Do you think studying the ideas above was a reason why we declared our independence from Britain? Why or why not?

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1 Benchmark SS.7.C.1.1 Recognize how Enlightenment ideas including Montesquieu s view of separation of power and John Locke s theories related to natural law and how Locke s social contract influenced the Founding Fathers. Skill 1: Identify and describe the Enlightenment ideas of separation of powers, natural law, and social contract. Montesquieu s separation of powers idea is. John Locke s natural law (natural rights) idea is John Locke s improvement on social contract is Skill 2: Examine how Enlightenment ideas influence the Founder s beliefs about individual liberties and government. Do you think studying the ideas above was a reason why we declared our independence from Britain? Why or why not? Do you think studying the ideas above has had an influence on our U.S. Constitution? Why or Why not? Benchmark SS.7.C.1.2 Trace the impact that the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, Mayflower Compact, and Thomas Paine s Common Sense had on colonists view of government. Skill 1: Identify the important ideas contained in the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, Mayflower Compact, and Common Sense. The Magna Carta was the first created to limit the Evil King John s power in Britain. Shortly after the English Bill of Rights was created to protect the people s! But even so, religious freedom wasn t one of those rights, so pilgrims set off to the new world. They wrote the Mayflower Compact before they got off the boat which set up a government that could run without a king around (because it was across the ocean). We call this setting up a system of, which eventually led to our fierce love for independence! We gained a love of direct democracy people have a SAY in government. Then Britain started taxing us into poverty without us having ANYONE to represent us in British Parliament No Taxation without Representation! Eventually Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense to make us realize that we should be from Britain and our own country! Skill 2: Evaluate the impact that the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, Mayflower Compact, and Common Sense had on the creation of our government today. Reread the paragraph that we just filled in above and then write next to each word how we see this in our government today. Magna Carta: English Bill of Rights: 1

2 Mayflower Compact: Common Sense: Benchmark SS.7.C.1.3 Describe how English policies and responses to colonial concerns led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence. Skill: Trace the causal relationships between English/British policies, English responses to colonial grievances, and the writing of the Declaration of Independence. French and Indian War Won the War! But massive poverty from the expenses No Taxation Without Representation! I hear the colonists don t like the taxes! Proclamation Line of 1763 Can t get resources and money from the land just won Why? Because the king says so! The people just fought a war What should we do next? I know! Let s tax them! That will go over well Anyone care? (silence) Um anyone notice that the colonists are starting to get violent? Boston Tea Party British Parliament no one allowed to be elected to represent the colonies.. Teach them a lesson!! What should we do? In your own words, how did the events we just traced led to the Declaration of Independence in 1776: Benchmark SS.7.C.1.4 Analyze the ideas (natural rights, role of the government) and complaints set forth in the Declaration of Independence. 2

3 Skill 1: Identify and explain the concept of natural rights as they are expressed in the Declaration of Independence. Read the passage below from the Declaration of Independence and underline the natural rights you see listed. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. According to the passage, WHO gives us these rights? Why did Thomas Jefferson (writer of the Declaration of Independence) change Locke s property to Happiness? Skill 2: Analyze the relationship between natural rights and the role of government, as stated in the Declaration of Independence. Excerpt from the Declaration of Independence Governments are instituted among men to secure these rights. What does it say about the relationship between natural rights, the power of the people, and/or the government? Governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and institute a new government. Skill 3: Recognize the connection between specific grievances in the Declaration of Independence and natural rights violations. Grievance - Right that is being violated He has refused his Assent to Laws He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people. For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury 3

4 For these grievances and more, they called the King of Great Britain an oppressive tyrant. What does oppressive tyrant mean? Benchmark SS.7.C.1.5 Identify how the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led to the writing of the Constitution. Skill 1: Identify the weaknesses of the government under the Articles of Confederation. The AoC not being able to tax was a problem because The AoC not having a federal judicial branch was a problem because The AoC not having a federal executive branch was a problem because The AoC not being able to change anything with the consent of all 13 states was a problem because Skill 2: Recognize the impact of Shay s Rebellion. Shay s Rebellion was about It proved what that. Because of it and others, there was a meeting to create a NEW constitution. This meeting was called the: Benchmark SS.7.C.1.6 Interpret the intentions of the Preamble of the Constitution. Skill: Explain how the Preamble serves as an introduction to the U.S. Constitution, establishing the goals and purposes of government. AND recognize that We the People means the government depends on the people for its power and exists to serve them. Underline the goals of the U.S. government that are written in the Preamble. We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Benchmark SS.7.C.1.7 Describe how the Constitution limits the powers of government through separation of powers and checks and balances. Skill: Explain how a constitutional government limits the powers of government when it uses the concepts of separation of powers and checks and balances. 4

