Kate Mana Galido Resource Management Officer NTFP-TF

Transcription

1 Participatory Resource Monitoring for NTFPs: The Philippine Experience Kate Mana Galido Resource Management Officer NTFP-TF

2 A collaborative network of Philippine grassroots non-government organizations and people s organizations working with forest-based communities (especially indigenous communities) on NTFP-based livelihoods within the context of sustainable forest management and community empowerment

3 NTFP-TF Partners 1. CustomMade Crafts Center (CMCC) 2. Enterprise Works Worldwide (EWW) 3. Kalahan Educational Foundation (KEF) Mangyan Mission 4. Samahan ng Nagkakaisang Mangyan Alangan (SANAMA) 5. Kapulungan ng mga Mangyan para sa Lupaing Ninuno (KPLN) 6. Broad Initiatives for Negros Development (BIND) 7. Father Vincent Cullen Tulugan Learning and Development Center (FVCTLDC) 8. Agtulawon Mintapod Higaonon Cumadon (AGMIHICU) 9. Nagkakaisang Mga Tribu ng Palawan

4 MINDORO NUEVA VIZCAYA CORDILLERA QUEZON MANILA 110 Major indigenous groups 12 Million population of Indigenous Peoples in the Philippines (De Vera, 2007) NEGROS PALAWAN AKLAN ZAMBOANGA BUKIDNON MAGUINDANAO SOUTH COTABATO

5 NTFPs in the Philippines

6 Philippines - one of the 17 megadiversity countries o Rattan-62 species o Erect palms- buri (Corypha elata), nipa (Nipa fruticans) anahaw (Livistonia roundifolia) and kaong or sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) o Bamboo- 32 species o Pandans- more than 40 species o Resins- almaciga (Agathis philippinensis) Benguet pine (Pinus kesiya), piling liitan (Canarium luzonicum) and apitong (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus) o Oil o Vines o Fibers o Medicinal plants o Natural dyes

7 percent forest cover Unfortunately, this natural wealth is being depleted and studies show that the country s remaining forest stand is only between % (DENR-FMB, 2003, FAO, 2005) Philippines Change in Forest Cover, year Data Source: from Garrity et al. (1993); 1990 from FAO (2001); 1999 from ESSC (1999); 1991, 1996, 2001, 2000 and 2002 from DENR-FMB (2005) Source: Fernando, 2005

8 Policies relating to NTFPs FAO 11, Definition of NTFPs as ordinary and minor forest products, requirements for permitting, types of licenses (never been amended since 1970) PD 705 of 1975 Revised Forestry Code Basic policy on forestry. States that for any utilization, permit is needed EO 192 Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) has jurisdiction and authority over forest lands and regulation of permits in the same DAO 4, 1989 rules and regulations governing rattan Forest charges RA 7161 RA 8371 of 1997 Indigenous People s Rights Act (IPRA)- gave priority to indigenous communities Joint DENR-NCIP AO Sustainable and Traditional Indigenous Forest Resource Management Systems and Practices (STIFRMSP )

9 Applicant CENRO PENRO RED OSEC FMB Return to Sender Source: Razal 2007

10 NTFP Policy in the Philippines From Ramon Razal s presentation: Fulfilling the Promise of NTFPs: A Case for Bridging the Science Gap in NTFP Policy No policy document exists that could apply to the whole range of NTFPs Inadequate, inconsistent, and inefficient Unnecessary, costly and unfair SOPs/Checpoints Inventory system- cost of permit processing

11 Problems, Issues, Gaps and Conflicts (NTFP forum, 2007) Lengthy requirements, varying interpretations, high transaction costs (Arquiza and Aquino) Sustaining NTFP resources- Lack of monitoring, unequal utilization of resources. Rigorous inventory systems Do not prioritize indigenous and local community groups in awarding NTFP licenses Need to develop more cost effective and appropriate monitoring mechanisms for NTFPs

