Life cycle assessment of reverse osmosis must enrichment plant

Transcription

1 Life cycle assessment of reverse osmosis must enrichment plant Bruno Notarnicola, Giuseppe Tassielli II Faculty of Economics University of Bari, Italy

2 Explorative project PE_122 Life Cycle Assessment of plants for must enrichment by reverse osmosis Apulia Region University of Bari Department of Commodity Science Itest srl, Corato (Ba)

3 Must enrichment It is an operation that enriches the sugar content of must and consequently its alcoholic grade in the wine produced Concentration systems Thermal Reverse osmosis

4 Reverse osmosis pilot plant for the must enrichment

5 Goal The general goal of the research is to acquire the necessary knowledge in order to establish the environmental characteristics required in reverse osmosis plants for must enrichment, in order to optimize their production.

6 Goal and scope definition The system being analyzed: must enrichment by means of a reverse osmosis equipment, directly in the wine cellar System function: System function is to concentrate must Functional unit: treatment of 0 L of must in order to obtain sugar enriched musts which lead to a more alcoholic wine from 10 to 11% vol.

7 Goal and scope definition System boundaries: extraction of raw materials and pre-production, equipment production, transportation, distribution, use, recycling of equipment s components at the end-of-life and final disposal. Time coverage for the system: ten years Time coverage for must concentration (concerns the main existing technologies): two years.

8 Goal and scope definition System foreground : Apulia region Background: Italy Reverse osmosis membranes come from the United States. Data quality: data concern the energy consumption and the emissions to air water and soil. Data origins: - Private communications from firms scientific literature, LCA database

9 The system Production of components and transportation Production of the reverse osmosis plant Must 0 L Plant transportation to cellar Concentration by reverse osmosis Washing Disassembly and final disposal Enriched must 909 L Permeate 91 L

10 1) Useful life: 20 years 2) Working capacity: 2000 hours per year 3) End-of-life disposal of the equipment - 90% of materials in weight are recovered - 10% is discharged in landfill 4) Membrane duration: 0 hours 5) Manufacturing cycle: - 20 hours concentration - 4 hours washing Assumptions

11 System Inventory Consumption of electric energy, materials and auxiliary products of the production phase Inputs Primary components Units Quantities kg Cutting fluid g 300 Welding rods (Aisi 304 steel) g 500 Abrasive discs (phenol resin/aluminium oxide: 85%/15% ) g 2000 Argon gas for welding m 3 18 Band saw blade (steel) g 300 Drill bits HSS (steel) g Electric energy kwh 58 Outputs Concentration Plant Scrap left over Aisi 304 Steel Unused leftovers kg kg 5.0 kg 3.2

12 Plant characterization Quantity of materials that make up the system Materials Weight (g) Materials Steel Aisi Polyester Steel Aisi ABS Steel C Polyurethane Iron 2075 Brass Cast Iron 1955 Copper Rubber NBR 761 Aluminium alloy Siliconic rubber 641 Aluminium EPDM for foods 50 Lubrication oil Nylon 591 Ceramic Polyamide 2160 Glycerine PVC 1965 Plexiglas-PMMA PMMA 293 Total Weight (g) 720 Polyester 720 ABS Polyurethane 1844 Brass 222 Copper Aluminium alloy 710 Aluminium Lubrication oil 300 Ceramic 441 Glycerine Glass 20 Total

13 USE PHASE Productivity of the plant: 75L/h Factors that influence the performance of a system in terms of permeate per hour are: temperature of the surroundings, temperature of the must, the initial and final alcohol grade, the kind of winemaking (red or white), the amount of suspended solid in the must and kind of water used to wash the system. All these factors can lead to a variation from L/h to L/h.

14 System s direct, indirect and total energy consumption Stage Equipment production, including energy incorporated in materials Equipment transportation to the wine cellar Type of energy source Unit Direct energy consumption In direct energy consumption Total energy consumption various MJ 0,26 0,34 0,6 diesel fuel MJ 0,0025 0,0004 0,0029 Concentration operation e.e. MJ 32,65 55,60 88,25 Membrane washing - washing e.e. MJ 0,83 1,41 2,24 - energy incorporated in washing products various MJ 1,98 2,62 4,60 Components recycling in the end-of-life stage Landfill discharge of residuals in the end-of-life stage various MJ -0,23-0,25-0,48 various MJ 0, , ,0001 Total MJ 35,49 59,72 95,21 Incidence on total % 37,3 62,7 Equipment lease case Equipment transportation to the wine cellar and back diesel fuel MJ 1,44 0,22 1,66 Total MJ 36,93 59,94 96,87

15 Impact Assessment % energy global warming (GWP) ozone layer depletion (ODP) human toxicity fresh water aquatic ecotox. marine aquatic ecotoxicity terrestrial ecotoxicity photochemical oxidation acidification eutrophication 1 lca macch assemblaggio macchina o modulo membrana lube oil lavaggio smaltimento moduli memb smaltimento olio lubrifican disassemblaggio Electricity mix I + imports Analizzando 1 s materiale '1 lca macch '; Metodo: CML 2 baseline 2000+raw nuovo2 netto / West Europe, 1995 / Caratterizzazione

16 Sensitivity analysis From data quality analysis and data quality coherency the following ranges emerged: Equipment lifetime: h Membrane lifetime: h Operating time before membrane washing: h Variability of results amounts to 12%.