5 On every level of government, we separate the powers of government into three branches: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. Why do we do this? The chart to the right shows the system of checks and balances. Explain this system. Where is the plan for separation of powers AND the checks and balances system written out? Benchmark SS.7.C.1.8 Explain the viewpoints of the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists regarding the ratification of the Constitution and inclusion of a bill of rights. Skill 1: Identify the viewpoints of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists about the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Supported the Constitution. Believed a Strong, Central Government was necessary, because the Articles of Confederation were too weak to work. Had issues with the Constitution. Feared a strong, central government because of the problems in the past with Britain. Thought the Articles of Confederation just needed some improvements. Skill 2: Recognize the Anti-Federalists reasons for the inclusion of a bill of rights in the U.S. Constitution. Why do you think the Anti-Federalists thought a bill of rights was necessary in our Constitution? Where is the Bill of Rights located now in our constitution? Skill 3: Identify how the Federalists and Anti-Federalists spread the word about their opinions on whether or not to ratify the Constitution. In the late 1700s, there weren t radios, phones, tv, or the internet. How did they get the word out? 5

6 Benchmark SS.7.C.1.9 Define the rule of law and recognize its influence on the development of the American legal, political, and governmental systems. Skill: Distinguish between the characters of a society that operates under the rule of law and one that does not. When Rulers and Government Officials have to follow under the rule of law. What is society like? When Rulers and Government Officials put themselves above the rule of law. What is society like? Benchmark SS.7.C.2.1 Define the term citizen, and identify legal means of becoming a United States citizen. Skill 1: Define citizenship as stated in the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Amendment XIV Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. What is considered in the United States? What does this statement mean? Skill 2: Distinguish the difference between the terms immigrant, alien, and resident. Immigrant means. Alien means Resident means Skill 3: Describe the process of becoming a naturalized citizen. Step 1: Fit the Requirements Step 2: Fill out an application to the USCIS (United States Citizenship and Immigration Services Department) Step 3: Get a Background Check Step 4: Go through an interview and take the Naturalization Civics Test (100 questions long) Step 5: Hope you make it before they fill the Quota for that year Step 6: If accepted, go to the Naturalization Ceremony where you will swear your Oath of Allegiance to your new country! 6

7 Benchmark SS.7.C.2.2 Evaluate the obligations citizens have to obey laws, pay taxes, defend the nation, and serve on juries. AND Benchmark SS.7.C.2.3 Experience the responsibilities of citizens at the local, state, and federal levels. Skill 1: Distinguish between an obligation, or duty, and a responsibility as it relates to citizenship. And, recognize the concept of the common good as a rationale for fulfilling the obligations and/or responsibilities of citizenship. What s the difference between a duty and a responsibility? Examples of Duties Examples of Responsibilities When we do responsibilities (even though we don t have to), we do it for the of all. Skill 2: Identify the consequences of a society of citizens who do not fulfill their citizenship responsibilities. Evaluate the impact on society if civic participation were to cease. What would happen to our society if no one did their responsibilities? Benchmark SS.7.C.2.4 Evaluate rights contained in the Bill of Rights and other amendments to the U.S. Constitution. *Students will not be required to memorize the Amendment number to each right (except for Amendment #1) Skill 1: Recognize the five freedoms of the 1 st Amendment. What are the five freedoms of the 1 st Amendment in the U.S. Constitution? List them below. Why are they important? Skill 2: Recognize the freedoms of the Bill of Rights. Remember that the Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments in the U.S. Constitution. The Bill of rights are the first Amendments in the Constitution. Added in 1989 (2 years after the Constitution was ratified) Amend Right Meaning of that Right # 1 see Skill 1 see Skill 1 2 bear arms 3 no quartering of soldiers 7

8 4 no search or seizure without a warrant 5 pleading the fifth (no selfincrimination) 5 eminent domain 5 equal protection under the law 5 no double jeopardy 6 legal counsel 6 and 7 trial by jury 8 no cruel and unusual punishment 9 unenumerated rights are reserved for the people 10 unenumerated powers are reserved for the state and the people SS.7.C.2.5 Distinguish how the Constitution safeguards and limits individual rights. Skill 1: Understand the limitation to rights. Do we have unlimited rights? Why don t we have unlimited rights? Skill 2: Examine how the Judicial Branch protects our individual rights How does the Judicial Branch get involved in our rights? Benchmark SS.7.C.2.8 Identify America s current political parties, and illustrate their ideas about government. Skill: Compare current political parties ideas about government What is a political platform? 8

