Genetic improvement of poplar and prospects for poplar cultivation in Germany

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1 Genetic improvement of poplar and prospects for

2 Content Project information FastWOOD Breeding programme and cultivar testing Results from two trial series Yield dynamics new clones Development in two rotation cycles Comparison of new hybrids to control group Yield stability for new cultivars Outlook 2

3 Joint Research Project FastWOOD Breeding of fast-growing tree species for the production of renewable resources in short rotation coppice Phase I: ; Phase II: ; Phase III: WP Institution Content 1 Northwest German Forest Research Institute Homepage: Evaluation, breeding, genetic characterization and verification of field performance and resistance of Black and Balsam poplars as well as Willows 2 Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics Breeding, genetic characterisation and assessment of potentials of white poplars and aspen (Section Populus) and black locust 3 Public enterpries Sachsenforst - Competence Centre for Wood and Forestry / Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding 4 Bavarian Office for Forest Seeding and Planting 5 Dresden University of Technology Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology 6/7 Eberswalde Forestry State Center of Excellence & Research Institute for Post- Mining Landscapes Evaluation, breeding and characterization of poplars (Section Populus) including examination of abiotic resistance of existing and newly bred clones Clonal testing (cultivation ability) of existing and new clones of Black and Balsam poplars Evaluation and optimization of physiological / anatomical parameters of fast growing tree species for agricultural cultivation Development of innovative management techniques for black locust stands (Robinia pseudoacacia) - Pilot project to optimize energetic and material utilization Funding: 3

4 FastWOOD Breeding programme Over 350 genotypes produced by controlled hybridisation or open pollination Fig. 1: Count of genotypes per parentage within the FastWood Breeding programm (for parentages with count n > 10) After 2 year long pre-selection an overall of 136 genotypes were chosen for further testing under field conditions and for comparison with established standard clones in Germany Control Group: Max 1 (P. nigra x P. maximowiczii) Hybride 275/NE42 (P. maximowiczii x P. trichocarpa) AF2 (P. deltoides x P. nigra) Fig. 2: Map of the locations of FastWood trial sites in Germany Trial series No. of sites No. of genotypes Year of planting

5 Trial design, annual measurement and site conditions Biomass Increment Survival Vitality Fresh Mass No. of shoots Survival Rate Rust infestation Dry Matter Content Shoot length Other pathogens Shoot DBH Damage due to insects Full site survey in accordance to standards in German forestry (Soil physics, soil chemistry, climate conditions Design of trial sites in each trial series based on uniform specifications Randomized Incomplete Block Design (RICB) with 6 replications Rotation length 3 years (only exception site Seeburg in series 605 with 10 year rotation length) Spacing: 0.5 m x 1.8 m 48 plants per plot with 20 plants in each plot s core for measurement leaving a frame of 28 plants as margin for excluding border effects Parametrization of allometric biomass functions per trial site and clone; estimation of yield for MAI per rotation cycle Site Soil class Mean annual temperature [ C] Mean annual precipitation [mm] 005 Stölzingen Cambisol, Leptosol Wallstawe Stagnosol Anderlingen Gleysol, Stagnosol Lehmbach Stagnosol Emmendingen Luvisol, Fluvisol Thammenhain Cambisol, Stagnosol

6 [3] [4] Fig. 3: Single tree biomass at the end of the first and second rotation cycle by trial site in series 603 Fig. 4: Survival rate per plot at the end of the first and second rotation cycle by trial site in series 603 Fig. 5: Mean annual increment of biomass per plot at the end of the first and second rotation cycle by trial site in series 603 [5] 6

7 Fig. 6: Mean annual increment of biomass per plot within the second rotation cycle by genotype separated by trial site in series 603. Grey bands mark the control group, black line displays the mean MAI for control group per site. Red bands mark registered cultivars Matrix, red line displays mean MAI for Matrix. Yellow bands mark clones that were, in regard to MAI, signifcantly superior in comparison to the control group in the first rotation cycle. 7

8 Fig. 7: Analysis of yield stability and possible Genotype-Environment interaction for selected clones in series 603 based on total biomass production after two rotation cycles. Black line resembles yield stability meaning yield of the respective clone equals the average yield per trial site. Blue line based on linear regression with grey bands for 95 % confidence intervals 8

9 [7] [8] Fig. 7: Single tree biomass at the end of the first rotation cycle by trial site in series 604 Fig. 8: Survival rate per plot at the end of the first rotation cycle by trial site in series 604 Fig. 9: Mean annual increment of biomass per plot at the end of the first rotation cycle by trial site in series 604 [9] 9

10 Fig. 11: Mean annual increment of biomass per plot within the first rotation cycle by genotype separated by trial site in series 604. Grey bands mark the control group, black line displays the mean MAI for control group per site. Yellow bands mark clones that are, in regard to MAI, signifcantly superior in comparison to the control group. 10

11 Outlook: 9 genotypes submitted for certification, 2 submitted for plant variety rights at the german plant variety office (Bundessortenamt) Within Trial series 604 and 605 new hybrids from controlled crossed are being tested under field conditions In further pre-selections many hybrids were significantly superior to the control group Analysis of further measurement data and trial results (Leaf Rust resistance, drought tolerance etc.) Linking outcome to the results of other projects (within FastWood, CF, ProLoc) 11

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