project (1:250,000) 3 classes (i) < 0.5m, (ii) m. (iii) 2.0m < c) RePPRoT 3 classes (i) < 0.5m, (ii) m. (iii) 3.0m < d) Radjagukguk (1992) 3 classes (i) < 1.0m, (ii) m. (iii) 2.0m < 7

8 Various definitions/classifications of peat 3) Land use/utilization types of peat a)swamp zones, land typologies and proposed land utilization type (LUT) (Widjaja-Adhi, 1992) Various definitions/classifications of peat 3) Land use/utilization types of peat b) Breakdown of Indonesia s peatlands on the basis of land use (Radjagukguk, 1993) 8

9 Various Classification Systems of Peat Various Classification systems of peat and organic soils based on ash and organic content Notes to Table 1: (A) Proposed classification of the study of Wust et al.(2003) (B) the Moris classification (Moris, 1989) (C) the classification of the Organic Sediments Research Center of the University of South Carolina (Andrejko et al., 1983) (D) the system of the American Society for Testing and Materials (Landva et al., 1983) (E) the Jarrett system (Jarrett, 1983) (F) the Russian classification (Mankinen and Gelfer, 1982) (G) the previous classification of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM, 1982) (H) the Louisiana Geological Survey system (Kearns et al., 1982) (I) the classification of the International Peat Society (Kivinen, 1968) (J) the Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC, 1987) (K) the Davis classification (Davis, 1946) (L) the Arman system (Arman, 1923) Various Classification Systems of Peat Most of field and laboratory classification of peats were developed in boreal and humid temperate regions. They don t recognize the distinctive features and specific uses of tropical peats Second International Congress of Soil Science (ICSS) (1930): an organic soil at least 50 cm thick, 1 hectare (ha) in aerial extent and containing <35% ash Jansen et al. (1985): cumulative layer of 40cm or more containing > 30% organic matter and threfore is for total area of Histosols that includes both nonpeat organic soil and true peat according to Andriesse (1988), Rieley and Page (2005): the surface layer of soil, consisting mostly of partially decomposed vegetation, with an organic content of at least 65% in a minimum thickness of 30cm Wust et al. (2003): New classification systems was proposed for tropical organic-rich deposits based on studies of the Tasek Bera Basin, Malaysia 9

10 Classification System of Tropical Peat (Wust et al.,2003) Proposed field classification system of peat texture for tropical humic deposits by Wust et al. (2003) Classification System of Tropical Peat (Wust et al.,2003) Proposed field classification system of peat texture for tropical humic deposits by Wust et al. (2003) fibric Coarse hemic hemic fine hemic sapric Fine hemic 10

11 Classification System of Tropical Peat (Wust et al.,2003) Proposed field classification system of peat texture for tropical humic deposits by Wust et al. (2003) fibric Coarse hemic hemic fine hemic sapric Fine hemic Classification System of Tropical Peat (Wust et al.,2003) Proposed field classification system of peat texture for tropical humic deposits by Wust et al. (2003) Proposed ash classification system for peat deposits based on the tropical organic deposits of Task Bera, West Malaysia 11

12 National Peatland Map (General Flow) 1) Evaluating all existing data by Indonesian Peat Definition which is prepared based on International definitions 2) Integrating GIS and database 3) Analyzing topography, river system, peat dome, etc Transfer ESDM MoF MoE IPB ITB BAKOSRTANAL BPPT MoA Hokkaido Univ. LIPI Etc. All existing data 4) Integrating 3D model 5) Planning drilling points & implementing National Peatland Map Work Plan of National Peatland Mapping No. Work Data 2011/ /2 2012/4 2012/6 2012/7 2012/8-2012/12 Work Duration (Month) Evaluating all existing data 2 Integrating GIS & database 3 Analyzing topography, geology, river system to detect peat dome 4 Integrating 3D model 5 Planning drilling points and implementing 6 Preparing Peatland Database drilling, water well, water gauge, geophysics data, etc 12

13 (Reference) Euroconsuly, 1983, Nationwide Study of Coastal and Near Coastal Swampland in Sumatra, Kalimantan and Irian Jaya, Ministry of Public Works, Indonesia and Euroconsult/BIEC International. Farnham, S., Finney, H.R.,1966, Classification and properties of organic soils, Advances in Agronomy, 17, pp Page, S.E., Rieley, J.O. and Banks, C.J., 2010, Global and regional importance of the tropical peatland carbon pool, Global Change Biology, pp Polak, B., 1952, Veen en Veenontginning in Indonesia, MIAI, Nos, 5 and 6, Vorkink, Bandung, Indonesia.Driessen, P.M., 1978, Peat soils, Soils and Rice, IRRI, Los Banos, Philppines, pp PusatPenuritian Tanah, 1981, Hasil pengukuran planimetri dari Peta Tanah Bagan Indonesia (1972), Puslit, Tanah, Bogor, Indoneisa. Radjagulguk, 1992, Utilization and Management of peatlands in Indonesia for agriculture and forestry. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tropical Peatland, Kuching, Malaysia, 6-10 May 1991, pp RePPProT, 1990, A National Overview from the Regional Physical Planning Programme for Transmigration, UK Overseas Development Administration and Directorate BINA Programme, Indonesian Ministry of Transmigration, Jakarta. Sukardi, M. and Hidayat, A., 1988, Extent and Distribution of Peat Soils of Indonesia. Third Meeting of the Cooperative Research on Problem Soils, August 22-26, at CRIFC, Bogor, IARD Journal, 16(1), pp Wodjaja-Adhi, I. P. G., 1992, Tipologi, permanfaatan dan pengembangan lahan pasang surut untuk kelapa, Dalam: Forum Komunikasi Ilmiah dan Pengembangan Kelapa Pasang Surut, August, Bogor, Indonesia. Wust, R.A.J, Bustin, R.M. and Lavkulich, L.M., 2003, New classification systems for tropical organic-rich deposits based on studies of the Tasek Bera Basin, Malaysia, Catena, pp Quick Comparisons of Peatland Data in Kalteng 2nd Round Technical Discussion on Peatland Mapping Hotel Akmani, 13th September 2011 Mitsuru Osaki Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University Kazuyo Hirose Center for Sustainability Science, Hokkaido University Farhan Helmy Secretary of Mitigation Working Group, DNPI 13