9 Communist Party Socialist Party Democratic Party Republican Party Tea Party Libertarian Party Strong, Central government Strong, State Governments More Federal Government Control and Regulation Less Federal Government programs More Centralized Programs Whole Nation Projects Focuses on Local Gov t Programs More taxes (paid mostly by the rich) to fund these massive projects Less taxes. Less Government. More Private Groups *By far, not a perfect chart. But it gives you a general idea of where they fall We like to keep America in that mid area between Democrats and Republicans. But the far left and the far right are necessary in order to balance us out and practice compromise. Benchmark SS.7.C.2.9 Evaluate candidates for political office by analyzing their qualifications, experience, issue-based platforms, debates, and political ads. Skill: Identify constitutional requirements to run for federal, state, or local office. What are some requirements to run for office? What are some qualities YOU would look for? Benchmark SS.7.C.2.10 Examine the impact of media, individuals, and interest groups on monitoring and influencing government. Skill 1: Identify the methods used by interest groups to monitor and/or influence the government. An interest group is. A lobbyist is. Skill 2: Identify the methods used by media to monitor and/or influence the government. What is the media? How can the media influence or monitor the government? What is a watchdog? What is one of the largest political watchdogs on the net? Skill 3: Identify the methods used by individuals to monitor and/or influence the government. 9

10 What are some of the best ways for an individual to get involved and influence government? SS.7.C.2.11 Analyze media and political communications (bias, symbolism, propaganda). Skill: Identify and evaluate the use of bias, symbolism, and propaganda on public opinion. Public Opinion is.. Label these influences correctly: This is when you use images to represent an idea, an object, etc This technique can be deceptive by putting two things together that don t actually represent each other. This is when a person is not neutral. They have chosen a side and are usually not open to hearing the other one. This can lead to a lack of compromise and a series of irrational, illogical arguments. This is used to influence people to a particular way of thinking. This technique is any form of communication from a speech, to a pamphlet, to an ad or a blog. Extremely versatile and useful tool. SS.7.C.2.12: Develop a plan to resolve a state or local problem by researching public policy alternatives, identifying appropriate government agencies to address the issue, and determining a course of action. Benchmark SS.7.C.3.14 Differentiate between local, state, and federal governments obligations and services Skill 1: Identify the appropriate level of government to resolve specific problems, and identify the appropriate government agencies to address state or local problems. Federal Level State Level Local Level Skill 2: Analyze public policy alternatives to resolve state and local problems What is a public policy alternative? Give examples of some and their uses Benchmark SS.7.C.3.1 Compare different forms of government (direct democracy, representative democracy, socialism, communism, monarchy, oligarchy, autocracy, parliamentary). Skill: Identify the different forms of government based on its political philosophy or organizational structure. (Be able to apply your understanding of each definition of government). 10

11 Type of Government Direct Democracy Representative Democracy Republic Monarchy Parliamentary Monarchy Autocracy Oligarchy Socialism Communism Definition The people rule! They vote and make decisions by themselves! Legislative Branch chosen by the people s vote to make laws. Executive Head chosen by the people s vote to enforce laws. A single leader of a country chosen by birth right. (King/Queen) A Legislative Branch the picks an executive head (prime minister) to lead beside the monarch. (Constitutional) A single ruler that rules ALL. Ex: Absolute Monarchy a king who answers to no one. A group of people who rule a country. Government controls much of the property and businesses of the people. Government controls ALL of the property and businesses of the people. Popular Sovereignty Gauge Benchmark SS.7.C.3.2 Compare federal, confederal, and unitary systems of government. Skill: Define and compare the organization of federal, confederal, and unitary systems of government. Strong, Central Government that delegates orders to the weaker state/regional governments. Shared power between Central/National and Regional/State governments. (each has 3 branches) Weak, central government that has no real power over the state/regional governments who are stronger. Benchmark SS.7.C.3.3 Illustrate the structure and function (three branches of government established in Articles I,II, and III with corresponding powers) of government in the United States as established in the Constitution. Skill 1: Recognize the structure, identify the powers, and compare the roles and responsibilities of the three branches in the federal government. 11

12 Branch Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch Main Job Make Laws Enforces Laws Interprets Laws Structure Main Powers Skill 2: Requirements for being in government. Branch Federal State Legislative: House Legislative: Senate Executive Judicial Age: Residency: Other? Age: Residency: Other? Age: Residency: Other? Age: Residency: Other? Age: Residency: Other? Age: Residency: Other? Age: Residency: Other? Age: Residency: Other? Benchmark SS.7.C.3.4 Identify the relationship and division of powers between the federal government and state governments Skill 1: Define the system of federalism and analyze how it limits government s power. Federalism is. How does federalism lead to limits in government? Skill 2: Compare concurrent, enumerated, reserved, and delegated powers as they relate to state and federal government. 12

