5.5 kwh/m 2 day. Solar Thermal Systems. Solar Water Heater Story in Jordan. Flat plate collectors

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1 Energy Consumption ( Tones ) Transport 1,822,000 (37%) Industry 1,846,000 (24%) Household 1,064,000 (22% ) Energy Situation in Jordan Energy Resources: Most of Jordan s Energy Requirements are Imported Natural Gas is utilized for Power Generation Wind Energy (for power generation & water pumping) Solar Energy (electricity for remote areas & hot water) Oil Shale is available in huge quantities Others 821,000 (17 %) 1 JD =1000 Fils 1 JD =1.41 USD Feb 2007 May 2007 sep 2008 Mar 2008 Jun 2008 Aug 2008 Oct 2008 Dec 2009 Feb Fils/liter Diesel - Fils/Liter Heavy Fuel Oil-JD/ton Kerosene-Fils/Liter LPG Fuel Prices LPG JD / 12.5 kg

2 Solar Thermal Systems Flat plate collectors 5.5 kwh/m 2 day Solar Water Heater Story in Jordan 1970 RSS designed and produced pilot systems Two local workshops produce 50 units a year % of all dwellings in Jordan use solar water heaters more than 20% of all houses in Jordan use solar water heaters (about 158,700 units) workshop and factories producing 4,000 units annually (17,000 m2 of solar collectors) for local market and export to neighboring countries.

3 Available Collector in Jordan Solar Thermal Systems Efficiency V-German V-Chinese F-Aus&Ger F-French F-Russian V-Chinese Vacuum tubes technology were introduced recently in Jordan (2006) Vacuum tubes collectors are not technically evaluated yet F- RSS More than 20 suppliers dt/g Total Area Installed of Solar Collectors American Jordanian Company for Apparel Private households Hotel Industrial Flat Plate Collector (m2) 660,000 82,000 82,000 Vacuum Tubular (m2) 10, ,500 The total solar thermal capacity of 196 MWth is installed

4 Feasibility of Solar Thermal System Yearly Market Share Conventional Heater Electrical Heater (Efficiency =90% payback period Life Cycle Saving 5,892 JD Produced Solar Thermal Collector Flat Plate Type (m2/a) 6,262 Vacuum Tubular Type (m2/a) Diesel Oil (Efficiency =59%, JD Import and Sell Solar Thermal Collector 1,404 3,500 LPG (Efficiency =70%) 2,047 JD Solar Thermal Applications Water heating for domestic, commercial and industrial applications. Solar space heating and cooling. Heating of outdoor and indoor swimming pools. Electric power generation by using CSP. Desalination of sea water and brackish water. Solar cookers. Drying crops.

5 Major Barriers Potential Fields of Application Policy barriers Absence of regulations, rules and energy provisions to control the quality and the effectiveness of the locally manufactured, imported or used equipment. Low temperature level T<60 C: Medium temperature level 60<T<250 High temperature level 250<T Swimming Pool Heating Domestic Hot water Under floor heating Space heating Air Conditioning Air Conditioning Desalination Electricity Generation Consumption Forecast of the Primary Energy When Applying the RE & EE Potential Fields of Application Hot water preparation -Residential Sector Space Heating Residential Sector Large Scale 1.1 GWth 16 GWth MWth

6 The height of the bottom of the storage tank is beneath the collectors water outlet. Saving in Primary Energy A SWH system installed near a chimney that contaminates the system with soot and other combustion gases. Major Barriers Technical barriers Absence of professional calculation tools or technical handbooks for design and sizing of large solar systems. Absence of compulsory testing regulations that forces the manufacturers and importers to test their collectors, although a national testing facility to test solar collectors exist at the RSS. High cost of high specification materials/component such as double-glazing, selective coating material, sheet metal, pipes. This results in hindering the development of designs and quality. Hard Water, water freezing in the pipes of collectors in cold regions.

7 Solar collectors placed directly on the roof surface A SWH system installed in front of a high climbing plants. Large scale corrosion in the bottom of an absorber plate where the collectors are installed directly on the roof surface Obstacles Shading 1 m

8 A SWH installed without consideration to safety measure and easy maintenance West Orienting SWH collectors in arbitrary directions

9 Next Steps Major Barriers 1. Proper Financing Schemes 2. Risk Mitigation: can be achieved through a regional marking program similar to the European Solar Keymark. 3. Implementation of regulations, rules and energy provisions to control the quality and the effectiveness of the locally manufactured, imported collectors. Market barriers Lack of incentives & financing options. The majority of manufacturers are located in Amman which makes it difficult and more expensive for people living in other cities to install solar collectors and have periodic maintenance Social barriers Recently, most of the buildings are multi-floor within small floor area. The floor area is usually used for many purposes such as, water tanks, dishes.. etc, therefore, there is no enough space for installing solar water heating systems for all residence. Thank You Samar J. Jaber Rational Use of Energy & Solar Thermal Division National Energy Research Center P.O.Box 1945, Amman11941, Jordan Phone: ext 2704 Mobile: Fax: RESULTS The penetration of solar thermal technology to the market can be achieved by the following: Modifying the existing solar system through transfer of EU technological know-how. Enhancing of awareness of using the solar systems. Incentives for using the solar systems, such as decreasing the taxes and customs on imported solar system and on the materials that are used in local manufacturing of the solar systems. Implementation of norms, standards and certification schemes