GAC Filters for More Than Just TOC Removal

Transcription

1 GAC Filters for More Than Just TOC Removal City of Phoenix Brian Fayle Deer Valley and 24 th Street WTP s 1 Benefits of GAC Filters Excellent Filtered Water Turbidity providing the filter influent zeta potential is optimized Good for Short Term TOC Reductions Great for Long Term Chlorite Reductions Great for Long Term THM Reductions in the Reservoir Effluent and Distribution System When Practicing Pre-Oxidation 1

2 NTU's Initial Implementation of GAC Filters at the Deer Valley WTP Was Not Easy Deer Valley Started up Brand New Actiflo and GAC Filter Processes Simultaneously. Actiflo Effluent Filterability Issues Actiflo Anionic Polyacrylamide Polymer Created Extreme Negatively Charged Effluent, which caused High Filter Effluent Turbidity. Actiflo Cationic Polyacrylamide Polymer Created Excellent Filtered Water Turbidity, but Caused Extreme Filter Plugging Problems. Actiflo Effluent Ideal Chemical Combination Cationic DADMAC Polymer (Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride) Prior to Actifo, Anionic Emulsion Actiflo Polymer, and Post Actiflo Ferric Deer Valley WTP GAC Filter Effluent NTU's at Start Up of Actiflo Process The Anionic Polymer Created Poorly Filterable Negatively Charged Water Start Up Actiflo Bypassing Filters 7 AM - 8:1 AM Actiflo Chemicals: Anionic Emulsion Polymer Ferric Chloride 3 ppm Filter Aid: Ferric Chloride 3 ppm Plant Shutdown Due to High Filter Effluent NTU's Filter 1 Filter Filter 3 Filter 4 11/14/ 7: AM 11/14/ 7:3 AM 11/14/ 8: AM 11/14/ 8:3 AM 11/14/ 9: AM 11/14/ 9:3 AM 11/14/ : AM 11/14/ :3 AM 11/14/ 11: AM 11/14/ 11:3 AM 11/14/ 12: PM 4 2

3 1/1/11 9//13 : PM 1/3/11 9/11/13 12: AM 2/28/11 9/11/13 2: AM 3/29/11 4/27/11 9/11/13 4: AM /26/11 9/11/13 6: AM 6/2/11 9/11/13 8: AM 7/24/11 9/11/13 : AM 8/22/11 9//11 9/11/13 12: PM /19/11 9/11/13 2: PM 11/17/11 9/11/13 4: PM 12/17/11 1/1/12 9/11/13 6: PM 2/13/12 9/11/13 8: PM 3/13/12 9/11/13 : PM 4/11/12 //12 9/12/13 12: AM 6/9/12 9/12/13 2: AM 7/8/12 9/12/13 4: AM 8/6/12 9/4/12 9/12/13 6: AM /3/12 9/12/13 8: AM 11/1/12 9/12/13 : AM 12/1/12 9/12/13 12: PM 12/3/12 1/28/13 9/12/13 2: PM 2/26/13 9/12/13 4: PM 3/27/13 9/12/13 6: PM 4/2/13 /2/13 9/12/13 8: PM 6/23/13 9/12/13 : PM 7/22/13 8//13 Comb Flt Inf 9/18/13 /17/13 11/16/13 Comb Flt Inf Deer Valley Daily Average NTU Daily Average NTU Comb Flt Inf Daily Average NTU Deer Valley Hourly NTU s During a Turbidity Event GAC Filters Can Limit Turbidity Breakthrough if Zeta Potentials are Optimized Comb Flt Eff NTU Comb Flt Inf NTU. 6 3

4 1/1/12 2/1/12 3/1/12 4/1/12 /1/12 6/1/12 7/1/12 8/1/12 9/1/12 /1/12 11/1/12 12/1/12 1/1/13 2/1/13 3/1/13 4/1/13 /1/13 6/1/13 7/1/13 8/1/13 9/1/13 /1/13 11/1/13 Comb Flt Inf 24 th Street Daily Average NTU Comb Flt Eff NTU Comb Flt Inf NTU Turbidity Recap Actiflo and GAC Filters Turbidity Breakthrough Possible Very Negative Zeta Ferric and Anionic Polyacrylamide Polymer at Actiflo Additional Ferric On Filters Extremely Plugged Filters Ferric and Cationic Polyacrylamide Polymer at Actiflo Finally Figured It Out Good Turbidity Removal and Filter Run Times Cationic DADMAC Polymer prior to Actiflo to help Zeta P. Ferric and Anionic Polyacrylamide Polymer at Actiflo Additional Ferric On Filters 4

