NAPOLEON BONAPARTE. the last enlightened despot?

Transcription

1 NAPOLEON BONAPARTE the last enlightened despot?

2 QUICK INTRO Lived from , ruled from Born in Corsica to an Italian lawyer--italian nobility Military genius--particularly artillery, also confident and thoroughly inspired by enlightenment Enrolled by 9 in military school at 15 ecole militaire--in France est. under Louis XV Career began in earnest at age 16

3

4

5 EARLY NAPOLEON Napoleon declares himself First Consul in Dec His new leadership also brings a new constitution The title of Consul hearkens back to Roman rule Abbe Sieyes echoes the rest of France in 1789, when he said that the country needed confidence from below, authority from above

6 ACHIEVEMENTS Concordat of 1801 & 1802, brokered an agreement with the Catholic Church The concordat expelled all clergy who were part of the revolution, and gave all power to Napoleon (the state) including salary, hiring, and access/power over all church property Basically the concordat addresses the primacy of the Catholic religion in France, but consolidates power in Napoleon over religion

7 FURTHER ACHIEVEMENTS Napoleonic Code--issued in 1804, also known as the Civil Code Standardized laws across France Continues some aspects of the revolution including limits on labor (organizations) and women s rights (property, inheritance, but not divorce, etc.) Declares himself Emperor in 1804

8 EMPEROR

9 EMPIRE UNDER NAPOLEON Skilled, but also steers a loyal French army of almost one million His achievements not only unify France, but also change the face of Europe His leadership marks the end of the old regime and also encourages/forces other nations to modernize or join "Since one must choose sides, one might as well choose the side that is victorious, the side which devastates, loots, and burns. Considering the alternative, it is better to eat than be eaten."

10 NAPOLEONIC REVISIONS 1--Napoleonic Codes--legal/social reform 2--Meritocracy--no longer solely based on class or estate or feudalism titles 3--Religious reform Concordat 4--Financial--Bank of France 5--Education--public education under state control

11 NAPOLEONIC BATTLES Began with a series of victories including a decisive scuffle with royalist nobles in 1795 and in Italy in 1796/7 Failed in Egypt in the Nile 1798 against Lord Nelson Later failure at Trafalgar against British under Lord Nelson again

12 BATTLE OF THE NILE British ships take advantage of wind, speed and some surprise to decimate the French fleet in Egypt, 1798

13 TRAFALGAR Again, Lord Nelson used wind to his advantage and conquered the French fleet, securing Britain from a French invasion--1805

14 MORE TRAFALGAR

15 NAPOLEONIC VICTORIES 1805 defeats Russia and Austria, winning control of Italy north of Rome--declared King of Italy Controls Germanic princes and forces the dissolution of the last remnants of the old Holy Roman Empire--now reduced to just Austria Defeats Prussia in 1806 and issues the Berlin Decrees --banning all importation of British Goods--now conquered all of Germany Fights Russia in 1807 resulting in the Treaty of Tilsit, granting Prussia to Napoleon, and acknowledging a truce with Russia-- conducted on a raft in the Nemen river with Alexander I

16 ARC DE TRIOMPHE

17

18 NAPOLEON FAMILY RULE

19 RUSSIA 1812 Refusing to continue the blockade of Britain, Russia resists Napoleon Resistance was presaged by the revolt in Spain Napoleon marches in winter to Russia, en route to Moscow, which is evacuated after the Battle of Borodino in 1812 Napoleon takes Moscow, but it is an empty gesture In retreat, Napoleon refuses to concede what has become a Pyrrhic Victory-- Napoleon has invaded with a force of almost 700,000 and leaves with an estimated 125,000 This will lead ultimately to the final Alliance against Napoleon, the Fourth Coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia and Britain Napoleon will leave the throne, and abdicate to Elba in 1814

20

21 IT S ALL OVER FOR NAPOLEON Louis XVIII is reinstated to the throne in a close reenactment of the constitutional monarchy of the early revolution under the treaty of Paris in 1814 The Congress of Vienna carves up France to return it to its prior size Louis XVIII is a weak ruler so just when you thought it was over...

22 NAPOLEON S BACK Napoleon escapes Elba, finds loyal soldiers, overthrows Louis XVIII in Paris, wins back some support of the country and immediately goes to war. Napoleon s new army takes on Prussia and the allies during a period of time called the hundred days but he loses to Field Marshal von Blucher at Waterloo in Belgium on June 18th, 1815 and the Quadruple Alliance exile him to Saint Helena and there he dies in The End.

23