Solar Water Heating for Increasing Power Reserves in West Africa. Hannes Bauer, ECREEE Program Responsibility for SOLtrain West Africa

Transcription

1 Solar Water Heating for Increasing Power Reserves in West Africa Hannes Bauer, ECREEE Program Responsibility for SOLtrain West Africa

2 X Solar Water Heating for Increasing Power Reserves in West Africa Hannes Bauer, ECREEE Program Responsibility for SOLtrain West Africa

3 X X Solar Water Heating for Increasing Power Reserves in West Africa Hannes Bauer, ECREEE Program Responsibility for SOLtrain West Africa

4 X X X Solar Water Heating for Increasing Power Reserves in West Africa Hannes Bauer, ECREEE Program Responsibility for SOLtrain West Africa

5 X X Solar Water Heating for Increasing Power Reserves X X in West Africa Hannes Bauer, ECREEE Program Responsibility for SOLtrain West Africa

6 X X X Solar Water Heating for Increasing Power Reserves X X in West Africa Hannes Bauer, ECREEE Program Responsibility for SOLtrain West Africa

7 X X X Solar Water Heating for Increasing Power Reserves X in West Africa X Hannes Bauer, ECREEE Program Responsibility for SOLtrain West Africa

8 Solar thermal Experiences - Northern Nigeria Solar Energy Research Centre Usman Dan Fodio University (Nigeria/Sokoto) In Nigeria about 80% of domestic energy needs are met through burning fuelwood. Solar thermal energy used are community based; such as community based solar water heating, Renewable Energy Integrated Rural model The solar collectors are only produced by the research institutions. At the moment there is no registered company manufacturing and installing solar thermal systems. Solar thermal systems are mainly imported from Us, Germany, China, India, Japan, Pakistan etc. 1,000ltrs Community Solar Water Heater

9 Solar thermal Experiences - Southern Nigeria National Centre for Energy Research & Development, University of Nigeria Nsukka. Solar thermal energy is presently in used for drying of grains, root crops, meat, and poultry droppings. It is also in use for the drying of laundry and timber. There are a few cases of its use for chick brooding and hot water preparation for bathing. Flat Plate, Thermosyphon, single tank SWH system Solar fish dryer The most wide spread method of crop drying is the open to air sun drying technique.

10 Solar thermal Experiences- Ghana Koforidua Polytechnic (Ghana/ Accra ) Solar thermal usage in Ghana: Water heating mostly in hotels, restaurants and homes Drying of crops and raw materials for industries Solar Distillation eg. fluoridecontaminated water: Bongo district of Ghana Cooking and Baking (prototype levels) Concentrated solar water heater Solar cooker Students tutorial session

11 Solar thermal Experiences - Mali Centre National de l Energie Solaire et des Energies Rénouvelables (CNESOLER) Chauffe-eau solaire confsol metallique (200 LITRES) Four solaire ou cuiseur boite en bois ayant une température à l intérieur comprise entre 60 à 120 c Au Mali il existe deux acteurs principaux travaillant dans le solaire thermique : le CNESOLER étant du service public et les opérateurs privés du solaire (ceux-ci se contentent de la commercialisation). le coût élevé des équipements et l absence de structures locales de maintenance limite la clientèle aux hôtels et certaines familles achetant aux comptants Cuiseur parabole ou concentrateur les chauffe eau importé s. métallique ayant une température à l intérieur comprise entre 200 à 250 c

12 Solar thermal Experiences Senegal Université Cheikh Anta DIOP (Senegal/ Dakar ) Solar drying of fish in open air Box Type Solar Cooker In Senegal Solar thermal energy is used for: production of sanitary hot water, drying fruits and fishes, solar cooling, desalination. There are some companies that manufacture solar collectors or solar thermal systems: Prosolia Senegal Prosoleil In general, solar thermal systems and components are imported from France, Spain, China Currently we are doing some works such as: Study and modeling of a positive energy building in the context of tropical climate Eco-building in a tropical environment Coupling a sterling engine with an absorption system for the production of electricity and cooling.

13 Solar thermal Experiences Burkina Faso Laboratory for Solar Energy and Energy Savings (LESEE) 2IE (Burkina Faso) Imports: large part of solar collectors from China, Dubai, etc. Trends: evacuated tubes without local possibility of maintenance Government: Art. 29 of the Finance Act n /AN: duties free imports and VAT exemption for solar equipment Fruits drying (mango, banana, ananas), crops/roots drying Cooling (2iE) Vaccine/Food conservation (implemented in 2 research institutes + 1 hospital)

14 Solar thermal Experiences Niger Centre National d Energie Solaire (CNES) / Niger Production et Commercialisation de distillateurs Solaires par le CNES. Production et commercialisation de plus de litres par an, actuellement. Solar Thermal: food treatment (cookers) Solar Thermal Water heater 12 m3 of distilled water annually produced

15 Example of Water heating in Cape Verde SOLAR HEATERS IMPORTS YEAR x ECV EURO Nr. Units According to 10 year importation statistics done by UniCV Mindelo Engineering Department (Cape Verde) ELECTRIC HEATERS IMPORTS Total units 600 2% of water heaters solar thermal YEAR x ECV EURO Nr. Units Total units 26, % of water heaters are eletrical

