The role of remote sensing in Lithuanian forest inventory & Hyperspectral imaging using ultralight aviation: potential for forest inventory

Transcription

1 The role of remote sensing in Lithuanian forest inventory & Hyperspectral imaging using ultralight aviation: potential for forest inventory Vytautė Juodkienė, Donatas Jonikavičius & Gintautas Mozgeris Aleksandras Stulginskis University

2 The role of remote sensing in Lithuanian forest inventory & Hyperspectral imaging using ultralight aviation: potential for forest inventory Short outline Short profile of Aleksandras Stulginskis university in remote sensing (unfortunately, practically no links with Lithuanian forest inventory) Some research ideas hyperspectral imaging for non-standard forest inventory applications

3 Short profile of Aleksandras Stulginskis university in remote sensing Our tasks: Lecturing subjects which include different aspects of geomatics 1-2 PhD students doing their studies on different aspects of remote sensing 1-2 R&D projects on operationalization of remote sensing annually Facilities and competences of Geomatics laboratory, available on open access conditions

4 Short profile of Aleksandras Stulginskis university in remote sensing Aerial photography using manned aircrafts Until 2015 and currently GPS based integration and imaging equipment RGB digital camera Aircraft: Ch-32 "Bekas" TOPCON FC-25A su GPS imtuvu ir ArcPAD programine įranga Išorinis Lilliput ekranas pilotui HDMI laidas USB laidas Nešiojamas kompiuteris su MyMobiler programine įranga Alternative: Cessna 172 Since 2015 GPS/INS integration and imaging system RGB/NIR digital camera & hyperspectral camera

5 Operatoriaus darbo vietoje patalpintas kompiuterio monitorius Kameros objektyvo angos atidarymo svirtis Hiperspektrine kamera Short profile of Aleksandras Stulginskis university in remote sensing Aerial photography using UAV Helicopter type UAV RGB digital cameras Hyperspectral imaging Development of spectral libraries: Themis Vision Systems VNIR400H camera, 1000 spectral bands in the range nm Ground studies of spectral properties using RIKOLA hyperspectral, sp. range nm, sp. resolution 10 nm, sp. step 1 nm, ~ bands under tripod mode HSI from manned aircraft: RIKOLA hyperspectral, max 16 bands under flying mode, 0,6 kg, simultaneously with RGB/CIR camera

6 Short profile of Aleksandras Stulginskis university in remote sensing Use of ultra-light aviation for forestry (not only forestry), operational since 2008 The solution includes all components of standard photogrammetric project: flight planning, image acquisition flights, aerial triangulation, block adjustment, ortorectification, working with 3D models Our orthophoto, 36 hours after flight planning Forest fire damages estimated 20 hours after the idea was generated ORT10LT

7 Short profile of Aleksandras Stulginskis university in remote sensing Photogrammetry: stereo-photogrammetric working stations, EnsoMosaic, Agisoft, EspaCity, EspaEngine, PCI software Camera calibration: RapidCal v (PIEneering Oy) Object-based interpretation: ecognition

8 Short profile of Aleksandras Stulginskis university in remote sensing Processing of airborne laser data: 2 directions, for forestry applications Single tree detection (aim replace forest measurements), research Area based estimations 2 phase sampling, delineation of forest stands, micro-segments, assessment of their characteristics using regression and non-parametric methods (aim conventional forest inventory, not in Lithuania ) Currently hybrid point clouds (ALS + photogrammetric) opportunities for permanent forest inventories Photogrammetric Aerial images, many points, crown surface, ground in open areas LiDAR Less points, whole crown cover and ground, soon outdated Hybrid Combines photogrammetric and LiDAR point clouds

9 Short profile of Aleksandras Stulginskis university in remote sensing Use of UAV based imaging for timber yard inventories: operational for several years, permanently being improved The solution is based on the use of originally developed helicopter-type UAV, calibrated digital camera, aerial triangulation, development of 3D model

10 Short profile of Aleksandras Stulginskis university in remote sensing Hyperspectral imaging: Estimating genetic origin, crown defoliation and chemical constituents in the needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees by means of in-situ acquired hyperspectral data The study was carried out within the framework of the national project No VP ŠMM-08-K entitled "Specific, genetic diversity and sustainable development of Scots pine forest to mitigate the negative effects of increased human pressure and climate change" supported by the EU Social Fund Some publications: Danusevicius Darius, Masaitis Gediminas, Mozgeris Gintautas. Visible and near infrared hyperspectral imaging reveals significant differences in needle reflectance among Scots pine provenances, Silvae Genetica 63, Issue 4, 2014: Masaitis, Gediminas; Mozgeris, Gintautas; Augustaitis, Algirdas. Estimating Crown Defoliation and the Chemical Constituents in Needles of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Trees by Laboratory Acquired Hyperspectral Data. Baltic Forestry, 2014, Vol. 20, N 2, p Masaitis, Gediminas; Mozgeris, Gintautas; Augustaitis, Algirdas. Spectral reflectance properties of healthy and stressed coniferous trees. iforest- Biogeosciences and Forestry, 2013, vol. 6, p

11 Short profile of Aleksandras Stulginskis university in remote sensing HSI from ultralight manned aircraft Bekas Ch-32 ultralight aircraft, 2 seats, cruising speed 100 km/hour, altitude 700 m and above Operating costs Eur/hour Originally developed aviation container to install any kind of equipment Image acquisition using simultaneously 2 sensors: RIKOLA hyperspectral camera, up to 16 spectral bands NIKON D800E, RGB/NIR configuration, 28 or 50 mm lenses EnsoMOSAIC based flight control hardware and software

