Workshop on the Effects of Ocean Acidification on shellfish Organismal Perspective. Gretchen E. Hofmann UC Santa Barbara
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1 Workshop on the Effects of Ocean Acidification on shellfish Organismal Perspective Gretchen E. Hofmann UC Santa Barbara
2 Outline of the Talk: Organismal Perspectives 1. A little bit about larval culturing & the lab set up 2. Data on research on invertebrate larvae 3. Update on some new directions & activities
3 Emphasis on early life history stages Data from lab experiments Conditions in the water column?
4 Vunerability of larval forms to variable pco 2 waters?
5 Larval cultures raised in the UCSB
6 Design of CO 2 Mixing System Fangue et al. (2010) Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods (in press)
7 Design of Culture Buckets Fangue et al. (2010) Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods (in press)
8 Life cycle of a purple sea urchin
9 Control (380) 540 ppm 970 ppm We go Old School Morphometrics show reduced size of larval endoskeleton Lytechinus pictus O Donnell et al (2010) MEPS 398:
10 Total Skeleton after 48h of growth CO 2 (ppm) O Donnell et al, (2010) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 398:
11 Environmental Conditions of Coastal Waters pco 2 varies significantly pco April October Data from the Oregon coast courtesy of Drs. Francis Chan & Burke Hale
12 There is a maternal effect Purple urchin Yu et al. JEMBE (in prep)
13 % Mortality Thermal Challenge(1h) of 4-Arm Purple Urchins 50 (Mortality assessed after 1h recovery) ppm CO Dr. Nann Fangue NSF Postdoc Fellow Asst. Prof. UC Davis Thermal Challenge ( C) Fangue & Todgham, unpubl. results
14 % Mortality Thermal Challenge(1h) of 4-Arm Purple Urchins 50 (Mortality assessed after 1h recovery) ppm CO ppm CO Thermal Challenge ( C) Fangue & Todgham, unpubl. results
15 Abalone, Mackenzie & Ben Ben Beede The Hatchery
16 Abalone Life Cycle Red abalone - Haliotis rufescens Trochophore Settled 16 cell stage Raised at 15 C Pre-torsion veliger larvae 2 wks Pre metamorphic Post torsion veliger larvae 35 hr pf 120 hr 58 hr pf
17 Does CO 2 impact larval thermal tolerance? Zippay & Hofmann (2010) J. Shellfish Res. 29:1-11
18 Methods Present Day B1 A1F1 IPCC Scenarios (by 2100) 380ppm ph = ppm ph = ppm ph = 7.8 Sampling 35 hr pf 58 hr pf 84 hr pf 120 hr Pre-torsion larvae Post torsion larvae Late veliger larvae Pre metamorphic larvae
19 Survival Results
20 Summary of Survival Data Pre-torsion Post-torsion Late veliger Pre-metamorphic Two windows in development were sensitive Stage specific differences in survival Within stages, CO 2 effect is not consistent Zippay & Hofmann (2010) J. Shellfish Res. 29:1-11
21 Mark Arnoff Eric Sanford Mark Arnoff Adult oysters collected in Tomales Bay, CA BML Adults held until larvae released (48hr) Ostrea lurida
22 Average jar ph + 1 SE Effects of elevated CO 2 on Ostrea lurida larvae and juveniles pco 2 levels Control 380 ppm Elevated treatment ppm Elevated treatment ppm Larval culturing apparatus CO 2 Treatment (ppm)
23 Shell added since settlement (mm 2 ) + 1 SE Effects of elevated CO 2 on Ostrea lurida juveniles 4-5 days later, juveniles had precipitated 42% less shell area in 970 ppm relative to the control A p < B C CO 2 treatment (ppm) Data courtesy of Drs. Brian Gaylord, Eric Sanford, Tessa Hill
24 Thoughts & Future Directions The Environment: Durafet loggers Addressing local adaptation Vulnerability, underpinnings of resilience/sensitivity
25 Todd Martz et al., L & O: Methods. New technology: Durafet loggers ph Natural variability of ph on a coral reef How will OA alter natural variability of ph? Data courtesy of Drs. Jennifer Smith & Todd Martz
26 Acknowledgments Anna MacPherson & Evan Hunter (Super Tech) Dr. Nann Fangue LaTisha Hammond Dr. Moose O Donnell Dr. Anne Todgham Dr. Pauline Yu Paul Matson Emily Rivest Dr. Mary Sewell (Auckland Univ.) Dr. Richard Feely (NOAA) Dr. Andrew Dickson (Scripps) Dr. Eric Sanford, Dr. Jennifer Smith, Dr. Brian Gaylord (UCD) National Science Foundation Biological Oceanography & Antarctic Sciences University of California CA Ocean Protection Council (OPC)
27 qpcr on Biomin genes Gene Expression Pre-torsion Post-torsion Late veliger Pre-metamorphic No change in engrailed expression ap24 expression with development CO 2 -acidified seawater did not influence the regulation of these two genes Zippay & Hofmann (2010) J. Shellfish Res. 29:1-11
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