Reference List Special Note: Members of USSD can contact Larry Stephens for USSD s Member

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1 Reference List Special Note: Members of USSD can contact Larry Stephens for USSD s Member Code to use for ICOLD publications. ASCE Task Committee. Guidelines for Instrumentation and Measurements for Monitoring Dam Performance Barber, E., and C. Sawyer. Highway Subdrainage. Highway Research Board. Proceedings, Vol Barrett, B., and Bliss, M. Emergency Remedial Actions at A.V. Watkins Dam. 28 th Annual USSD Conference, Portland, Oregon. April 28 May 2, Bruce, D. Specialty Construction Techniques for Dams and Levees. CRC Press, Carrier, D. "Goodbye, Hazen; Hello, Kozeny Carman". Journal of Geotechnical Geoenvironmental Engineering 129, no. 11: Casagrande, A., and Fadum, R. "Notes on Soil Testing for Engineering Purposes". Harvard University Graduate School Engineering Publication Casagrande, A. "Seepage Through Dams. Contribution to Soil Mechanics , Boston Society of Civil Engineers: Cedergren, H.R. Seepage Requirements of Filters and Pervious Bases. ASCE Paper No. 2623, Transactions, Vol. 127, Part I: Cedergren. "Seepage Control in Earth Dams." Embankment Dam Engineering: Casagrande Volume, New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Cedergren, H.R. Seepage, Drainage and Flow Nets. Third Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Chapuis, R. "Predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity of sand and gravel using effective diameter and void ratio." Canadian Geotechnical Journal: Christianson, E.H., Hamblin, W.K. Dynamic Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology. Jones & Bartlett Learning, February Deere, D.U., and J. Dunnicliff. Judgment in Geotechnical Engineering: The Professional Legacy of Ralph B. Peck. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Dam Safety: An Owner's Guidance Manual. U.S. Department of Homeland Security June 2015

2 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Filters for Embankment Dams: Best Practices for Design and Construction. U.S. Department of Homeland Security ** Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Report of Workshop on Issues, Solutions and Research Needs Related to Seepage through Embankment dams, FEMA sponsored workshop. October 2000.** Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA 484CD. September ** Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Technical Manual: Plastic Pipe Used in Embankment Dams, FEMA P 675. November 2007.** Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Technical Manual: Embankment Dam Seepage: Best Practices for Monitoring, Measurement, and Evaluation, DRAFT. November Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Technical Manual: for Dam Owners, Impacts of Animals on Dam Owners, FEMA 473. September 2005.** Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). Dam Safety Performance Monitoring Program, Chapter 9: Instrumentation and Monitoring.** Fell, R., MacGregor, P., and Stapledon, D. Geotechnical Engineering of Embankment Dams. Rotterdam: Balkema, Fell, R., & Foster, M. "The Internal Erosion and Piping Process." FEMA. Proceedings: Workshop on Issues, Solutions and Research Needs Related to Seepage through Embankment Dams, Denver, October 17 19, Foster, M. and Fell R. Assessing Embankment Dam Filters that Do Not Satisfy Design Criteria. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering: May Foster, M., Fell, R., and Spannagle, M. A method for assessing the relative likelihood of failure of embankment dams by piping. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37: France, J.W. Report on Workshop on Issues, Solutions, and Research Needs Related to Seepage through Embankment Dams ASDSO Annual Conference. France, J.W. Seepage Collection and Control Systems: The Devil is in the Details ASDSO Annual Conference, Phoenix, AZ. Freeze, A., and Cherry, J. Groundwater. Prentice Hall June 2015