5 2/9/11 8/1/12 8/16/12 8/17/12 8/18/12 8/19/12 8//12 8/21/12 8/22/12 8/23/12 8/24/12 8/2/12 8/26/12 8/27/12 8/28/12 8/29/12 8/3/12 8/31/12 9/1/12 9/2/12 9/3/12 9/4/12 9//12 9/6/12 9/7/12 9/8/12 9/9/12 9//12 9/11/12 9/12/12 9/13/12 9/14/12 9/1/12 3/9/11 4/9/11 /9/11 6/9/11 7/9/11 8/9/11 9/9/11 /9/11 11/9/11 12/9/11 1/9/12 2/9/12 3/9/12 4/9/12 /9/12 6/9/12 7/9/12 8/9/12 9/9/12 /9/12 11/9/12 12/9/12 1/9/13 2/9/13 3/9/13 4/9/13 /9/13 6/9/13 7/9/13 8/9/13 9/9/13 /9/13 11/9/13 Deer Valley WTP GAC Media TOC Exhaustion Curve GAC Filters Exhausted at 7. Months (117 Average Filter Run Days) Plant Shutdown Placed 4 Regenerated Filters in Service at 216 Average Filter Run Days 2 On-line at a Time (2 Duty 2 Standby) Placed 2 Regenerated Filters in Service at 363 Average Filter Run Days 1 On-line at a Time (1 Duty 1 Standby) Sand Ballasted Flocculation Eff TOC Combined Filter Eff TOC Deer Valley WTP 4 Regen Filters Placed In Service.31 TOC Reduction Placed 4 Regenerated Filters in Service at 216 Average Filter Run Days 2 On-line at a Time 2 Duty - 2 Standby.31 ppm TOC Reduction Sand Ballasted Flocculation Eff TOC Combined Filter Eff TOC Raw TOC

6 2/7/12 /1/13 /2/13 /3/13 /4/13 //13 /6/13 /7/13 /8/13 /9/13 //13 /11/13 /12/13 /13/13 /14/13 /1/13 /16/13 /17/13 /18/13 /19/13 //13 /21/13 /22/13 /23/13 /24/13 /2/13 /26/13 /27/13 /28/13 /29/13 /3/13 /31/13 3/7/12 4/7/12 /7/12 6/7/12 7/7/12 8/7/12 9/7/12 /7/12 11/7/12 12/7/12 1/7/13 2/7/13 3/7/13 4/7/13 /7/13 6/7/13 7/7/13 8/7/13 9/7/13 /7/13 11/7/13 Deer Valley WTP 2 Regen Filters Placed In Service.21 TOC Reduction Sand Ballasted Flocculation Eff TOC Combined Filter Eff TOC Placed 2 Regenerated Filters in Service at 363 Average Filter Run Days 1 On-line at a Time (1 Duty - 1 Standy) Increased Ferric from to 3 ppm for better TOC removal Raw TOC ppm TOC Reduction th Street WTP GAC Media TOC Exhaustion Curve Final Sed Eff TOC GAC Filters Exhausted from a TOC Removal Perspective at 4. Months Comb. Filter Eff TOC

7 2/9/11 3/9/11 4/9/11 /9/11 6/9/11 7/9/11 8/9/11 9/9/11 /9/11 11/9/11 12/9/11 1/9/12 2/9/12 3/9/12 4/9/12 /9/12 6/9/12 7/9/12 8/9/12 9/9/12 /9/12 11/9/12 12/9/12 1/9/13 2/9/13 3/9/13 4/9/13 /9/13 6/9/13 7/9/13 8/9/13 9/9/13 /9/13 11/9/13 TOC Recap All 18 of Deer Valley s GAC Filters Were Considered Exhausted from a TOC Removal Perspective at 7. Calendar Months. (117 average filter run days based on actual filtration time) All 16 of 24 th Street s GAC Filters Were Considered Exhausted from a TOC Removal Perspective at 4. Calendar Months. Deer Valley WTP GAC Media Chlorite Exhaustion Curve Increased Chlorine Dioxide Dose Plant Shutdown Placed 4 Regenerated Filters Inservice - 2 Duty - 2 Standby Chlorite Exhaustion Curve Levels of after 18 Months Excluding Plant Shutdowns Placed 2 Regenerated Filters Inservice - 1 Duty - 1 Standby Sand Ballasted Flocculation Eff Chlorite Combined Filter Eff Chlorite Chlorite.1. Zoomed in View on Next Slide 14 7