12 Advocacy Submitted proposed Joint Admin order for NTFPs to the DENR Fieldtesting Project: Comparison of methodologies and proposed PRM as an option Memorandum of Agreement- NTFP and DENR in signed in 2009

13 Quest for a methodology that will ensure sustainability of NTFPs DENR s Resource Inventory -5% of forested area (for rattan)- MC 29, No specified sampling intensity for other NTFPs -Inventory to arrive at average density per hectare -Computations for Annual Allowable Cut (AAC) or Sustainable Yield Cut (Section 26, Chapter 4, Dao ) Simplified NTFP Inventory System -Strip transect method is used where forest areas are subdivided into homogeneous blocks (with high concentration of NTFPs being studied) -longest section of this homogeneous block is divided into 100 x10 meter sections -total volume of NTFPs being studied in that block shall be obtained by a blow up factor corresponding to the total estimated areas where these NTFPs occur. Participatory Resource Monitoring -a system of monitoring to determine whether management of the NTFPs is sustainable (trending) -Shift towards involving local communities in the management of areas of high biodiversity -adaptive management as being a more suitable approach - PRM calendar based on criteria and indicators

14 BMS a model for monitoring in the Philippines PRM has already been implemented in the Protected Areas of the Philippines, where it has been incorporated into the Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS). Why not PRM (similar to BMS) for NTFP sustainability monitoring? Palawan field trials, 2006: honey, almaciga and rattan

15 Rattan Criteria Indicators Methods Rattan species diversity Number of rattan species observed Transect walk*, harvest records, field diary, photograph, focus groups Rattan abundance Number of plants Transect walk Yield of harvest/unit time Harvest records Rattan regeneration Number of wildlings Transect walks Resource condition Any shoots/stems with signs of disease, water marks, fungal attack, insect attack (clustering rattan species only) Number of shoots/immature stems/mature stems per cluster Environmental conditions Number and condition of monkeys and birds and other wildlife that help in regeneration Transect walks, harvest records Transect walks, harvest records Practices are/are not followed Stems cut before flowering/fruiting Focus groups Transect walks, field diaries, focus groups (clustering rattan species only) Shoots/immature stems damage/cut by harvesting activities (clustering rattan species only) Length of stump of harvested stem Transect walks, field diaries, focus groups Transect walks, field diaries, focus groups

16 How PRM is done: 1. Develop the Resource Management Plan 2. Develop the criteria 3. Develop the indicators 4. Develop the methods 5. Develop the PRM calendar 6. Implement the PRM calendar 7. Evaluation and improvement of PRM

17 Criteria, indicators

18 PRM WORKSHOP OUTPUT showing the indicators developed in monitoring Honey, Almaciga and Rattan resources for AGMIHICU, Bukidnon Criteria Rattan Almaciga Honey 1. Enforcement of Harvesting Protocols Harvest stems with length of 25 meters and above. Do not damage the seedling, shoots, and juvenile stems. Do not cut or harvest immature stems Do not cut trees where the immature rattan stems attached. Avoid overcutting around the tree girth/circumference. Avoid deep tapping. The tapping should not exceed 8 inches in length and should be slanting Do not burn the hive Do not hurt or damage the branch of support tree Do not harvest the beehives intended for the spirits. 2. Protection of sanctuary and reserves 3. Monitoring of outsiders or non- AGMIHICU 4. Environmental Conditions The wildlife such as monkeys, birds and the rattan are protected and should not be harvested unless with permission from the elders/datu. The outsiders are not allowed to harvest rattan and will be punished if violated this protocol. (if without permission from the datu) Do not cut the support trees 5. Resource condition Yield of harvest/unit time Regeneration of rattan; number of wildlings The harvesting of almaciga inside the sanctuary and reserve areas is not allowed without the permission from datu. The outsiders are not allowed to harvest and will be punished if violated this rule. Do not open up kaingin in areas with almaciga. Yield/ amount of harvested resin Health of almaciga Color of leaves (green and not yellow) Straight trunk Absence of termites Number of wildlings of almaciga The hives are protected and harvesting is not allowed. Will not be allowed to harvest if not inside his gaup. Need to ask permission from the gaup owner. Do not disturb the hives Do not cut the flowering trees Do not cut the trees with leaves used for flaming Volume of honey harvested Number of bee colonies per tree