14 A. Comparison between (1)Measured Peat Depth Points (2) Wetlands International Map (2004) (3) Landsat ETM (2000/07/16) ( Area) 14

15 Close up in next slide 15

16 Comparison of Peat Depth between Measured Depth and Wetlands International Map (2004) Depth Code Measured Peat Depth Wetlands International 0-1 m m m m m Comparison of Peat Depth Measured Peat Depth Wetlands International (2004) Sampling Point ID Measured Peat Depth Wetlands International (2004) (True:0, False:1) Code Depth m m m m m Number of Different Peat Depth (41%): Total Number of Sampling Point: sampling points Remarks: 1.42 sampling points show different depth between measured depth and Wetlands International Map (2004) 1-2 m (WI) 0-1 m (WI) (Measured depth: 4.2m) Measured depth: 3.1m (Original Data from Dr.Shimada) 8-12 m (WI) 4-8 m (WI) B. Comparison between (1) Measured Peat Depth Points (2) Wetlands International Map (2004) (3) Landsat ETM (2000/07/16) (4) Moratorium Peatland Map ( Area) 16

17 17

18 (2)Over estimate area -No information in WI Map - City is mainly located on sandstone instead of peatland. Because it is impossible to develop urban area on un-stable geological settings. (3)No Information area -No information in WI Map. But peat distribution is strongly suggested such as area of upper stream (Under estimate area) (1)Under estimate area (Peat Depth was confirmed) (2)Over estimate area -No information in WI Map - City is mainly located on sandstone instead of peatland. Because it is impossible to develop urban area on un-stable geological settings. (3)No Information area -No information in WI Map. But peat distribution is strongly suggested such as area of upper stream (Under estimate area) (1)Under estimate area (Peat Depth was confirmed) 18

19 C. Comparison between (1) Wetlands International Map (2004) (2) ASTER(2011/06/13) (3) Landsat ETM (2000/07/16) (3) Moratorium Peatland Map (Palm Oil Area in Kapuas) Total 7300ha land was developed during 2009/07/ /07/17 (Larger than City) HEF 3400ha 2200ha 1700ha Palangka Raya City 19

20 3200ha 2200ha 1800ha 3200ha 2200ha 1800ha 20

21 2012/4/17 (2)Over estimate area -No information in WI Map (2)Over estimate area -No information in WI Map (1)Under estimate area (Peat Depth was confirmed) (2)Over estimate area + (3)No information area -No information in WI Map - Palm Oil area developed during (2)Over estimate area -No information in WI Map (2)Over estimate area -No information in WI Map (1)Under estimate area (Peat Depth was confirmed) (2)Over estimate area + (3)No information area -No information in WI Map - Palm Oil area developed during

22 Land Cover Changes in Peatland of Kalteng 2nd Round Technical Discussion on Peatland Mapping Hotel Akmani, 13th September 2011 Mitsuru Osaki Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University Keiji Kimura Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University Kazuyo Hirose Center for Sustainability Science, Hokkaido University 1 Bare land 1.Unclassified 2.Bare land 3.Sparse grass 2001/06/ /08/05 4.Water 5.Muddy soil 6.Dense grass 2 7.Marsh 8.Sparse forest 9.Dense forest 2001/06/ /08/05 Bare land + Sparse grass km Land Cover Change between 2001/06/09 and 2007/08/05 by Landsat ETM in Central Kalimantan 22

23 1.Unclassified 2.Bare land 3.Sparse grass 4.Water 5.Muddy soil 6.Dense grass 7.Marsh 8.Sparse forest 9.Dense forest 2001/06/ /08/05 Area(ha) 2001(a) 2007(b) (b)/(a)% 1.Unclassified % 2.Bare land % 3.Sparse grass % 4.Dense grass % 5.Muddy soil % 6.Marsh % 7.Water % 8.Sparse forest % 9.Dense forest % Total Area (ha) Bare land/dense forest (%) 3% 16% 1) Dense forest (NDWI>-0.2, NDVI>0.3) Sparse forest (NDWI<-0.2, NDVI>0.3) 2) ISO Classification was applied with NDVI, NDWI and NDSI km Land Cover Change between 2001/06/09 and 2007/08/05 by Landsat ETM in Central Kalimantan 23