3 Harr, M.E. Groundwater and Seepage. McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, NY, Harr, M.E. Mechanics of Particulate Media. McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, NY, Hirschfeld, R. Design, Construction, and Inspection of Embankment Dams to Reduce the Risk of Piping, Seepage, Piping and Remedial Measures, Interagency Committee on Dam Safety. ICODS. March 23 24, International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD): Internal Erosion of Existing Dams, Levees and Dikes, and Their Foundations. Bulletin 164, Volume 1. January 22, International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD). Cutoffs for Dams Bulletin 150. Jansen, R. Earthfill Dam Design and Analysis. Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation. R.B. Jansen: Knodel, P.C. Dispersive Clays. Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation. R.B. Jansen: Kramer, R. "Long term Reliability of Clay Barriers." Clay Barriers of Embankment Dams. Institution of Civil Engineers McCook, D.K. Chimney Filters Design and Construction Considerations ASDSO Annual Conference, Pittsburg, PA. McCook, D.K. Things Your Mother Never Told You About Earth Dam Design ASDSO Annual Conference, Tampa, FL. McCook, D.K. The Filter Design Tightrope ASDSO Annual Conference, Minneapolis, MN. McCook, D.K. A Comprehensive Discussion of Piping and Internal Erosion ASDSO Annual Conference, Phoenix, AZ. McCook, D.K. Supplemental Tests to Evaluate Suitability of Materials Proposed for Use in Critical Filter Zones ASDSO Annual Conference, Orlando, FL. McCook, D.K., and Pabst, M. Pipes in Drain Systems Are They a Necessary Evil? 2006 ASDSO Annual Conference, Boston, MA. McCook, D.K., and Talbot, J. NRCS Filter Design Criteria A Step by Step Approach ASDSO Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA. Natural Resource Conservation Service, TR 60 Earth Dams and Reservoirs, U.S. Department of Agriculture, June 2015

4 Naval Facilities Engineering Command. Design Manual 7.01 Soil Mechanics, Department of the Navy ** O Leary, T., Vroman, N., Williams, C., and Pabst, M. Critical Horizontal Seepage Gradients. Journal of Dam Safety, ISSN Association of State Dam Safety Officials, Volume 11, Issue Leonards, G.A. Foundation Engineering. McGraw Hill Inc. January Pabst, M., Robbins, B., Engemoen, B., Hanneman, D., Redlinger, C., and Scott, G. Heave, Uplift and Piping at the Toe of Embankment Dams A New Perspective, Journal of Dam Safety Peck, R. Where Has All the Judgment Gone? Canadian Geotechnical Journal 17, no. 4: Pabst, M., and France, J. Getting Water in Pipes Not as Easy as it Seems ASDSO Annual Conference, Austin, TX. Pabst, M. Design and Construction of Access Features for Toe Drains ASDSO Annual Conference, Austin, TX. Pabst, M. Considerations for Filter Design. Proceedings: 2007 USSD Annual Conference, Denver, CO. Pabst, M. Adding Filter Protection to Existing Conduits through Embankment Dams ASDSO Annual Conference, Hollywood, FL. Pabst, M., Robbins, B., Engemoen, B., Hanneman, D., Redlinger, C., and Scott, G. Heave, Uplift, & Piping at the Toe of Embankment Dams. Journal of Dam Safety, ISSN Association of State Dam Safety Officials, Volume 11, Issue Paul, D., Cyganiewicz, J., Slaven, C., and France, J. Assessment of Potential Failure Modes for the Truckee Canal at Fernley, Nevada. Journal of Dam Safety, Volume ISSN Association of State Dam Safety Officials 7, no Perry, E.P. Piping in earth dams constructed of dispersive clay: Literature review and design of laboratory tests. Technical Report S 75 15, Vicksburg, MS: Waterways Exp. Station Perry, E.P. Laboratory Tests on Granular Filters for Embankment Dams, Technical Report GL 87 22, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. August June 2015