19 PRM methods Must be collected at regular intervals Cost efficient Not overly burdensome- local culture, fit in the routine activities Appropriate for supporting management objectives Analyzed and evaluated results can be used for decisionmaking FGDs/ Meetings m 5m 5m Harvest record

20 Monitoring calendar developed for Bukidnon METHOD INDICATORS HOW WHO WHERE WHEN and how much 1)HARVEST RECORD Rattan (Balagon) Salumayag Harvesting practices: Harvest stems with length of 25 meters and above. Do not damage the seedling, shoots, and juvenile stems. Do not harvest immature stems Do not cut trees where the immature rattan stems attached. Abundance: Yield of harvest per unit of time Regeneration: Number of wildlings Avoid cutting around the girth Avoid deep tapping Tapping should not exceed 8 inches in length and should be slanting Harvest yield Health of the tree (color of leaves are green, straight trunk,absence of termites) Regeneration During harvesting and submit at the consolidation area Possibly, every gaup will have recorder; and with on the job training Harvest record Knowledgeable in estimating and can write Mintapod harvesters (5pax) Harvesters in each gaup and recorder (Victor Jr. -Honey) possible 3 harvester Literate and can write Knowledgeabe in making estimates Amusig, Mintapod, Mahagwa, Lagbangan, Kilubaon, Naabat. Areas outside the Patagonan Areas where Almaciga is abundant (as need arises) Aug.-Sept. Once a year

21 Continuation of monitoring calendar Methods Indicators How Who Where When Palayag/ Malabusog Do no burn the hives Do not damage the support tree Harvest yield Number of hives per tree Do not harves the hives that are intended for the spirits 2) PANLAUY/Permanent plot Balagon Banaymature Hubalonimmatura 3)Hunting trip Do not cut immature stems Do not harm the juvenile, shoots and seedlings Harvest stems with length more than 25 meters only Do not cut the support tree Regeneration of rattan Harvest yield of rattan Do not harm or damage the shoots, juvenile and seedlings Number of seedlings of almaciga Do not cut the flowering trees and the trees with leaves being used in harvesting honey Actual harvesting Establishment of 4 x 10 permanent plot for regeneration studies (8 subplots of 5x 5 m) During visit in the forest for hunting wild boar, monkeys, rodents, birds; fishing; and frogging Knowledgeable of harvesting practices and can be trusted by the elders/datu PRM core group team Core group: Martin, Jun, Victor,Ronnie,k enneth Hunters that are allowed/truste d by the elders Anywhere as long as outside the patagonan At the middle of the forest of AGMIHICU August- September during flowering of the trees September MAHAGWA- 2 plots Planting seasonevery March of the year

22 Bukidnon PRM Traditional forest patrol (Panlauy) in Mintapod during rattan harvesting -Able to monitor unsustainable practices -Datu Amay stopped the harvesting and fines were imposed including to himself (if only one commits violation, everyone will be affected)

23 Results: Evaluation of the 3 Methods It became a competition between the 3 methods Difficulty in comparing precision, simplicity and accuracy for the 3 methods Cannot conduct PRM properly without the permits to harvest Initial cost comparison: highest cost for DENR s RI and lowest cost for PRM

24 Challenges PRM is a new concept Communities need to accept the challenge; commitment For most IPOs, they have their own traditional PRM, should use local terms and be adapted to local customs and practices PRM is a long process Needs more time (1-2 years) to complete setting it up in each community Strengthen the PRM before comparing with other methods Sustainability- benefits need to be obvious for the community, integration with enterprise and Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan; and with the permitting systems

25 Challenges Capacity of the People s Organization Skills and resources (funds, time) Organizational issues Commitment Sustain Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices/ Traditional Ecological Knowledge Easier to do in Bukidnon than Palawan

26 Maraming Salamat!