8 2/7/12 9/9/13 3/7/12 9//13 4/7/12 9/11/13 9/12/13 /7/12 9/13/13 6/7/12 9/14/13 7/7/12 9/1/13 8/7/12 9/16/13 9/17/13 9/7/12 9/18/13 /7/12 9/19/13 11/7/12 9//13 12/7/12 9/21/13 9/22/13 1/7/13 9/23/13 2/7/13 9/24/13 3/7/13 9/2/13 4/7/13 9/26/13 9/27/13 /7/13 9/28/13 6/7/13 9/29/13 7/7/13 9/3/13 8/7/13 /1/13 /2/13 9/7/13 /3/13 /7/13 /4/13 11/7/13.7 Deer Valley WTP - Filter Eff and Chlorite Residuals go to Zero When Chlorite Applied to the GAC Media Goes to Zero GAC Media Does NOT Leach Chlorite.6. Sand Ballasted Flocculation Eff Chlorite.4.3 Combined Filter Eff Chlorite.2.1 Chlorite th Street WTP GAC Media Chlorite Exhaustion Curve Final Sed Eff Chlorite GAC Filters Chlorite Adsorption Levels Off at Months Chlorite

9 Chlorite Recap Deer Valley s GAC Media Still Removes Chlorite from.6 to less than.2 ppm After 27 Months of Usage (6 regenerations) 24 th Street s GAC Media Still Removes Chlorite from.6 to less than.3 ppm After Months of Usage ( regenerations) Once the Applied Chlorite on top of the GAC Media is Removed, the Chlorite Leaving the GAC Media is Removed (GAC does not leach chlorite) ---THM Reduction Intro--- Why are Municipalities Starting to Use Pre-chlorination / Pre-oxidation Prior to GAC 3% - 4% THM Reductions at the Reservoir Effluent as Well as the Far Reaches of the Distribution System. Iron / Manganese Oxidation Prior to Filtration Very Economical Can Reduce GAC Regeneration Frequency (Big $) 9

10 's 's 6/18/12 /1/13 //13 6/22/12 /9/13 6/26/12 /13/13 /17/13 6/3/12 /21/13 7/4/12 /2/13 /29/13 7/8/12 6/2/13 7/12/12 6/6/13 7/16/12 6//13 6/14/13 7//12 6/18/13 7/24/12 6/22/13 6/26/13 7/28/12 6/3/13 8/1/12 7/4/13 8//12 7/8/13 7/12/13 8/9/12 7/16/13 8/13/12 7//13 7/24/13 8/17/12 7/28/13 8/21/12 8/1/ DV & 24th Street Off - On - Off and Corresponding Distribution System 's 24th Hour 's DV Hour OFF OFF DV & 24th Street On - Off - On and Corresponding Distribution System 's Chlorine Dioxide Only 24th PAC OFF / Ferric ppm 24th Hour THM's DV Hour

11 8/19/11 2//11 9/19/11 2/24/11 /19/11 3//11 11/19/11 3/24/11 12/19/11 1/19/12 4/7/11 2/19/12 4/21/11 3/19/12 //11 4/19/12 /19/12 /19/11 6/19/12 6/2/11 7/19/12 6/16/11 8/19/12 6/3/11 9/19/12 /19/12 7/14/11 11/19/12 7/28/11 12/19/12 8/11/11 1/19/13 2/19/13 8/2/11 3/19/13 9/8/11 4/19/13 9/22/11 /19/13 6/19/13 /6/11 7/19/13 //11 8/19/13 11/3/11 9/19/13 11/17/11 /19/13 11/19/13 4 Deer Valley 11 's vs Chlorine Dioxide Bt Itself 3 3 Chlorine Dioxide Upstream of GAC SBF Eff 2 1 Comb Flt Eff Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide Upstream of GAC Temp Deer Valley GAC Filters THM Breakthrough Curve GAC Media Still Continues to Remove THM s Plant Shutdown Sand Ballasted Flocculation Effluent GAC Eff 1 's Raw Water Temp 22 11

