Natural refrigerants Growing strong, acting smart, moving forward. Schaffhausen, June 22nd, 2012

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2 Natural refrigerants Growing strong, acting smart, moving forward

3 Natural refrigerants Growing strong, acting smart, moving forward Refrigerants through the ages By Albrecht Höpfer, Director of Sales Germany & Switzerland, BITZER Kühlmaschinenbau GmbH The application of natural refrigerants in supermarket systems By C. Cornelius Moeller, Technology Development TEKO Gesellschaft für Kältetechnik mbh

4 Retail business through the ages Big retail enterprises with numerous outlets started in the USA already since 1859, at first in New York City. Safeway e.g. was copying the original business idea of Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (A&P) and started 1915 in this sector. Supermarkets in the today s understanding were created since 1930 by the King- Kullen-Chain (remembering the film hit King Kong ). The first supermarket in Germany was opened 1938 in Osnabrück. The first swiss supermarket was opened 1948 in Zürich by the Migros- Genossenschaft and was very popular in short time. Schaffhausen, 22 June 2012

5 Retail business through the ages Over the years the share of chilled food in the supermarkets went up continuously. This job is called Medium Temperature Cooling (MT). From the 1970 s on, the share of frozen food was increasing likewise. This job is called Low Temperature Cooling (LT). Schaffhausen, 7 October 2011

6 Retail business through the ages Todays supermarket concepts demand an environment-friendly concept. This needs a modern architecture with energy efficient technology including: - Modern HVAC, refrigeration, lighting, etc.: reducing the energy consumption by more than 50%. - Amongst all, refrigeration systems are the largest energy consumers! - Modern refrigeration racks with intelligent controls additionally to the use of waste heat for heating purpose are able to do that. Schaffhausen, 22 June 2012

7 Refrigerants and compressorunits through the ages In very old times around 1900: MT only, with Ammonia, SO2 or CO2 In first European supermarkets around 1950: MT only, with first synthetic refrigerant R12, single condensing units are used Schaffhausen, 22 June 2012

8 Refrigerants and compressorunits through the ages Supermarkets around : - MT with R12, LT with R502 - single condensing units are used In the following years 1970 until today: - R22 replaced R12 in MT, makes refrigeration equipement cheaper - more and more racks replaced condensing units in the market - R22 replaced R502 in LT, demand for reduction of ozone depletion potential ODP - R404A, R507A replaced R22 in MT and LT, a demand of total eliminating the ozone depletion potential ODP Today we have racks in most of the supermarket applications (depending on the region). - R134a is more and more replacing R404A in MT and CO 2 is replacing R404A in LT, a demand of reducing the greenhouse warming potential GWP Schaffhausen, 22 June 2012

9 Refrigerants and compressorunits through the ages Schaffhausen, 7 October 2011

10 Refrigerants through the ages Comeback of natural refrigerants: Pushed forward ahead by environmental requirements and restrictions, natural refrigerants undergo their great revival! CO 2, R290, R717 and R723 find their use in commercial and industrial applications: R290/CO 2 Cascade-Systems in different applications R717/CO 2 Cascade-Systems in industrial applications CO 2 /CO 2 Booster-Systems in supermarket applications Source: Booster-System BITZER CO 2 Training Center Schaffhausen, 22 June 2012

11 Comparison of supermarket an example Location: Germany Sales area: 1500 m² Ambient temperatures: = 34 C; < 0 C Medium temperature (MT): 80 tr = 4 6 C Low temperature (LT): 20 tr = -20 C Combinations: MT LT Remarks a) R134a R744 LT cascade system b)r744 R744 R744 MT/LT booster c) R290 R744 MT brine; LT cascade d) R717 R744 MT brine; LT cascade Not considered are any forms of thermal losses!

12 Comparison pressure differences MT (summer) LT (all-season) 25,4 16,2 65,5 14,5 11,6 9,2 0 R134a R717 R744 R290 R744 (Cascade) R744 (Booster) Pressure in bar(a)

13 Comparison C.O.P. LT MT 6,7 = -30 C = 0 C = -30 C = 0 C = -5 C = +47 C 2,9 = -5 C = +25 C 2,7 6,7 2,9 6,7 2,2 9,7 R134a/R744 Cascade

14 Comparison C.O.P. LT MT 6,7 = -30 C = -5 C 2,9 = -30 C = -5 C = -10 C = +44 C 2,7 6,7 = -10 C = +16 C 2,9 6,7 2,2 9,7 R134a/R744 Cascade R290/R744 Cascade

15 Comparison C.O.P. LT MT 6,7 = -30 C = -5 C 2,9 2,7 6,7 = -30 C = -5 C = -10 C = +44 C 2,9 = -10 C = +14 C 6,7 2,2 9,7 R134a/R744 Cascade R290/R744 Cascade R717/R744 Cascade

16 Comparison C.O.P. LT MT = -30 C 6,7 = -5 C 2,9 2,7 6,7 2,9 = -30 C = -5 C = -5 C t gc = +36 C 6,7 2,2 = -5 C 9,7 = +7 C R134a/R744 Cascade R290/R744 Cascade R717/R744 Cascade R744 Booster

17 Comparison TEWI (summer time) TEWI = (GWP x L x n) + (GWP x m x [ 1 α recovery ]) + (n x E annual x β) leakage recovery losses energy demand direct greenhouse effect indirect total greenhouse effect direct indirect R134a / R744 R290 / R744 (pumps included) R717 / R744 (pumps included) R744 Booster

18 Comparison TEWI (summer time) TEWI = (GWP x L x n) + (GWP x m x [ 1 α recovery ]) + (n x E annual x β) leakage recovery losses energy demand direct greenhouse effect indirect total greenhouse effect direct β = 0 (green electricity) R134a / R744 R290 / R744 (pumps included) R717 / R744 (pumps included) R744 Booster

19 Comparison refrigerants R134a: + Installer / Service know-how + availability of components - GWP = winter time (pressure difference) - expensive (refrigerant)

20 Comparison refrigerants R290: + GWP = 3 + low refrigerant filling quantity - high flammable - expensive (higher safety requirements) - Installer / Service know-how

21 Comparison refrigerants R717: + high specific cooling capacity + GWP = 0 - poisonous / flammable - expensive (higher safety requirements) - Installer / Service know-how

22 Comparison refrigerants R744: + GWP = 1 + not flammable / not poisonous - worse efficiency at higher ambient temperatures - expensive (pressure difference) - Installer / Service know-how

23 Natural refrigerants Growing strong, acting smart, moving forward Refrigerants through the ages By Albrecht Höpfer, Director of Sales Germany & Switzerland, BITZER Kühlmaschinenbau GmbH The application of natural refrigerants in supermarket systems By C. Cornelius Moeller, Technology Development TEKO Gesellschaft für Kältetechnik mbh Thank you