13 Delegated Powers Federal gives orders and responsibilities to the states Enumerated Powers Powers listed in the constitution for the federal government Concurrent Powers Powers shared and done by BOTH federal and state governments Ex: Ex: Ex: Ex: Reserved Powers Powers not listed in the U.S. Constitution and therefore given to the states Skill 3: Analyze the 6 th Article (Supremacy Clause) of the U.S. Constitution s role in federalism. This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary What does this mean in regards to federalism? Skill 4: Analyze the 10 th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution s role in federalism. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. What does this mean in regards to federalism? Skill 5: Distinguish among ordinances, statutes, and acts on the local, state, and federal levels. Federal Laws State Laws Local Laws Benchmark SS.7.C.3.6 Evaluate constitutional rights and their impact on individuals and society Skill: Go through all the rights that we ve studied and think about WHY they are important SS.7.C.3.8 Analyze the structure, functions, and processes of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. SS.7.C.3.9 Illustrate the lawmaking process at the local, state, and federal levels. Skill: Diagram the lawmaking process: Benchmark SS.7.C.3.5 Explain the Constitutional Amendment Process 13

14 Skill 1: Recognize the methods used to propose and ratify amendments to the U.S. Constitution, and be able to identify the correct sequence of each amendment process. Proposal Ratification One Way: One Way: Alternative (less common) Way: Alternative (less common) Way: Skill 2: Identify the importance and difficulty of formally amending the U.S. Constitution. Why is it important for us to be able to amend the Constitution? Why do you think we make the process so difficult? Benchmark SS.7.C.3.7 Analyze the impact of the 13 th, 14 th, 15 th, 19 th, 24 th, and 26 th amendments on participation of minority groups in the American political process. *Students will not have to identify which Amendment number goes with each right. Skill: Recognize the right and evaluate its long-term impact on society. Amendment Right Long Term Impact # 13 Ending involuntary servitude (slavery) 14 Equality Under the Law 15 Voting Rights no matter Race 19 Suffrage for Women 24 Ending Poll Tax 26 Suffrage age changed to 18 Benchmark SS.7.C.3.10 Identify sources and types (civil, criminal, constitutional, military) of law. 14

15 Skill: Define civil, criminal, constitutional, and military law. Court cases that deal with breaking the law Court cases that deal with disputes between two people or organizations Court cases that deal with rights and issues written within the constitution Court cases that deal with military law set by the federal government Benchmark SS.7.C.3.11 Diagram the levels, functions, and powers of courts at the state and federal levels. Skill 1: Distinguish between levels, functions, and powers of the courts at the state and federal levels. Recognize the powers and jurisdiction of these courts from their constitutions and compare the processes. Type of Court U.S. Supreme Court U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals U.S. District Courts Florida Supreme Court Florida District Court of Appeals Florida District Trial Courts Laws under its jurisdiction U.S. Constitutional Law Federal Law Appeals Federal Law State Constitutional Law State Law Appeals State and Local Law Structure and Process of the Court Skill 2: Examine the significance of the role of juries in the American Legal System. What is a jury? Why is it important to have one? Skill 3: Explain the differences in juvenile trial process and adult ones. Benchmark SS.7.C.3.12 Analyze the significance and outcomes of landmark Supreme Court cases including, but not limited to: Marbury v. Madison, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v Board of Education, Gideon v. Wainwright, Miranda v. Arizona, In re Gault, Tinker v Des Moines, Hazelwood v. Kulhmeier, United States v Nixon, Bush v Gore, and District of Columbia v. Heller. 15

16 Court Case Marbury v. Madison Summary of what it was about Precedent it set and its impact on society Plessy v. Ferguson Brown v. Board of Education Gideon v. Wainwright Miranda v. Arizona In re Gault Tinker v. Des Moines Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier United States v. Nixon Bush v. Gore District of Columbia v. Heller 16

17 Benchmark SS.7.C.3.13 Compare the constitutions of the United States and Florida Skill 1: Identify the purpose of a constitution and recognize the basic outline of the U.S. and Florida constitutions. A constitution s purpose is to. A constitution is set up with Skill 2: Compare the amendment process and rights of the U.S. and Florida Constitutions. Look at the powerpoint, how is the Florida Constitution s amendment process different? The Florida Declaration of Human Rights has what similar and different rights than the U.S. Constitution? Benchmark SS.7.C.4.1 Differentiate concepts related to United States domestic and foreign policy. Skill 1: Recognize the difference between domestic and foreign policy. Skill 2: Identify the tools of foreign policy. Skill 3: Recognize the role of the U.S. State Department in foreign affairs. Benchmark SS.7.C.4.2 Recognize government and citizen participation in international organizations. Skill: Identify major international organizations in which governments or individuals play a role to participate in foreign policy. These organizations include: Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) United Nations (UN) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) United Nations International Children s Fund (UNICEF) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) World Court International Red Cross World Trade Organization (WTO) Benchmark SS.7.C.4.3 Describe examples of how the United States has dealt with international conflicts. Skill: Identify specific examples of international conflict in which the U.S was involved: World War I and World War II Vietnam War Cold War Iran Hostage Situation Korean War Gulf Wars I and II Bay of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis 17