16 Use solar thermal energy instead of electricity for water heating More national and local budget sovereignty in West Africa Low hanging fruit regarding amortisation period in comparison to electrical water heating More electricity released and saved Avoid downgrading and wasting electricity for water heating Higher reserves and grid stability, less blackouts Job creation and value creation in country Solar thermal strengthens scope of actions for communities

17 ECREEE = Implementing Organization Contracts with all partners and financial issues AEE INTEC: Technical Assistance and Trainer Program SOLtrain West Africa Target Groups are Training Institutions and Stakeholders in: Burkina Faso Cabo Verde Ghana Nigeria Senegal Train the Trainer course (Basics) Market Studies as Baseline in 5 Countries Train the trainers course (specialized) Awareness activities Train the Trainer courses (advanced, practical) Training Courses carried out by partner institutions Workshop for Policy and Administration Workshop with banks and financial institutions Solar Academy: Know-how transfer courses on results and experiences of selected IEA SHC Tasks Practical and theoretical training: Design of solar thermal systems, system simulation, dimensioning Installation of Demonstration Systems for different relevant applications

18 Market Studies on Solar Heating and Drying in West Africa Market studies on solar water heating and solar drying Finished in 5 countries Published on ECREEE Observatory for Renewable Energy Burkina Faso Ghana Nigeria Cabo Verde Senegal

19 Next step in 5 West African countries: Monitoring of existing systems and practical trainings Pictures from solar thermal systems of SOLtrain Program in Southern Africa System 1 at a commercial laundry, Cape Town System 2 at a residential house, Stellenbosch System 3 at the Lilium Student Residence, University of Pretoria System 4 at ABI Miller, North Riding System 6 Katutura State Hospital, Windhoek

20 Monitoring Exercises of existing solar water heating systems in Southern Africa

21 Demonstration Systems Baphumelele Childrens Home, South Africa Pumped system at Meerhof School, South Africa Pictures from solar thermal systems of SOLtrain Program in Southern Africa

22 Demonstration Systems Nuwerus Home for the aged Worcester, South Africa Kestell Orphanage, South Africa Pictures from solar thermal systems of SOLtrain Program in Southern Africa

23 Demonstration Systems Direct thermosyphon system at Makumbi visitation high school Zimbabwe Pumped system - home of retired sisters, Zimbabwe Pictures from solar thermal systems of SOLtrain Program in Southern Africa

24 Training Trailer for REEEI in Namibia Pictures from solar thermal systems of SOLtrain Program in Southern Africa

25 Test Facility at Stellenbosch University Pictures from solar thermal systems of SOLtrain Program in Southern Africa

26 Results of the 2016 Edition

27 Global Capacity in Operation 2015 B

28 Global Capacity in Operation 2015 B

29 Top 10: Total capacity of glazed flat plate and evacuated tube collectors in operation in kwth per 1,000 inhabitants by the end of 2014

30 Distribution by type of system for the total installed glazed water collector capacity in operation by the end of 2014

31 Distribution by application for the total installed water collector capacity by economic region in operation by the end of 2014

32 Solar Cooling Systems in Operation 300 outside Europe, almost no in West Africa Sources: Climasol, EURAC, Fraunhofer ISE, ROCOCO, Solem Consulting, Green Chiller, Tecsol

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35 Specific Investment costs and LCOH for small thermosiphon domestic hot water systems

36 Specific Investment costs and LCOH for small pumped domestic hot water systems

37 Outline of political changes in West African environment Political 15 National Action Plans for Renewable Energy in 15 West African Countries adopted in 2015»Implementation of Regional Directives for RE and EE at ECOWAS Level»Targets and measures for Solar thermal water heating until 2030 defined Cabo Verde intends to enforce law for mandatory solar heating for new buildings and is developing incentives for other buildings such as hotels

38 Outline of Market changes in West African environment Market: High upfront cost of solar thermal system is a barrier. Solution for tiny domestic system:» about 1500 EUR for a system for 150 l and 1.8 m2 collector» reducing size and cost to 80/90 l and 1.1 m2 of about 800 EUR for 4 head households in Cabo Verde Solar heating market small or tiny in West African countries currently almost no local manufacturing and limited R&D with little or no linkages to entrepreneurial/ manufacturing sector. Quality label for solar thermal products as solar keymark not considered for tendering and purchase Often warm water pipes are missing or insulation of pipes not considered in buildings with hot water need e.g. hospital in Cabo Verde Missing demonstration projects

39 Outline of qualification in West African environment Qualification, Skills and RTD Low and very basic skills for small systems Almost missing practical skills for pumped systems and hydraulics Qualification of existing professions as installers, planners, welders, technicians, etc Experienced designers & technicians missing Some training institutions offer basic courses for installers National competence centres for solar water heating missing Research barriers: Inadequate funds for Research Projects. Research is not encouraged. Lack of exploitation of the results of research results

40 Outline of solar thermal areas for capacity building Required Areas for actual Capacity Building Small solar thermal gravitation systems until 10m2 collector area Small and medium pumped solar water systems until 200m2 collector area Solar thermal drying of agricultural products, as herbs, coffee, tea, cereal, meat, fish Follow up Areas at a later stage, advanced level Advanced topics such as solar cooling and solar process heat would first need several practical trainings and demo projects of solar water heating systems

41 Thank you Merci Obrigado Mr. Hannes Bauer ECREEE