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1 17th Session of the ICC on the RESAP for Sustainable Development Bangkok, Thailand November 2013 Sahas Man Shrestha Director General, Department of Forest Research and Survey Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservaton Structure of Presentation Introduction General fire situation in Nepal Recent development including application of satellite data for forest fire monitoring, detection and response Ways forward 2
2 INTRODUCTION a small landlocked, mountainous and least developed country in South Asia Bounded by Tibet Autonomous Region of China on the North and by India on the East, West and South Area: 147,181 square kilometers Population: 26 million as of 2011 Pop. census Forest and Shrub: 5.83 million hectares (39.6%) 118 ecosystems, 75 vegetation and 35 forest types Global Fire Risk Map (During peak fire season 2013 in Nepal) Nepal: 704 fires (in 10 days: 1-10 Apr 2013 during the peak fire season) Source: NASA s MODIS Rapid Response System
3 General Forest Fire situation in Nepal Most of the Forest fire in Nepal is human induced Of the total, 58% forest fire is deliberate burning by grazers, poachers, hunters and NTFP collectors; 22% due to negligence and 20% by accident (IFFN 2006) Erratic climatic variation, prolonged dry season and very low winter rainfall in recent years have increased the incidences of wildfires in Nepal As a result, serious threats have occurred damaging human lives and properties, destruction and degradation of forests in Nepal Winter Fire: Mid-Nov to Feb (high mountain) Summer Fire: March to May (all Nepal) Fire Season: mid-nov - mid-may 83 % fires in March and April 60 % fires in April 6
4 Fire Disaster episode Falgun Fires in past 24 hours NASA s Earth Observatory (MODIS Aqua), 12 March April fires detected over the past 24 hours Source: FIRMS-MODIS/UMD/NASA, Date: 25 April 2009, 04:50:00 8
5 Himanchal Uttaranchal Dhangadhi--- Fires in Nepal and India 25 April 2009 Kathmandu A km jpg 9 Forest Fire Detection and Monitoring in Nepal (Forest fires in 10 days from 1-10 Apr 2013 during the peak fire season)
6 Increasing vulnerability and impact to human populations, negative impacts in social and 12 ecological systems
7 Consequences of forest fires Fatality 2009 (Nepal) Nepal Country Fatalities Injuries Firefighters 9 0 Civilians 26 9 Militaries 14 0 Total 49 9 Country Total 58 Source: Global Wildland Fire Fatality Report 2009 (GFMC 2010)/ UNISDR-RSAWFN Record 2009 Area Burnt Affected Animal House Destroyed (No.) (ha.) Family (No.) Loss (No.) Complete Shed 146, Source: UNISDR-RSAWFN Record Consequences of forest fires Bandar Jhula Fire, Chitawan, Nepal 3 April 2010 Fire Impacts 2010 (Nepal) Area Burnt (ha.) People (No.) Death Injured Affected Family (No.) Animal Killed (No.) House Destroye d (No.) 82, ? Assessments Wildlife, medicinal plants? Secondary disasters? Regional climate? Smokes/ABC? Data Source: UNISDR-RSAWFN Record 2009 Photo courtesy: B. Gurung (Nepal Chapter), 3 Apr 2010
8 Consequences of Forest Fires Year Fatalities Injured House destroyed ? Assessments Wildlife, medicinal plants? Secondary disasters? Regional climate? Smokes/ABC? 15 Asian Brown Cloud (ABC) Haze primarily coming from vegetation fires in the high altitude Himalayan region. The smokes is blocked by the range of Himalaya and confined to the south of the range. (source: MODIS Rapid Response System (opened with KMZ filefor GoogleEarth), 25 April 2009). 16
9 Asia Brown Cloud (ABC) Kathmandu Earth Observatory, 28 April 2009 (15 Baisakh 2066) 17 Existing Efforts for Forest Fire Reduction Forest Fire Management Strategy has been prepared and approved by the Government of Nepal in 2010 Development of fire management volunteer groups (20-30 persons in each groups) with fire fighting hand tools and safety gears in different forest management regimes (supports from GFO/GFMC, WWF/USAID, UKAid/ SDC/MFAF, UNISDR-RSAWFN/NFMC) ICIMOD, in close collaboration with the DoF of Nepal, has developed a forest fire detection and monitoring system for Nepal based on MODIS data
10 Applications of Satellite Data by DFRS Department of Forest Research and Survey (DFRS) is the only mandated public agency to carry out study on deforestation and forest degradation using Satellite data in Nepal. Applications of Satellite Data cont... A reliable and timely fire detection and monitoring system is an important part of forest fire management Satellite data are useful for near real-time fire detection, monitoring, assessment of burnt-area
11 MODIS: Fire Monitoring, Detection and Response System Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) FIRMS delivers active fires detected using the MODIS active fire locations processed by the MODIS Rapid Response System Builds on Web Fire Mapper a web mapping interface that displays hotspots/ fires detected by the MODIS Rapid Response System delivers near real-time hotspot/ fire information to international users 21 Global Daily MODIS Fire Products and Interactive Fire Maps Fire Alerts Web Fire Mapper MODIS images Google Earth KML Fire Monitoring and Strategic Planning Response System Access: MODIS Interactive Rapid Response Web Fire Maps < 22
12 Ways Forward Community people are blamed to be a cause of fires and impacted by the most. So, capacity building for local communities with application of space based information is vital Space-based data is available (NASA's Servier Himalaya-ICIMOD) for wiildfire monitoring and detection, but response system needs to be improved Technological and financial capability need to be enhanced Occurrence and impacts of wildfires are increasing as a consequence of global warming and extended dry spells which is rarely reported by international media. 23 Ways Forward Certain forms of disturbance, e.g. controlled forest fire is important for improvement of the condition of forest resources Bilateral/ multilateral/ international (including interregional) cooperation mechanism needs to be strengthened to address the forest fire management for sustainable development in South-Asia Regional Fire Management Center needs to be established in South-Asia 24
13 Proposed Fire Monitoring, Detection and Response System in Nepal Satellite Data Fire Detection, Monitoring and Alert system Fire Management Unit at Department level DFRS/ DoF Database Management Field Offices (DFOs, CAOs) Firefighting Crews Fire Response Firefighting References Global Fire Monitoring Center (GFMC)-UNISDR-Global Wildland Fire Network web page IFFN 'Forest Fire in the Terai, Nepal: Causes and Management Interventions. International Forest Fire News (IFFN) 34, MODIS Interactive Rapid Response Web Fire Maps Mountain Geoportal of ICIMOD: Nepal Forest Fire Management Chapter (NFMC) UNISDR-Regional South Asia Wildland Fire Network web page Questions? Comments? 26
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