Rajan Rajendran, Ph.D. Vice President Engineering Services And Sustainability

Transcription

1 Promising Lower GWP Refrigerants In Air-Conditioning And Refrigeration Systems Rajan Rajendran, Ph.D. Vice President Engineering Services And Sustainability

2 Agenda Landscape Of Promising Lower GWP Refrigerant Candidates Air Conditioning System Performance In Cooling And Heating Refrigeration System Performance And Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) Analysis Summary 2

3 Lower GWP Refrigerant Landscape Promising Developments In Refrigerants For New Systems Pressure Or Capacity New LGWP Refs For OEM Use A1 Non Flammable A2L Mildly Flammable A3 Flammable B2L Toxic, Mildly Flam. New Replacement Refs Today s Refs CO 2 R-410A Like DP: DR R32 HWL: L41 ARK: ARM 70 R410A R404A & R407/22 Like NH 3 R DP: DR7 HWL: L40, L20 ARK: ARM 30 < 1500 DP: DR33 HWL: N20, N40 ARK: ARM 32 R407F R407C R22 R407A R404A/507 (3922) R134a Like R123-Like (V.Low Pr.) HFO 1234yf HFO 1234ze DP: DR2; HWL: N12 ~600 DP: XP10 HWL: N13 R134a GWP Level Qualitative Chart Not To Scale 3

4 Performance Comparison AC Cooling Sample Of Performance Data Reported In Public (AHRI s AREP Tests) + Emerson Tests R32, DR5 And L41 Units Test Within Zone Of Optimization (+/- 3% Of R410A Or Better) 5% 4% 3% % SEER Zone Of Optimization 2% 1% % Capacity % Capacity 0% -15% -10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15% -1% -2% -3% -4% -5% SEER 4

5 Performance Comparison AC HP Sample Of Performance Data Reported In 8% Public (AHRI s AREP Tests) + Emerson Tests LTCOP R32, DR5 And L41 Units Test Within Zone Of Optimization (+/- 3% Of R410A Or Better) 6% Zone Of Optimization 4% 2% LT Capacity 0% -10% -8% -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% -2% -4% 5

6 AC Performance Summary Lower GWP Alternatives To R410A: R32, L41, DR5 R32, L41 And DR5 Within 3% Of R410A Performance In Drop-In Tests; Optimization Opportunity To Match or Better R410A Performance Heat Exchanger, Expansion Device, Compressor Component And System Manufacturers Collaboration For Optimization Is Next Step All Three Candidates Show Promise For Cooling Performance At High Ambient Conditions As Well For Low Leak AC Systems, Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) Is All About Indirect Contribution From Energy Consumption Challenges For Adoption Of These Lower GWP Fluids R32: Higher Discharge Temperatures And Oil, Operating Envelope Limitations In Water Heat Mode HFO Blends: Temperature Glide A2L Standards For R32, L41, DR5 Through 2015, In Sync With A2L Standards Development, Component And System Manufacturers Should Focus Efforts On Optimization, Along With Phased Regional Launches 6

7 Lower GWP Refrigerant Landscape Promising Developments In Refrigerants For New Systems Pressure Or Capacity New LGWP Refs For OEM Use A1 Non Flammable A2L Mildly Flammable A3 Flammable B2L Toxic, Mildly Flam. New Replacement Refs Today s Refs CO 2 R-410A Like DP: DR R32 HWL: L41 ARK: ARM 70 R410A R404A & R407/22 Like NH 3 R DP: DR7 HWL: L40, L20 ARK: ARM 30 < 1500 DP: DR33 HWL: N20, N40 ARK: ARM 32 R407F R407C R22 R407A R404A/507 (3922) R134a Like R123-Like (V.Low Pr.) HFO 1234yf HFO 1234ze DP: DR2; HWL: N12 ~600 DP: XP10 HWL: N13 R134a GWP Level Qualitative Chart Not To Scale 7

8 Low GWP Candidates Vs R404A System Drop-In Tests: Reach-In Unit Ve ersus R404A Capacit ty DR7 Efficienc cy System Testing Mid Point Performance Emerson Tests L HP (Reciprocating Comp.), Freezer Application, Tested Per ASHRAE 72, Steady State With No Cycling Or Door Openings; Adjustment To Charge And TXV Setting Only Room Ambient: 23.9⁰C (75⁰F) And Reach-In Air Temperature: -17.8⁰C (0⁰F) With Product Simulators Loaded In The System, Both Blends Perform Better Than R404A For Efficiency; DR-7 Showed Higher Capacity Compared To L-40 Note That Compressor And System Were Not Redesigned Or Optimized For These New Blends With Glide Performance With N40/DR33 Will Be Similar To L40/DR7 Lower GWP A2L Fluids Provide Good Performance Compared To R404A In A Reach-In Self Contained Application; Walk-In (Box) Results Are Similar