17 Seeking solutions for improvements Examination of the parameters for the equipment control Factors considered in the design phase: pressure and productivity. The study also lead to the identification of another control parameter such as the velocity of the must flow entering. the equipment. The equipment has been modified in order to allow variations in all the control parameters

18 Equipment improvement test The specific goal of this test is to seek a machinery setup that allow to obtain the best trade off between productivity and energy consumption. It can be certainly said the operation with a reduced must flow entering the plant (27,5 L/min. instead of 55 L/min.), during test, has consumed less electric energy, without reducing the quantity of permeate produced, in fact it increased. Furthermore, the chemical analysis carried out on enriched musts and permeates have highlighted a higher efficiency in concentration operation

19 Advantages obtained The reduction of 50% the incoming flows during the concentration has several advantages - Reduced energy consumption per working hour: from 7,6 kwh/hour to 6,2 kwh/hour; - Increased productivity of 6 % in terms of produced permeate; - The must obtained in this way is more concentrated: sugar content increased from 217,7 g/l to 228,5 g/l; - Wastewater are less polluted: COD decreased from mg/l to mg/l.

20 Comparison among systems, before and after the enhancement interventions % energy global warming (GWP) ozone layer depletion (ODP) human toxicity fresh water aquatic ecotox. marine aquatic ecotoxicity terrestrial ecotoxicity photochemical oxidation acidification eutrophication mosto trattato mosto trattato miglior. Confronto di 1 kg materiale 'mosto trattato' con 1 kg materiale 'mosto trattato miglior.'; Metodo: CML 2 baseline 2000+raw nuovo2 netto / West Europe, 1995 / Caratterizzazione

21 Economical assessment of achieved results The innovations adopted allow to save electric energy as well as labor used during must concentration phase, and also to save electric energy, consumed products and labor during washing operations New set up of the plant with 4.5 kw power engine, rather than 7.5 kw one.

22 Economical assessment of achieved results with the new set up PER SINGLE PLANT DURING ITS LIFE CYCLE Concentration Saving due to avoided electric energy consumption: 14,400 Savings due to avoided labor: 13,032 Total 27,432 Washing Saving due to avoided electric energy consumption: 160 Saving due to avoided labour: 15,980 Saving due to avoided product consumption: 2,220 Total: 18,360 Total Total for concentration: 27,432 Total for washing: 18,360 General Total: 45,822

23 Conclusion The case study taken into account shows the use of LCA as a tool to manage innovation and to obtain energetic, economical and environmental improvements.

24 Bari, September 22-24th 2010 More than 200 abstract: (90 oral presentations and 120 poster) Under the auspices of: FAO, European Parlament, Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Ministero dellambiente e della Tutela del Mare e del Terriotorio, Ministero delle Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali, Ministero degli Affari Esteri, Regione Puglia, Provincia di Bari, Provincia di Taranto, Comune di Bari, Comune di Taranto, Comune di Corato, ARPA Puglia, AISME Sponsor: Barilla, Bio-Agricert, Buonfrate & Leogrande studio legale, Casillo, Cantine San Marzano, ENEA, Eco-Logica, Granoro, ITEST, Progeva, Selerant, Torrevento, Take Care International, Unilever.

25 22 September, 2010 Registration of participants OPENING SESSION TENTATIVE SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME Welcome speech PLENARY SESSION 1 Keynotes session Roland Clift - Sustainability of supply chains: meeting consumer expectations Thomas Ohlsson Sustainability, food and the futures Michele Galatola - Sustainability Assessment of Products and Technologies: the role of LCA and Future Research needs Mary Ann Curran Miguel Brandão - Food or fuel: how to best use land? PARALLEL SESSIONS 1 1a -- Sustainable food systems & 1b - Sustainable food systems & 1c - LCA in Emerging Countries lifestyles (I): Managing sustainable lifestyles (II): Diets and Households food Systems behaviour 23 September, 2010 PERMANENT POSTER SESSION PLENARY SESSION 2 Issues in LCA and Carbon/Water footprinting PARALLEL SESSION 2 2a- Issues in Life Cycle Inventories and datasets 2b LCA and Footprinting 2c - Environmental, Economic and Societal assessments in LCA PLENARY SESSION 3 Integrating Evironmental, Economic and Societal assessments in LCA PARALLEL SESSION 3 3a- Case studies on LCA and the Agri- Food Industry (I) - natural food ingredients 3b - Case studies on LCA and the Agri-Food Industry (II) - Production and treatment processes 3c - Specific impact categories of the primary sector (I)- water use, land use and biodiversity PERMANENT POSTER SESSION 24 September, 2010 PLENARY SESSION 4 Methodology and Applications of Food LCA: closing the gap PARALLEL SESSIONS 4 4a- Food-Related sectors: packaging, biofuels and bioplastics 4b - Case studies on LCA and the Agri-Food Industry (III) - Innovative processes and procedures 4c - Specific impact categories of the primary sector (II) crosstopical issues CLOSURE SESSION Low Carbon Economy Grosseto, 4 e 5 giugno 2010 PERMANENT POSTER SESSION Wrap-up plenary session