Advances in a tree willows (Salix spp) breeding program in Argentina

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25 th Session of the Internatio nal Poplar Commission, Poplars and Other Fast-Growing Trees Renewable Resources for Future Green Economies Berlin, Germany,Sep 13 th to

1 25 th Session of the Internatio nal Poplar Commission, Poplars and Other Fast-Growing Trees Renewable Resources for Future Green Economies Berlin, Germany,Sep 13 th to 16 th, 2016 Advances in a tree willows (Salix spp) breeding program in Argentina Ing. Agr. Teresa CERRILLO Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) ARGENTINA

2 Outline Introduction Willows in Argentina cultivation applications Breeding programme developed by INTA Strategy Selection in sequential phases Results Conclusions

Salicaceae (450 species) Habitat important

3 Introduction Willows Salix L. is, the largest genus in the family Salicaceae (450 species) Habitat important role in different sites, specially, riparian habitats and wetlands. Applications willows applied in wood production: timber, fibre, fuelwood and provide other wood and non-wood forest products and services such as Use in silvopastoral systems. Phytoremediation. Rehabilitation of degraded lands. Climate change mitigation.

Eastern of the country ( 32 5 and 34 29' S latitude).

4 Cultivation of willows in Argentina Tree willows are cultivated mainly in the Delta of Paraná River, located near the consumption center, in the central Eastern of the country ( 32 5 and 34 29' S latitude). On a smaller scale, there are other areas in the irrigated lands of Patagonia in the South of the country

5 Willows in Argentina Delta of Paraná River Mean annual temperature : 17,1 C, January being the hottest month and July the coldest (24.0 ⁰C and Temperate climate, average 10.3 ⁰C, respectively) annual temperature is Mean annual precipitation is 1054 mm Soils: hydromorphic (humic and subhumic gley soils, as well as new alluvial soils). Plantations of: Willows Poplars There are hectares of Salicaceae in the Delta of Paraná River, 85% of which are willows

6 Willow wood uses in Argentina Sawn wood production 10% Pulp and paper (newspapers) and particleboard industries 90% Willow wood is suitable for a wide range of industrial, including pulp and paper, production of particleboard, veneer for plywood and furniture components.

7 Willows Breeding programme (WBP) Classical plant breeding Aim provide clones for sawn wood production and pulp and paper industry. The strategy is based on Intra and interspecific hybridization Typical selection process by field testing for site adaptability, growth rate, stem form and diseases/pest tolerance Species applied in the WBP In clones in advanced phase of selection In clones in early phase of selection Salix alba Salix amygdaloides Salix matsudana Salix humboldtiana Salix nigra

20.000 (in 15 years) Progeny bank (Family

rows Seedlings are transplant to field 2.

(yield) trials Multi-plant-plots-replications

8 WBP Methodology Year 1º Controlled pollinations, in greenhouse Open pollinations (in 15 years) Progeny bank (Family screening bank) Single-plant-plot in family rows Seedlings are transplant to field º Clonal bank Multi-plant-plots-replications in rows Genotypes are selected and propagated 200 4º 7-10º Comparative (Selection) trials Multi-plant-plots-replications Productivity (yield) trials Multi-plant-plots-replications Evaluation -Growthadaptation-form, diseases, wood Evaluation - Yield º New selected clone Registered and released

9 WBP Comparative and yield trials Trials (comparative t. and yield t.) are located in different areas of the country, the most in the Paraná Delta, the main core of willow production in Argentina Trials established in other regions: Norht Patagonia, South Patagonia Salado River Basin

WBP Results/ recent released clones Along two decades a broad variability of germoplasm to obtain new selected clones of tree willows was developed.

10 WBP Results/ recent released clones Along two decades a broad variability of germoplasm to obtain new selected clones of tree willows was developed. According to evaluations, the clones of higher growth were originated on controlled crosses: S. matsudana x S. nigra S. matsudana x S. alba and by open pollination of individuals of: S. matsudana S. nigra S. amygdaloides (in most recent performance evaluations) Besides the higher growth, these origins have good plant health status (main leaf diseases: Marssonina salicicola and Melampsora spp; trunk and bark deseases: Fusarium spp and Schizosphora spp) ), adaptability to flood sites, tree straight form and wood technology characteristics.

11 Growth In yield trials of six years old, localized in average site qualities of Delta region, the selected clones (7) showed a mean annual volume increment of 22.8m 3 ha- 1 yr -1, which was 45.3% better than the mean of the older traditional clones. The four top selected clones yielded between 28 and 34 m 3 ha- 1 yr -1 Mean annual volume increment (MAI) in m 3.ha -1.year -1 ) of seven selected clones Vs traditional commercial willows A AB AB AB BC BC BC D E F Sm: S. matsudana, Sn: S. nigra, Sa: S. alba, Sb: S. babylonica

Flooding tolerance The genotypes selected have different degrees of flooding tolerance specific clones

120 100 Survival percent of the families vs commercial clones 120 100 Survival percent of the selected

family Survival percent best clone Survival percent commercial clone 40 20 0 Survival percent selected

12 Flooding tolerance The genotypes selected have different degrees of flooding tolerance specific clones could be recommended according to the risk of flooding of different areas of the Delta region Survival percent of the families vs commercial clones Survival percent of the selected clones vs commercial clones Survival percent worst genotype Survival percent family Survival percent best clone Survival percent commercial clone Survival percent selected clone Survival percent comercial clone Survival in two 28-months old trials at the time of flooding (real% observed).