5 Perry, E. B., and Al Hussaini, M.M. Filters and Drains for Earth Dams ASDSO Annual Conference. Powers, J.P. Construction Dewatering: A Guide to Theory and Practice. John Wiley & Sons Inc.; May Pritchett, E.C. Embankment Seepage Control Design and Construction, Seepage and Leakage from Dams and Impoundments. Volpe, R.L. and W.E. Kelly, eds. American Society of Civil Engineers. New York, NY: Ritter, D.F., Kohel, R.C., Miller, J.R. Process Geomorphology, 5 th Edition. Waveland Press Inc., Long Grove, IL, February Schmertmann, J.H. The no filter factor of safety against piping through sand. Judgment and Innovation: The Heritage and Future of the Geotechnical Engineering Profession. Geotechnical Special Publication No. 111, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA Sellmeijer, J.B., Lopez de la Cruz, H., van Beek, V.M., and Knoeff, J.G. Fine tuning of the backward erosion piping model through small scale, medium scale and Ijkdijk experiments. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 15(8) Sherard, J.L. Embankment dam cracking. Embankment Dam Engineering. Hirschfeld and Poulos, eds. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc Sherard, J.L. Sinkholes in Dams of Coarse, Broadly Graded Soils. ICOLD 13th Congress on Large Dams, Q.49, R2, New Delhi, India Sherard, J.L. Discussion of design of filters for clay cores of dams. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 109, no. 9: Sherard, J.L. Hydraulic Fracturing in Embankment Dams. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 112, no. 10: October Sherard, J.L., Decker, R.S., and Ryker, N.L. Study of Piping Failures and Erosion Damage from Rain in Clay Dams in Oklahoma and Mississippi, a report prepared for the Soil Conservation Service Sherard, J.L., Piping in Earth Dams of Dispersive Clay. Proceedings: Conference on the Performance of Earth and Earth Supported Structures. ASCE, Vol. 1: June Sherard, J.L., Dunnigan, L.P., and Talbot, J.R. Basic Properties of Sand and Gravel Filters. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 110, no. 6: June June 2015

6 Sherard, J.L., Dunnigan, L.P., and Talbot, J.R. Filters for Silts and Clays. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 110, no. 6: June Sherard, J.L., and Dunnigan, L.P. Filters and Leakage Control in Embankment Dams, Seepage and Leakage from Dams and Impoundments. ASCE Symposium, Denver, CO. May Sherard, J.L., and Dunnigan, L.P. Critical Filters for Impervious Soils. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division 115, no. 7: July U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. EM Seepage Analysis and Control of Dams. U.S. Department of the Army ** U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. EM Instrumentation of Embankment Dams and Levees. U.S. Department of the Army ** U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. EM Construction Control for Earth and Rockfill Dams. U.S. Department of the Army U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. EM General Design and Construction Considerations for Earth and Rockfill Dams. U.S. Department of the Army ** U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. ETL Engineering and Design Initial Reservoir Filling Plan. U.S. Department of the Army ** USCOLD. Lessons from Dam Incidents: Committee on Failures and Accidents to Large Dams of the United States Committee on Large Dams (USCOLD). American Society of Civil Engineers. New York, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service. TR 60 Earth Dams and Reservoirs ** U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service. Part 628 Dams, National Engineering Handbook, Chapter 45 Filter Diaphragms ** U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Part 651, Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook, Chapter ** U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Soil Mechanics Note SM 3: Soil Mechanics Considerations for Embankment Drains. May 1971.** U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Soil Mechanics Note SM 5: Flow Net Construction and Use ** 6 June 2015

7 U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Soil Mechanics Note SM 7: The Mechanics of Seepage Analyses. October ** U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Soil Mechanics Note SM 9: Permeability of Selected Clean Sands and Gravels. March ** U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Gradation Design of Sand and Gravel Filters. U.S. Department of Agriculture National Engineering Handbook, Part 633, Chapter 26: Washington, DC. October ** U.S. Dept. of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation. Design of Small Dams ** U.S. Dept. of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation. Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams, Chapters 5, 8, and /2012.** U.S. Dept. of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation. Embankment Dam Instrumentation Manual ** Von Thun, J.L. Understanding seepage and piping failures The No. 1 dam safety problem in the West. Proceedings: Association of Dam Safety Officials (ASDSO) Western Regional Conference, Lake Tahoe, NV: ** These references are publically available documents that are included in the course CD 7 June 2015

CHAPTER 8 SEEPAGE CONTROL IN EMBANKMENTS

CHAPTER 8 SEEPAGE CONTROL IN EMBANKMENTS 8-1. General. All earth and rock-fill dams are subject to seepage through the embankment, foundation, and abutments. Seepage control is necessary to prevent excessive