11/28/2017. Nov 15, 2017 Darcy Dugan, Alaska Ocean Observing System Jeff Hetrick, Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery

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1 11/28/2017 Nov 15, 2017 Darcy Dugan, Alaska Ocean Observing System Jeff Hetrick, Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery

2 What is Ocean Acidification? 1/3 of all CO2 released is absorbed by the ocean. This changes the water chemistry, making it more acidic

3 Alaska waters are more susceptible Pre-industrial 2100

4 Why is this a problem? Corrosive water disrupts shell building Can dissolve shells Likely winners and losers

5 $5.8 Billion Sefood Industry

6 Is it happening now, and where? What species might be affected? Will this impact subsistence? How might this affect my long term business plan? When do we need to worry?

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8 Alaska Ocean Acidification Network Engage with communities to expand understanding Identify information needs and monitoring priorities Share best practices Promote data sharing

9 OA nuts & bolts Expertise database Monitoring activities around the state Biological implications by species Observed and forecasted trends Links to data bases Academic articles Upcoming OA presentations in Alaska Monthly interview with a scientists Videos & webinars

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11 Time series observations

12 Unmanned Vehicles

13 Ship-based surveys State ferry now collecting data! 10 year time series here

14 Community-based water sampling 8 communities 15 communities

15 Jeff Hetrick Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery (a division of Chugach Regional Resources Commission) This project offers the opportunity to document ocean acidification conditions and trends near-shore compared to date from traditional oceanographic work occurring offshore, as well as provide information that is specific and relevant to local environment of Alaskan Native communities.

16 Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery Seward, AK

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18 The Original Super CO2

19 Continuous Monitoring Continuous flow dosing system = incoming seawater modified to hit target ph or Ω

20 Early data: October 2013 to August 2014 Two distinct stressful Ω water masses Autumn freshets Cold winter water

21 Advanced OA monitoring capacity at APSH 2015 BIA grant: Monitoring for ocean acidification near coastal villages and communities in southcentral Alaska: Building Capacity and Assessing Vulnerability (a) Establishes near-shore seawater sampling program - Community involvement - Integrates nearshore and offshore - Fills potentially important data gap (b) Novel large volume dosing system

22 Measuring discrete samples in seawater

23 Coastal Community Data Collection Building capacity to expand monitoring Long term OA data limited in the nearshore Data is needed in proximity to coastal communities to determine OA trends compared to open ocean observations. APSH has optimized a land-based monitoring platforms and developed research lab

24 Community Involvement Communities collecting weekly samples Established protocols and kits keep data robust Samples sent to APSH The kits contain: Protocols, bottles, caps & cappers, paint pens, thermometers, sample logs, and fixative.

25 Aragonite Saturation Levels v Sample Temperature Preliminary Community Data Results Seldovia Village Tribe samples taken weekly from Dec 2015-Nov 2016 n=44 samples Seldovia Village Tribe Sample_T Omega_Arag Data Accuracy: Inter-lab comparisons: The lab at APSH is actively involved in establishing inter-lab comparisons with the PMEL Carbon Program laboratory. Triplicate Sampling: Samples are often taken in triplicate to ascertain the error of sample acquisition.

26 Dosing Lab: Juvenile Butter Clams Ambient ph: 7.95, Ω > 1 Treatment ph: 7.65, Ω < 1 2 weeks duration

27 Measuring impacts of OA: SEM - Shell dissolution Ambient- ph 7.95 Acidified ph 7.65

28 Animals grown at APSH: (1) Pacific oyster (2) Geoduck clams (3) Basket cockle (4) Pacific Razor clam (5) Littleneck clam (6) Purple hinge rock scallop (7) Blue King crab (8) Red King crab (9) California sea cucumber (10) Pinto Abalone

29 Next Steps Expand sampling to new communities Compare sample results from across the state to identify patterns over space and time Provide info shellfish farmers, local residents, regulators, and policy makers Determine what kind of adaptation may be needed in the future Existing and potential sampling locations

30 What you can do Educate yourself Join the Alaska OA Network list serve Host a speaker in your community Join the Tribal Engagement Working Group Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery Sitka Tribe of Alaska Hoonah Indian Association Sun aq Tribe of Kodiak Native Village of Kotzebue

31 Alaska Ocean Acidification Network Collaborators