Carbon Emissions to Biofuels

Transcription

1 April, 2007 Carbon Emissions to Biofuels Clean Energy through Biotechnology Mission: To Profitably Recycle Carbon Emissions to Biofuels, using Industrial Sequestration. Vision: To provide carbon management, combined with the production of clean fuels culminating in an efficient, profitable business venture. This venture approach supports team building that combines the complementary resources and capabilities of multiple companies dedicated to environmental stewardship and energy independence.

2 History of Large-Scale Algae Projects 1950 s MIT Feasibility tests for CO 2 Conversion 1970 s - 80 s UC Berkeley wastewater treatment systems First commercial open pond algal farms in US US DOE initiates $50 million flue gas/algae program 1990 s Japan MITI $200 million bioreactor program (discontinued) German and other EU government programs Commercialization in Australia, Israel, and China; nutraceuticals production exceeds 4,000 tons/year Greenfuel Technology Founded design and experimentation 2004 Gen1 deployed at MIT Cogeneration Facility 2005 Gen2 installed at 1000 MW power plant in Southwest; Instigated first International license with The Victor Smorgon Group Developing coal (NYSERDA) and other applications (e.g. oil, waste water treatment, etc.) ; Building Gen3 Pilot Project

3 Algae Biotechnology Transforms Carbon Management from a Cost Into a Revenue Algal Biotechnology Converts Flue Gases & into Biofuels through Photosynthesis Used Algae have Multiple Potential Uses Cleaned Gases Power Plant / Energy Source GreenFuel System Co-Firing Green Power Flue Gases Esterification Digestion Bio-Diesel Bio-Gas Fermentation Ethanol NOx + CO2 from combustion flue gas emissions Patented Algal Biotechnology Drying Protein Meal

4 Potential Applications The Emissions to Biofuels TM technology is capable of being implemented at any facility that has CO2 emissions. The limiting factor for scale is either the land available or the volume of emission. Water Treatment Plant Anaerobic Digestion and Power Generation Gas Processing Facility Industrial Processing Facility Coal Fired Power Station Gas Fired Power Station

5 Operational and Technology Milestones Prototype (2004) Field Trial ( ) Commercial Scale Projects (2007+) Triangular bioreactors Performance proven at MIT s 20 MW power plant Successful operation in real world conditions Performance independently validated 86% of NOx removed (24 hr average) Up to 82% of CO2 removed (daytime average) Tubular bioreactors Submerged air-lift bioreactors US Southwest project envisions roadmap to a commercial scale facility Biofuel yield validation 4Q06 deployment ¼ acre scale field trial facility Proprietary new design Planned deployment 3 acre pilot facility acre expansion Maximum deployment of 6,000 acres Rapid deployment in the US and international markets

6 Redhawk Power Station Video Courtesy of The History Channel

7 Output Productivity Oil per Hectare Using the Greenfuels Technology, Algae can grow at a rate up to 320 tonnes per hectare. The Algae is then split into its component parts: Lipids (oil), Carbohydrates (sugars), and Protein. There are many different species of Algae, and their percentage of each component varies depending on the Species and growth conditions. In the charts below we have assumed an equal percentage of each component. Litres Biodiesel Produced / Hectare / Yea 120, ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 Greenfuels Algae Biodiesel High Low 1,000 Litres / Hectare Canola 5,000 Litres / Hectare Palm Oil Litres Ethanol Produced / Hectare / Yea 120, ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 Greenfuels Algae Ethanol High Low 3,500 Litres / Hectare Corn

8 CO 2 Mitigation The Emissions to Biofuels TM Technology is based on a Profit rather than Cost Model Carbon-Dioxide Mitigation ($ / ton) Kyoto Cost Tonnes of CO2 Sequestered per Year / Hectare High 10 - Geo- Sequestration Possible Cost in Aust Potential Trading / Penalty GreenFuel Forest Sequestration GreenFuel Sequestration Low COSTS Based on Report Extract: The Prime Minister's Science, Engineering and Innovation Council - Ninth Meeting - 5 December Beyond Kyoto - Innovation and Adaptation PROFITABILITY The Emissions to Biofuels TM Technology will return a Profit which will vary depending on location specific Algal growth rate.

9 Development Process and Yields On-Site Evaluation Phase 1 Pilot Program Full Scale Phase 2 Phase 3 Feasibility Unit conducts 3-6 week on-site test for optimal algae production Field trial requires only slipstream of gas from emission stack Installation of Mini Pilot onto ¼ acre facility Confirmation of all hardware, design, operability with scalability validation Additional results: Biofuels for internal use Build out pilot program with modular expansion Project optimized for maximum biofuel yield and ROI Flue Gas* Processed Land Area NOx** mitigated (% of total) (hectares) (% of input) CO2 mitigated (tonnes / year) Biofuels produced (Litres / year) Small 1.5% 20 85% 13,600 4,159,500 Medium 15% % 136,000 41,595,000 Large 50% % 455, ,650,000 Maximum 100% 1,300 85% 916,000 (42% of total) 277,300,000 *Based on 530MW combined cycle, natural gas system in High **by mass of NOx ducted to Algae system

10 Policy Gaps for Algae Bio-sequestration Greenhouse gas abatement policy on both sides of politics is currently focussed at one end on clean coal technology including post combustion carbon capture and storage (geosequestration) and gasification. At the other end is a rapidly developing credit system for greenhouse gas abatement through, among other things, agriculture or traditional bio-sequestration. What the algae solution represents is a new clean coal alternative which falls into both these categories. In effect it is a post combustion carbon capture and recycling technology. Because it is a candidate in both camps, it is not currently being considered legitimate or eligible in either. Adding further complication is that the algae alternative also crosses into the renewable fuels policy area. There is confusion around this as it is difficult for people to understand that the technology effectively recycles carbon. Many think that the carbon dioxide is ultimately released when the fuel is burned therefore it has only delayed the inevitable. We need to help people understand that this technology in fact offsets one usage of each carbon atom by effectively using each one at least twice and releasing them into the atmosphere only once. Because this technology falls into all these areas, it risks being perceived as neither fish nor fowl. Policy to date has not fully contemplated solutions which effectively fall between the gaps by not fitting neatly into just one of the boxes: PCCC (Post Combustion Carbon Capture), GGA (Greenhouse Gas Abatement) or RECs (Renewable Energy Certificates).

11 Key Points of Bio-Sequestration The Greenfuels technology is in initial stages of commercialisation in a number of locations in the USA, after years of testing at MIT Boston. The Victor Smorgon Group (energetix) has an exclusive license for the Greenfuels Technology in Australia. The Victor Smorgon Group is a current manufacturer of Biodiesel in Victoria. The Greenfuels technology can sequester 42% of CO2 Emitted (82% in Daylight) by Stationary Emitters. Emissions to Biofuels Technology can be fitted or retrofitted to 61% of Australia s Greenhouse Gas Emitters. 700 tonnes of CO2 will be Sequestered per Hectare of installed Technology. In excess of 200,000 litres of Biofuels (Biodiesel and Ethanol) can be produced per Hectare. 100 tonnes of Protein Meal is produced per Hectare. The Greenfuels Technology is based on a Profit not a Cost Model Algae grows in all areas of Australia, and prefers non-potable water. All water in the system is recycled.