What is a REVOLUTION? How does the spirit of the Enlightenment encourage revolution? How did the American Revolution ( ) encourage the French

Transcription

1 What is a REVOLUTION? How does the spirit of the Enlightenment encourage revolution? How did the American Revolution ( ) encourage the French Revolution?

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6 What are the causes of the French Revolution? My three: 1:36 As you watch, identify 3 causes of discontent in France by the 18 th century Inequalities in society (taxes/inflation/poverty) Financial crisis Incompetent leadership Book Work

7 First Estate: 1% = 100,000 Clergy Special privileges/ no taxes/ Church courts/ wealthy from rent of land Second Estate: 400,000 Nobility 2% of the population Own 30% of the land/ paid few taxes Ancien Regime Third Estate: 97% = 24 million Each estate has ONE vote in the Estates General (founded 1303, not met since 1614) bourgeoisie (city dwelling merchants, factory owners, professionals) free peasants skilled workers Sans-culottes (workers of the 3 rd estate) serfs (pay $ landlord AND church)

8 AP World: Choose a pocket in the front of the room and put your cell phones in it C 17 Q/A/T due on Monday 12/12 DBQ on F 12/16 (I will give you the question and 2 of the 7 documents on TH) (75 points)

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10 Field Trip?? BEFORE our LAST presentation. Find your C 20 papers PLEASE! (there should be 4 ) Sit in your assigned seats please REMINDERS: C 20 TEST next week (W 12/14) W 11/30 = Nick, Katherine TH 12/1 = Tamara, Sam F 12/2 = Simrun, Shane M 12/5 = Harris, Hailey

11 ancien regime King Louis XVI Marie Antoinette Estates General First Estate Second Estate Third Estate Bourgeoisie Sans-culottes Find your C 20 papers PLEASE! READ and analyze Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen radical

12 1. Why did the Third Estate dislike King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette? Extravagant lifestyle She was Austrian- a country a traditional enemy of France She was frivolous- spent money on lavish parties and crazy hats 2. What special privileges were granted to the FIRST and SECOND estates? First = only church courts could try clergy for crimes/ didn t have to pay taxes/ earned a lot of money from rents on church lands Second = didn t have to pay taxes- held most of the country s wealth 3. What ideas of the Enlightenment helped to inspire the poor to rebel? Bourgeoisie knew of writings of Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire Wrote of the social contract, freedom of speech, religion and press Knew of success of American colonists in overthrowing British rule

13 4. Why was France in debt and how did nature contribute to France s problems in the 18 th century? France borrowed a lot of money to spend on wars (including Am Rev) King and court continued to spend heavily which led to more borrowing 5. What actions could Louis XVI have taken to avoid an economic crisis? He tried to tax the Second Estate but then backed down. Should have been a stronger leader Could have eliminated tax exemptions for the FIRST AND SECOND Estate ALSO curb the expenses/ scale back spending

14 First Events of the Revolution By 1789, no group happy Clergy and nobility lost power to monarchy Bourgeoisie resented regulations Poor worse off- hungry and broke Estates General meets Desire for reforms Voting process a problem Third Estate proclaimed themselves National Assembly Tennis Court Oath

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16 Storming of the Bastille King brought in troops People of Paris armed themselves Searching for weapons, a mob stormed the Bastille Great Fear spread King to punish the Third Estate with foreign soldiers Rumors of massacres Peasants destroyed records and burned nobles houses

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18 QUICK REVIEW: 1. What happened during the first events of the Revolution? 2. Why did a mob storm the Bastille? What was the Bastille? 3. How was the 1789 meeting of the Estates General different from previous meetings? 4. Did the National Assembly created by the Third Estate have the right to make laws for all of France?

19 People still upset King tries to claim back more power French attempts to create a NEW NATION! National Assembly completed a constitution Restricted the king s power Created the Legislative Assembly/ kept monarchy (restricted) Gave citizens broad rights/ eliminated feudal dues Church not eliminated but becomes a branch of the state Assembly eliminated the First Estate s legal privileges Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citize (Olympe de Gouges?) Declaration written by the National Assembly that laid out the principles of the revolution All men are born equal and remain equal before the law Freedom of speech Rights include: Liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression All persons are held innocent until they have been declared guilty Taxes shall be equally distributed in proportion to the means of the people

20 RESTRICTIONS ON POWER: What was the outcome of the women s march on Versailles? King Louis XVI hides out in Versailles Louis called troops to Versailles to protect his throne 7000 women marched to Versailles (Oct 1789) for bread Louis agreed to return to Paris and live at Tuileries Palace with his family (Nov) National Assembly seizes church lands to pay off debt

21 Louis XVI Accepts the Constitution & the National Assembly. 1791

22 National Assembly completes constitution on 1791 Create a new legislative body called the Legislative Assembly Monarchs of Austria and Prussia issue warning to France Legislative Assembly powerless against growing violent mobs Established more RADICAL National Convention National Convention abolishes the monarchy France is now a REPUBLIC

23 C 20 Section 2: The Republic National Convention convened September 20, 1792 = RADICAL Jean-Paul Marat

24 Maximilien Robespierre Guillotine Counterrevolution Reign of Terror

25 Chapter 20 section 2: The Republic 1. A Radical Government: Factions in the New Government/Radical Leaders All members of the National Convention supported the Revolution The Mountain/ Jacobins = the most radical (Maximilien Robespierre) The groups of the National Convention had no formal organization 2. A Radical Government: Execution of the King/ Tightening Control/ Transforming Society King Louis XVI (and Marie Antoinette) placed on trial/ quickly found guilty/ killed by guillotine European nations/ monarchs horrified Committee of Public Safety set up yr olds for military service Cult of Supreme Being- enthusiasm for revolution rather than the church was primary goal

26 The National Convention voted 387 to 334 to execute the monarchs. January 21, 1793

27 Reign of Terror? 40,000 Killed in 10 months 300,000 Imprisoned No God! No Religion! No King! No Constitution

28 TODAY: FIELD TRIP? Collect Napoleon Bio poems historical markers Review French Rev TEST C 20 sec 1 and 2 TOMORROW ONE notes sheet permitted (front side only) GO over Napoleon class work on TH 12/15 The Monster Guillotine: Last guillotine execution was in 1939!

29 3. The Reign of Terror/ An Outbreak of Civil war/ Accusations and Trials After peasants won their demand- end of feudal dues- tended to remain conservative = fear of counterrevolution Peasants resisted the draft (region called the Vendee)= civil war Members of the National Convention fell victim to the Reign of Terror 4. The Reign of Terror/ Death by Guillotine/ The Terror s Victims Condemned rode in an open cart through the streets of Paris Guillotine could execute one per minute All social classes fell victim (approximately 40,000 killed in total) inc,luding Robespierre

30 Execution of Robespierre: July

31 As a member of the Third Estate how has the revolution changed your life? Page : yet another constitution Elected a governing board called the Directory Some of the same problems existed: high prices, bankruptcy, citizen unrest

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33 Terms to KNOW for tomorrow: First Estate Second Estate Third Estae Estates General King Louis XVI Marie Antoinette National Assembly Bread March National Convention The Radicals (The Mountain) Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citrizen Olympe de Gouges Bourgeoise The Bastille Guillotine Maximillian Robespierre Committee of Public Safety Cult of the Supreme Being Liberty, Equality and Fraternity