9 Consumption [% of R404A] 24h Energy Emerson s Supermarket Lab Test Results 105% 100% 95% 90% 85% Low Temp (-22 F/-30 C) R404A N Condensing Temperature [F] 9 24h Energy Co onsumption [% of R404A] 105% 100% 95% Medium Temp (12 F /-11 C) R404A N40 Low Temp: N-40 Shows About 3% Lower Energy Consumption Than R404A Medium Temp: N-40 Shows 3% To 8% Lower Energy Consumption Than R404A 90% 85% Condensing Temperature [F] At GWP Of 1380, N40 Is A Good Non Flammable, Near Drop-In Candidate For R404A Replacement And Retrofit

10 LCCP Analysis Supermarket Application Example For Cool Climate CO2Booster (Transcritical All CO2) 10⁰C Min Cond; EXV Boston, MA Annual Energy LCCP -13.9% /-61.9% LT = Low Temperature MT = Medium Temperature DX = Direct Expansion LCCP = Life Cycle Climate Performance L40 PC02 LT & MT (All Secondary With Pumped CO2) LT Cascade CO2, L40 PCO2 (Cascade LT CO2 With Secondary MT, Pumped CO2) N40 DX 10⁰C Min Cond; EXV 10⁰C Min Cond; EXV 21⁰C Min Cond; TXV -16.8% /-63.0% -15.0% /-62.3% -4.7% /-39.3% LT Indirect MT Indirect LT Direct MT Direct 21⁰C Min Cond; TXV R404A DX LT Indirect MT Indirect LT Direct MT Direct - 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 lbs CO2/yr N40/DR33 Can Provide Significant Decrease In LCCP With Minimal System Changes CO2 And L40/DR7 Benefits Are Greater With System Architecture Changes 10

11 LCCP Analysis Supermarket Application Example For Warm Climate CO2Booster (Transcritical All CO2) 21⁰C Min Cond Bangkok, Thailand Annual Energy LCCP 21.6% /-36.6% LT = Low Temperature MT = Medium Temperature DX = Direct Expansion LCCP = Life Cycle Climate Performance L40 PC02 LT & MT (All Secondary With Pumped CO2) N40 DX 21⁰C Min Cond 21⁰C Min Cond LT Cascade CO2, L40 PCO2 (Cascade LT CO2 With Secondary MT, Pumped CO2) 21⁰C Min Cond -6.4% /-51.2% -3.8% /-49.8% -4.9% /-34.6% LT Indirect MT Indirect LT Direct MT Direct 21⁰C Min Cond R404A DX LT Indirect MT Indirect LT Direct MT Direct - 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 lbs CO2/yr N40/DR33 Can Provide Significant Decrease In LCCP With Minimal System Changes Cascade CO2 And L40/DR7 Benefits Are Greater With System Architecture Changes 11

12 Summary Current Lower GWP Choices For Air Conditioning And Refrigeration AC Cooling AC - Heating Challenges R410A GWP R32 Discharge Temp; Hi Temp Water Heating; Oil; A2L L41/DR5 Glide; A2L Propane A3 Flammability Supermarket Walk-In Reach-In Challenges R404A/R22 GWP R407A/F GWP Not Low Enough N40/DR33 GWP Not Low Enough L40/DR7 Limited DX; Secondary A2L 1234ze(E) MedTemp With Cascade CO2 A2L CO2 Cascade; Cool Climate Transcritical Bottle Coolers High Condensing Performance Propane Secondary Limited Sizes A3 Flammability 12

13 Summary In Air Conditioning Cooling And Heating Applications, LCCP Impact Is All About Energy Consumption R32 And HFO Blends Perform Well Compared To R410A, Even In High Ambient Conditions (Some Envelope Limitations In Heating Mode For R32) Focus Through 2015 Optimize Components And Systems For Performance Finalize All Global A2L Standards Regional Product Launches As Needed In Refrigeration, GWP And Leaks Impact LCCP For Large Systems Non Flammable Blends Like N40/DR33, At ~1400 GWP, Will Offer Good Solution In Place Of R404A For All Systems For Large Supermarket Systems, Architecture Changes To Cascade CO2, Transcritical Booster CO2, Or Secondary With HFO Blends Can Lead To Minimizing Energy And GWP Impact For Smaller Systems, HFOs, HFO Blends, Propane And Even N40/DR33 Are Good Lower GWP Options