13 COMMERCIAL NEW CLONES Wood: characterization and potential application of new vs older commercial clones Clon Species Wood density (ton/m3) Fibre lenght (µ) Sawn wood Potential application Pulp and paper Double purpose? CARAPACHAY LEZAMA GEMINIS LOS ARROYOS YAGUARETÉ AGRONALES IBICUY S. matsudana x S. alba S. matsudana x S. nigra S. matsudana x? (op) S. matsudana x S. alba S. alba x? (op) S. matsudana x S. alba S. nigra x? (op) 0,361 0,353 0,412 0,364 0,415 0,383 0, no no S. AMERICANO RAGONESE RAGONESE BARRET ALONZO NIGRA 4 S. babylonica var sacramenta S. babylonica x S. alba S. babylonica x S. alba S. matsudana x S. alba S. nigra 0,410 0,360 0,365 0,380 0, ,6 869,1 871,9 841,9 no no no no no Five of the seven new improved clones showed outstanding of: Characteristics of the wood (denstity, fibre length) Properties of the pulp for the manufacture of newspapers: (tear strength, tensile strength and scattering) Sawn wood Op: open pollination «Double purpose»

Performance of new willow clones derived from the Breeding Program in the last four years Growth / tree form/ sawn wood AGRONALES IBICUY LEZAMA LOS ARROYOS Flooding tolerance YAGUARETÉ CARAPACHAY

14 Performance of new willow clones derived from the Breeding Program in the last four years Growth / tree form/ sawn wood AGRONALES IBICUY LEZAMA LOS ARROYOS Flooding tolerance YAGUARETÉ CARAPACHAY GÉMINIS Wood quality (sawn wood and pulp & paper) Controlled crossing LOS ARROYOS AGRONALES CARAPACHAY LEZAMA S. matsudana x S. alba S. matsudana x S. alba S. matsudana x S. alba S. matsudana x S. nigra Open pollination YAGUARETÉ S. alba x? GÉMINIS S. matsudana x? IBICUY S. nigra x?

15 WBP Conclusions New released clones -in the last four years- with high productivity and high survival rates were selected for Delta del Paraná a broader diversity of the cultivars a new tool to improve the yield and quality of willow plantations, with some clones with double purpose status. There are experimental genotypes in advanced stage of selection and in the first phases, which gradually will provide new commercial clones to release in the next years for Delta Paraná River and other regions. New clones could have accepted role in: Sustainable wood production Use in phytoremediation of contaminated sites Use in silvopastoral systems Biomass production

16 A challenge for the next years: the adoption of improved willows clones, and their potential for double propose plantations in Delta del Paraná 1-year-old plantation Clone: Salix matsudana x Salix nigra LEZAMA

To approach the aims of the Willow Breeding

been conformed and works articulately, involving

Teresa CERRILLO 1 Breeding and selection Edgardo

THOMAS 1 Evaluations in Patagonia region

Fabio ACHINELLI 3,4 Biomass Araceli GARCÍA 1

BRACCINI 1 Patricia FERNANDEZ 1,4,5 Insects

evaluation (anatomic charactristics) Ivana AMICO

7 Evaluations in Delta region Raúl VILLAVERDE 6

Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) 2

San Pedro, Buenos Aires, Argentina 3 Facultad de

Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) 5 Facultad de

17 To approach the aims of the Willow Breeding Program, a multidiciplinary working group has been conformed and works articulately, involving professionals from different institutions: Teresa CERRILLO 1 Breeding and selection Edgardo CASAUBÓN 1 Agrosilvopastoral Systems Esteban THOMAS 1 Evaluations in Patagonia region Virginia LÚQUEZ 3,4 Flooding stress responses Fabio ACHINELLI 3,4 Biomass Araceli GARCÍA 1 Identification using molecular methods Celina BRACCINI 1 Patricia FERNANDEZ 1,4,5 Insects Jorgelina GRANDE 2 Silvia MONTEOLIVA 3,4 wood evaluation (anatomic charactristics) Ivana AMICO 1 Evaluations in Patagonia region Ignacio FOSCO 7 Evaluations in Delta region Raúl VILLAVERDE 6 Evaluations in Salado Basin Region 1 Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) 2 Papel Prensa SA, Laboratorio de Maderas. San Pedro, Buenos Aires, Argentina 3 Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 4 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) 5 Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires. 6 Ministerio de Agroindustria 7 Arauco Argentina SA, Área Técnica, Gerencia Forestal Delta

18 Danke schön! Muchas gracias! Teresa Cerrillo

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