12 Short profile of Aleksandras Stulginskis university in remote sensing HSI from ultralight manned aircraft

13 Short profile of Aleksandras Stulginskis university in remote sensing HSI from ultralight manned aircraft

14 Short profile of Aleksandras Stulginskis university in remote sensing HSI from ultralight manned aircraft Projects for agricultural and urban applications Rape Chemical treatment No Yes R Band13: WL730,1 nm, FWHM 9 G Band8: WL670,1 nm, FWHM 10,9 B Band3: WL530,9 nm, FWHM 10,9 Field Image Total NO YES NO 2590 (69,5 %) 1139 (30,5%) 3729 YES 615 (17,7 %) 2865 (82,3 %) 3480 Total Overall identification accuracy 75,7%

15 Hyperspectral imaging using ultralight aviation: potential for forest inventory Research idea 1: Assessing the potential of hyperspectral imagery to detect early stages bark beetle-induced tree mortality Target European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) Studies of spectral properties of Norway spruce needles, healthy and infested trees Repeated flights over the same area during several seasons with hyperspectral and NIR cameras Tuning the methodology in 2015, conducting the research in

16 Assessing the potential of hyperspectral imagery to detect early stages bark beetleinduced tree mortality Study area Forest tract in Kaišiadorys State Forest Enterprise Bark beetle attacks each year Near distance to reach Infested spots in 2015 Clear felling in 2014 Infested spots in 2014 Forest under focus

17 Assessing the potential of hyperspectral imagery to detect early stages bark beetleinduced tree mortality Flights this year Every 3 weeks starting from May RIKOLA hyperspectral camera (~40 cm GSD, 15 bands) + CIR camera (~10 cm GSD) Flying altitude m Overlaps 50% and 70-80% Currently exercising with radiometric and geometric corrections, geometric co-registering of bands

18 Assessing the potential of hyperspectral imagery to detect early stages bark beetleinduced tree mortality Ground survey Finding infested trees in the forest ~ middle of June Trees are cut

19 Assessing the potential of hyperspectral imagery to detect early stages bark beetleinduced tree mortality Investigation of needle spectral properties under laboratory condition (1) The samples were collected from the middle-upper part of the crown of each tree. Four sample branches were cut from the southern and one from the northern eastern western sides of the crown of each tree, 20 samples from each tree, 100 samples in total (2015). 3 types of damaged spruce trees: a) just attacked (trails under the bark, green needles), b) the average damaged (trails under the bark, washouts, the larval stage, falling green needles), c) the bark beetle left the tree (crumbling brown needles). Healthy trees will be sampled, too. Cut branches were moistened and immediately packed into plastic bags. The bags were labeled, put into portable cooler bags and transported to the laboratory for immediate spectral measurements

20 Assessing the potential of hyperspectral imagery to detect early stages bark beetleinduced tree mortality Investigation of needle spectral properties under laboratory condition (2) Scanning of samples The scanning process was conducted using a Themis Vision Systems LLC hyperspectral camera VNIR400H This device is equipped with very sensitive VNIR spectrometer, which is capable to cover the spectral range of 400 nm 1000 nm with the sampling interval of 0.6 nm, producing 955 spectral bands RIKOLA (tripod mode) is planned to be used in the future

21 Reflectance, % Assessing the potential of hyperspectral imagery to detect early stages bark beetleinduced tree mortality Investigation of needle spectral properties under laboratory condition (3) Scanning of the samples - the spectral curves of first test trees Infested trees Just attacked Dead Wavelength, nm

22 Hyperspectral imaging using ultralight aviation: potential for forest inventory Research idea 2: Assessing the potential of hyperspectral imagery to detect the genetic origin of Scots pine Laboratory investigations of spectral properties of pine seedlings (genetic origin, response to changed environments,...) Discussion of image processing algorithms Simulating the real forest conditions

23 Hyperspectral imaging using ultralight aviation: potential for forest inventory Research idea 2: Assessing the potential of hyperspectral imagery to detect the genetic origin of Scots pine Scanning using ultralight aircraft and RIKOLA hyperspectral camera Kazlų Rūda test pine plantation with Scots pine trees originating from different geographic locations (i.e. genetic origin) All trees mapped

24 Hyperspectral imaging using ultralight aviation: potential for forest inventory Research idea 2: Assessing the potential of hyperspectral imagery to detect the genetic origin of Scots pine Flights: altitude 670 m, overlaps 40 and 70%, GSD 39 cm RIKOLA settings: 15 RGB/NIR bands best performing on genetic origin based on laboratory spectral investigation Image calibration, co-registration and geo-referencing

25 Hyperspectral imaging using ultralight aviation: potential for forest inventory Research just started Development of methodology Numerous issues Looking for research partnership

26 The role of remote sensing in Lithuanian forest inventory & Hyperspectral imaging using ultralight aviation: potential for forest inventory Contacts ALEKSANDRAS STULGINSKIS UNIVERSITY Vytautė Juodkienė, Studentų g. 13, LT Akademija, Kauno r., Tel , Institute of Forest Management and Wood Science Gintautas Mozgeris, Studentų g , LT Akademija, Kauno r., Tel , Donatas Jonikavičius, Studentų g. 13, LT Akademija, Kauno r., Tel. Tel.: ,