Chapter 3 Power & Countervailing Powers
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1 Chapter 3 Power & Countervailing Powers
2 Chapter 3 Power & Countervailing Powers Section 2: The British Regime Part 3: The Constitutional Act 1
3 Quick Review Royal Proclamation (RP) When did it happen? 1763 What was the goal? The assimilate the French Canadiens Who declared it? The King of England King Edward III What name was given to the territory French Canadiens lived in after 1763? Province of Quebec (POQ) Where was this territory? Along the St. Lawrence River from Lake Ontario to Gaspe
4 Quick Review Royal Proclamation (RP) Continued Who was the First Governor of the POQ? James Murray Did he fully implement the RP? Why? No. He understood he needed to keep the French Canadiens in the POQ happy he made concessions What CONCESSIONS did he make? Tolerate Catholicism in POQ, Keep some French laws Which interest group reacted negatively to his decision? What did they do about it? What was the result? The minority of British merchants that held lots of power did not like Murray s plan to make concessions they wrote letters/signed petitions and mailed them to the King in England Murray was fired from his position of governor and replaced by Guy Carleton
5 Quick Review Quebec Act (QA) When did it happen? 1774 Why did it happen? To make sure the French Canadiens did not rebel along with the 13 Colonies Who implemented it? Guy Carleton 2 nd governor of the POQ What were the immediate consequences of the QA: On the territory? POQ increases in size For French Canadiens? Can be part of council For French laws French civil laws fully restored For the Catholic Church? Officially recognized as a religion in the POQ can collect TITHE
6 Quick Review Quebec Act (QA) Continued How did the 13 Colonies react to the QA? What did the 13 Colonies do 2 years later? How did this affect the territory of the POQ after 1783? 13 Colonies not happy they declare independence in 1776 war with England Become USA in 1783 POQ losses the territory South of the Great Lakes (Ohio Valley) Which group of people move to the British Colonies such as the POQ during OR after the American Revolutionary War? The Loyalists What was the Loyalists opinion of the POQ when they arrived? Did not like the POQ too French What did they demand from the British government? Did they get what they wanted? Their own territory with British laws and an elected assembly Constitutional Act in 1791 Upper & Lower Canada
7 Arrival of the Loyalists after 1783 What do the Loyalists want when they arrive in the Province of Quebec? To live in a territory that is English with English laws and rules! To be able to vote for the people in the government!
8 Arrival of the Loyalists after 1783 With the arrival of the Loyalists in the POQ: There are now more English speaking people in the POQ They want change in the laws and possibly what the territory looks like The British government eventually agrees to the change
9 3 rd Constitution: Constitutional Act of 1791 Was passed to satisfy the demands of the Loyalists. Split the POQ into Upper Canada & Lower Canada Created a Constitutional Monarchy. Each colony was granted a Legislative Assembly British Territories in North America after 1791
10 British territories in North America after The Treaty of Paris The Province of Quebec Loses the territory South of the Great Lakes (Ohio Valley) British territories in North America after The Constitutional Act The Province of Quebec is split into Upper Canada & Lower Canada
11 What were the demographics in Upper and Lower Canada after 1791? Upper Canada: Mainly English speaking Protestants will increase with British immigration SMALL population of French Canadiens Eastern Upper Canada Lower Canada: Large majority French speaking Catholics will increase with natural growth SMALL population of English speaking Protestants sprinkled all over (Montreal, Eastern Townships)
12 How did the Constitutional Act affect the structure of the government in Lower Canada? Before 1791 The general public COULD NOT vote for representatives in the government After 1791 The general public could vote for representatives in the LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY Structure of the Government in LC & UC after 1791
13 What role did each part of the government play? The Legislative Assembly (LA) 50 members Elected by the people Elections were held at least once every 4 years Members were usually professionals (doctors, lawyers, notaries, etc.) The LA discussed and voted on laws for Lower Canada The LA also had the power to pass taxes that could be collected to fund the colony Structure of the Government in LC & UC after 1791
14 What role did each part of the government play? The Executive Council (EC) 9 members Appointed (chosen) by the governor Helped advise the governor make decisions Oversaw that laws/ budget were being followed Structure of the Government in LC & UC after 1791
15 What role did each part of the government play? The Legislative Council 15 members Appointed (chosen) by the governor Worked with the governor to approve or REJECT laws voted on by the Legislative Assembly Structure of the Government in LC & UC after 1791
16 What role did each part of the government play? The Governor Appointed (chosen) by the British King Worked with the Legislative Council to approve or REJECT laws voted on by the Legislative Assembly He held the FINAL DECISION when it came to passing laws POWER OF VETO Structure of the Government in LC & UC after 1791
17 What were the demographics of the government in Lower Canada? The Governor was always an English speaking male aristocrat British/Protestant Aristocrat = someone from a powerful/wealthy family Often times, the governor was not sympathetic to the demands of the Legislative Assembly The councils that advised the governors were usually men of power as well merchants only care about bling Structure of the Government in LC & UC after 1791
18 What were the demographics of the government in Lower Canada? The Legislative Assembly represented the people of Lower Canada Because the majority of the population in LC was French they were represented by people who were (mostly) French had the interests of the people in mind Structure of the Government in LC & UC after 1791
19 Were there problems with the structure of the government and the way it was run after the Constitutional Act? Yes, to quote Trump BIG LEAGUE problems! WHO was allowed to vote for representatives What language should be used in the assembly The wealthy merchants of the 2 councils used their powers to advance their businesses The French Canadiens wanted taxes on goods The laws passed by the Assembly (French majority) were often vetoed by the governor and his Legislative Council POWER OF VETO
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