Andrea Kalischuk, P.Bio.

Transcription

1 Irrigation Water Quality Study Andrea Kalischuk, P.Bio. Irrigation Technical Conference June 9, 2011

2 Outline 1. Previous Alberta Findings 2 year study: 2006 and 2007 Funded d by AAFC (CAWSEP) Lead by ARD 2. Saskatchewan 3 year study: 2007 to 2009 Funded and lead by SK Min. of Ag. 3. Current Alberta Work 5 year study: 2011 to 2015 Funded by Irrigation Council and AIPA Lead by Steering Committee

3 Purpose: 2006 and 2007 Assess quality for: 1) food production 2) aquatic environment Available online:

4 Key Findings Water quality for irrigation was generally good or excellent. Physical: Total dissolved solids, EC, SAR Metals: Boron, Cadmium, Chloride, Cobalt, Lithium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Uranium, Vanadium Herbicides: Atrazine, Bromacil, Bromoxynil, Dicamba, MCPA Biological: Fecal and total coliforms

5 Key Findings Some degradation of water quality occurred as water flowed through the irrigation distribution system. Nutrients: Nitrogen, Phosphorus Pesticides Major ions and salinity

6 Key Findings Some herbicide guidelines for irrigation were consistently tl exceeded. d Source waters for WID (Bow River) Irrigation districts also contributed MCPA and Dicamba were of concern MCPA 33% exceeded Dicamba 46% exceeded Lettuce - MCPA Sunflowers - Dicamba

7 Saskatchewan Irrigation Water Quality Same methods as AB 14 locations in 4 areas; 3 times/yr; 3 years Good or excellent Low concentrations of nutrients, metals, salts Sporadic pesticides AB 2,4-D 96% 2,4-D 91% MCPA 26% MCPA 38% Dicamba 6% Dicamba 47% Available online:

8 Current Alberta Study: 2011 to 2015 Steering Committee January, 2011 Irrigation Districts BRID, EID, LNID, RID, SMRID,TID, UID, WID AIPA Primary Producers Schuld Farms Monarch Feeders Processors McCain Foods Canada Lakeside Feedyards Inc. Provincial Government Agriculture and Rural Development Environment Co-Chairs Earl Wilson, EID Andrea Kalischuk, ARD

9 2011 to 2015 Objectives: Assess quality for: 1) food production 2) aquatic environment Additional Objectives 3) Long term database to assess trends 4) Correlate land cover and water quality 5) Cumulative impacts of return flows on rivers 6) New parameters

10 Cumulative impact of return flows River monitoring Return monitoring BR-R2 Bow River E-R3a E-R5a Oldman River BR-R5R5 S Saskatchewan River Lethbridge

11 New parameter: Chlorophyll A Weeds light temperature nutrients Indicator of phytoplankton (algae) biomass Sensitive to ecosystem drivers (nutrient loading)

12 New parameter: Glyphosate Round-up up Most common herbicide in AB 2.5 million kg of active ingredient (1998) Environmentally friendly? Crop resistance?

13 Glyphosate As common as 2,4-D (30% detection frequency) More common in high (60%) and irrigation (40%) Detected all months Highest in spring (Mar, Apr) High in July Max 14ug/L Aquatic GL 65 ug/lg Irrigation GL 280 ug/l AESA 23 watersheds 2007 Low Moderate High Irrigation

14 Methods: Significant Database 5yrs 4x/yr grab sample 86 sampling sites 12 irrigation districts 155 parameters/sample 5*4*86*155 = 266,600 data database maintained by ARD available by request

15 Commercial Lab (Exova) Nutrients Metals Ions Ammonia Aluminum (Al) ph Nitrate-Nitrogen Antimony (Sb) Alkalinity Nitrite-Nitrogen Arsenic (As) Calcium, Dissolved Total (Kjeldahl) Nitrogen Barium (Ba) Magnesium, Dissolved Dissolved Phosphorus s Beryllium (Be) Sodium, Dissolved Total Phosphorus Boron (B) Potassium, Dissolved Cadmium (Cd) Sodium Adsorption Ratio Biological Chromium (Cr) Hardness (as CaCO3) Total coliforms Cobalt (Co) Alkalinity, Total (as CaCO3) Fecal coliforms Copper (Cu) Hydroxide E.coli Iron (Fe) Carbonate Chlorophyll-A Lead (Pb) Bicarbonate Lithium (Li) Chloride Physical Manganese (Mn) Sulphate Total Suspended Solids Mercury (Hg) Ion Balance Conductivity Molybdenum (Mo) Temperature Nickel (Ni) Selenium (Se) Silver (Ag) Strontium (Sr) Tellurium (Te) Thallium (Tl) Titanium (Ti) Uranium (U) Vanadium (V) Zinc (Zn)

16 Pesticides: AAFC 74 NEW Herbicide Insecticide Fungicide 2,4-D DICLOFOP-METHYL a-bch ISOFENPHOS BENALAXYL 2,4-DB DIMETHACHLOR ALDRIN LINDANE BUPRIRIMATE ALACHLOR DIPHENAMID alpha-endosulfan METHOXYCHLOR CHLORONEB ALLIDOCHLOR EPTC b-bhc MIREX CHLOZOLINATE ATRAZINE ETHALFLURALIN BIFENTHRIN o,p-dde ETRIDIAZOLE BENFLURALIN ETHOFUMESATE BROMOPHOS-ETHYL o,p-ddt PROCYMIDONE BENZOYLPROP-ETHYL FENOXAPROP CHLORMEPHOS OXYCHLORDANE QUINTOZENE BROMACIL FLAMPROP-ISOPROPYL CHLORPYRIFOS p,p-ddt BROMOXYNIL FLAMPROP-METHYL CHLORPYRIFOS- METHYL PHORATE Acaricide BUTACHLOR IMAZETHAPYR cis-chlordane PIRIMICARB BROMOPROPYLATE BUTRALIN MCPA cis-permethrin PIRIMPHOS-ETHYL TETRADIFON BUTYLATE MECOPROP d-hch PIRIMPHOS-METHYLMETHYL TETRASUL CHLORTHAL-DIMETHYL METOLACHLOR DIAZINON pp DDD (TDE) CHLORTHIAMID op-ddd DICHLORVOS pp-dde Bactericide CLOMAZONE PICLORAM DIELDRIN SULFOTEP NITRAPYRIN CLOPYRALID PROMETON DIMETHOATE SULPROPHOS CYCLOATE PROPHAM DIOXATHION t-chlordane Nematicide id DESMETRYNE PROPYZAMIDE ENDRIN TERBUFOS DICHLOFENTHION DICAMBA QUINCLORAC ETHION trans-heptachlor- EPOXIDE DICHLOBENIL SIMAZINE ETRIMFOS trans-permethrin Growth Reg DICHLORPROP TERBACIL FENCHLOROPHOS FLUMETRALIN TERBUTRYNE FENTHION TRIALLATE FONOFOS TRIFLURALIN HEPTACHLOR

17 Calgary Sampling Locations Medicine Hat Lethbridge Pi Primary source sites Secondary source sites Return flow sites

18 Annual Budget $500, 000 each year ($2.5 M total) $225, 000 cash (Irrigation Council - IRP) $40,000 cash (AIPA) $730 per sample; $3000 per site Don Gross Jollin Charest Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development Dan Inaba Dr. Claudia Sheedy Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada

19 Thanks