Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in the Context of REDD+
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1 REDD+ FOR THE GUIANA SHIELD Technical Cooperation Project Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in the Context of REDD+ ONF International 4 th Working Group Meeting Macapá, Brazil August 2014
2 Context: 4th Technical Working Group Meeting within the project REDD+ for the Guiana Shield
3 Problem: Forests are disappearing Important questions: How? Why? Where? When? Caused by what activity? Caused by whom? Asking those questions makes it possible to: Increasing the understanding of deforestation and forest degradation Identifying effective and appropriate actions for changing the situation
4 Problem: Forests are disappearing Important questions: How? Why? Where? When? Caused by what activity? Caused by whom? WG4 Day 1 WG4 Day 2 Increasing the understanding of deforestation and forest degradation Identifying effective and appropriate actions for changing the situation
5 So... what are the answers? There is no way to find one easy answer. Tropical forests are disappearing as the result of many pressures, both local and regional, acting in various combinations in different geographical locations. - Geist and Lambin NEED TO Embrace Warning: Don t try to simplify the problem then we will not find effective solutions. COMPLEXITY
6 Looking at the key terms Deforestation: Someone removed a whole forest area (by cutting or burning it). Result: Bare soil is left where forest will not grow back (at least not soon). Reason: Often because someone wants to use the land for other purposes (e.g. practice agriculture, build infrastructure, access minerals in the ground...) Those reasons are the DRIVERS of deforestation. Degradation: Someone removed certain trees or parts of a forest. Result: The forest is still there, but is less valuable because it lacks the missing parts (REDD+ perspective: a degraded forest contains less carbon than before). Reason: Often because someone wants to use the trees or other parts of the forest that was removed (e.g. process or export logs, use firewood, gracing...) Those reasons are the DRIVERS of forest degradation. Who is someone? AGENTS of deforestation/degradation.
7 Proximate (direct) and underlying causes Source: Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation a synthesis report for REDD+ policy makers
8 Agents of deforestation/forest degradation Individuals, groups of people, companies... Direct agents: Those who carry out deforestation activities (e.g. workers in the economic sectors of the drivers) Indirect agents: Those who make decisions, pressuring others to carry out deforestation (not always visible but there are always reasons behind) Ask the questions Why? How? Who? in many steps...
9 Tools for understanding the complexity of drivers: Identifying main drivers through stakeholder consultations Using statistical data for quantifying drivers as economic activities Anticipating future evolution of drivers and their impacts through modelling Using geographical data to map non-forest specified per driver and spatial location Qualitative interviews for understanding the rationales behind actions linked to drivers Etc... Drawing diagrams of agents, causes Tools for addressing the drivers: Policies and measures Local initiatives
10 Tools for understanding the complexity of drivers: Identifying main drivers through stakeholder consultations Using statistical data for quantifying drivers as economic activities Anticipating future evolution of drivers and their impacts through modelling Tools for addressing the drivers: Policies and measures Session 2 Session 3 Session 4 Local initiatives Using geographical data to map non-forest specified per driver and spatial location Qualitative interviews for understanding the rationales behind actions linked to drivers Session 1 Etc... Drawing diagrams of agents, causes What is our current understanding of drivers in the Guiana Shield? What tools have we used how so far?
11 REDD+ FOR THE GUIANA SHIELD Technical Cooperation Project Session 1: Current situation, data availability and mapping initiatives ONF International 4 th Working Group Meeting Macapá, Brazil August 2014
12 Content overview of session 1 Understanding the current status of knowledge about drivers: Tools used for Identifying, Mapping, Quantifying... Session 1: Drivers of deforestation in the Guiana Shield Current situation, existing data, needs and challenges 09h00-09h15 Introduction to the session 09h15-09h35 Drivers in French Guiana 09h35-09h55 Drivers in Amapá 09h55-10h15 Drivers in Suriname 10h15-10h30 Coffee Break 10h30-10h50 Drivers in Guyana 10h50-11h15 Regional overview of drivers 11h15-12h30 Discussion
13 Presentations by countries Each country has been asked to prepare a presentation with the following content: (20 minutes each) Indication of the main drivers of deforestation in your country/state/region Indication of the main drivers of forest degradation Explanation of the context of each driver in the country and expected future trends Available quantitative and spatial information/databases on those drivers Tools and methodologies currently used or planned to quantify the deforestation impacts and map the spatial patterns of those drivers
14 Regional perspective Regional presentation by Sérgio Milheiras Discussion: To what extent do we have different or similar drivers and deforestation processes in our respective countries in the Guiana Shield? Does a regional approach change the perspective and understanding of which drivers (proximate and underlying) have the most negative impact and need to be addressed? Can working on a regional level in the Guiana Shield increase the understanding of deforestation phenomena and make us stronger? How? What can we do together?
15 MERCI / THANK YOU / DANK U / OBRIGADO sara.svensson@onfinternational.org Photo credit: ONF Guyane
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