Rollin in the deep: How inhabiting stable vs variable environments affects plastic responses to salinity in Ciona intestinalis?

Transcription

1 Rollin in the deep: How inhabiting stable vs variable environments affects plastic responses to salinity in Ciona intestinalis? Anna Campbell Inês Leal Mauricio Urbina CeMEB Advanced Course, 2015: Marine evolution under climate change - 4th edition December 2015, Kristineberg (Fiskebäckskil), Sweden

2 Why salinity? Salinity is one of the dominant environmental factors controlling species distribution and influencing physiological processes. (Kinne, 1971; Shumway, 1978)

3 Salinity tolerance: Osmoregulators Urbina and Glover, JEMBE 473, 7-15.

4 Hyper-osmoregulate Osmoconforms Salinity tolerance: Osmoconformers Salinity tolerance: Mixed strategy Urzua et al., in revision

5 Stable vs Variable conditions Fjord profile Shallow Variable salinity Deep Stable salinity Flow-through mesocosm facilities

6 Sven Lovén Centre For Marine Sciences Salinity Data 40 Deep Shallow Salinity (PSU) ± 0.8 PSU 27.0 ± 2.9 PSU Min: 22.0 PSU Máx: 34.6 PSU Min: 15.9 PSU Máx: 33.2 PSU Time

7 Climate change scenarios RCP 2.6 RCP 8.5 Heavy precipitation events. Increase in the frequency, intensity, and/or amount of heavy precipitation. IPCC, 2013

8 High plasticity Low plasticity Phenotypic plasticity Phenotype Specialist Specialist Generalist Environmental factor Over evolutionary time scales, species adapt to the environment in which they are embedded. Organisms inhabiting stable habitats may be less tolerant to environmental change. (e.g. Hoffmann and Todgham, 2010) Adapted fromangilletta (2009) Oxford UniversityPress.

9 1 As shallow populations experience greater salinity variability, they are likely to show greater phenotypic plasticity to cope with salinity stress. Low salinities?

10 1 As shallow populations experience greater salinity variability, they are likely to show greater phenotypic plasticity to cope with salinity stress. 2 Long-term acclimatization to different salinity regimes can influence the salinity tolerance of gametes (carry-over effects). How the environment of the parents affects the performance of offspring?

11 Hypothesis Materials & Biological model Class: Ascidiacea Species: Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767)

12 Hypothesis Materials & Biological model Short-generation time; Easy to culture in the lab; Model species; Distributed across both shallow and deep fjord environments; Limited larvae phase (~2h).

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14 Experimental design Ciona intestinalis Deep, Stable Shallow, Variable 1 2 months acclimation D D S D D S S S 3 populations per site 3 replicates per treatment 2 Performance measures Adult metabolic rate Fertilization success

15 1 Adult Metabolic rate D D S D D S S S 2 Fertilization success Eggs Sperm Eggs Sperm Eggs Sperm Eggs Sperm Decremental Salinity Challenge

16 Respirometry N=8 33 ppt 12 C 200 ml 2 h incubation Close respirometry MR (µmol O 2 g DW -1 h -1 )

17 Possible results Performance Totally plastic response No local adaptation Likely interbreeding D-D D-S S-D S-S Treatment

18 Possible results Performance Deep = Non-reversible Plasticity / Local adaptation Shallow = Total plasticity Reversible D-D D-S S-D S-S Treatment

19 Gant chart Further implications and outreach Conference talks Posters Peer review articles Press office Personal research web sites Social media: Facebook, Twitter, and so on.

20 Gant chart Budget 2017 Travel expenses 3500 Bench fee Lodging and food Consumables Covered Covered Covered

21 Gant chart 3 Carry-over effects from adult environment determine salinity tolerance of F2. Potential sources of funding Company of biologists (500 ); Santander Postgraduate Research Award (500 ); Journal of experimental biology (3000 ).

22 Be quick Or be dead See, what's ruling all our lives See, who's pulling strings Iron Maiden

23 Thank you! Gracias! Obrigada!