12 8/19/11 4/11/12 4/2/12 8/26/11 /9/12 9/2/11 /23/12 9/9/11 6/6/12 9/16/11 6//12 9/23/11 7/4/12 7/18/12 9/3/11 8/1/12 /7/11 8/1/12 /14/11 8/29/12 /21/11 9/12/12 9/26/12 /28/11 //12 11/4/11 /24/12 11/11/11 11/7/12 11/18/11 11/21/12 11/2/11 12//12 12/19/12 Deer Valley GAC Filters 11 THM Breakthrough Curve Oxidant Cycles Chlorine Only OFF OFF the Last Day Sand Ballasted Flocculation Effluent GAC Eff 2 OFF OFF 1 's Raw Water Temp 23 Deer Valley GAC Filters 12 THM Breakthrough Curve Oxidant Status Off OFF OFF Sand Ballasted Flocculation Effluent 3 GAC Eff 2 1 's Raw Water Temp 24 12

13 2/7/13 2/21/13 3/7/13 3/21/13 4/4/13 4/18/13 /2/13 /16/13 /3/13 6/13/13 6/27/13 7/11/13 7/2/13 8/8/13 8/22/13 9//13 9/19/13 /3/13 /17/13 /31/13 11/14/13 Deer Valley's GAC Filters 13 THM Breakthrough Curve Oxidant Status 1:1 Plant Shut Down 1:1 ClO 2 Only 1:1 Cl 2 Only 1:1 1. : 1 Sand Ballasted Flocculation Effluent GAC Eff Raw Water Temp 2 Typical TOC, Chlorite, Chlorine, and THM's Applied to GAC Media While Practicing Pre-Oxidation /,.1,.1,.63 TOC Chlorite Chlorine THM's,

14 PPB PPB 4/2/13 //12 4/9/13 6//12 4/16/13 7//12 4/23/13 8//12 4/3/13 9//12 /7/13 //12 /14/13 11//12 /21/13 12//12 /28/13 6/4/13 1//13 6/11/13 2//13 6/18/13 3//13 6/2/13 4//13 7/2/13 //13 7/9/13 6//13 7/16/13 7//13 7/23/13 7/3/13 8//13 8/6/13 9//13 //13 24th Street GAC Filters 12 through 13 THM Breakthrough Curve GAC Media Will Leach THM's - Unlike Chlorite Final Sed Eff Total THM Total THM Total THM th Street THM Speciations Under Oxidant, Ferric Chloride, & PAC Variations (Cl 2 & ClO 2 at 1:1) Ferric at ppm PAC at 7 ppm OFF (ClO 2 by itself) Cut Ferric to ppm Turned PAC OFF Back Ferric PAC OFF Still Increased Ferric from to ppm Turned PAC at 7 ppm Total THM Bromodichloromethane Dibromochloromethane Bromoform Chloroform 28 14

15 PPB Individual THM Percent of Total THM 4/2/13 4/2/13 4/9/13 4/9/13 4/16/13 4/16/13 4/23/13 4/23/13 4/3/13 4/3/13 /7/13 /7/13 /14/13 /14/13 /21/13 /21/13 /28/13 /28/13 6/4/13 6/4/13 6/11/13 6/11/13 6/18/13 6/18/13 6/2/13 6/2/13 7/2/13 7/2/13 7/9/13 7/9/13 7/16/13 7/16/13 7/23/13 7/23/13 7/3/13 7/3/13 8/6/13 8/6/ th Street Chloroform through Plant Process Chloroform No Longer Removed through GAC Small Impact on THM s (Cl 2 & ClO 2 at 1:1) Ferric at ppm PAC at 7 ppm OFF (ClO 2 by itself) Cut Ferric to ppm Turned PAC OFF Back Ferric PAC OFF Still Increased Ferric from to ppm Turned PAC at 7 ppm Final Sed Eff Chloroform Chloroform Chloroform 29 24th Street - Chloroform Percentage of Through Process Chloroform Percentage Changed Due to vs ClO 2 Bt Itself % 9% 9% 8% 8% 7% 7% 6% 6% % % 4% 4% 3% 3% 2% % 1% % % % (Cl 2 & ClO 2 at 1:1) Ferric at ppm PAC at 7 ppm OFF (ClO 2 by itself) Cut Ferric to ppm PAC OFF Turned PAC OFF Back Ferric Still Increased Ferric from to ppm Turned PAC at 7 ppm Final Sed Eff Chloroform Chloroform Chloroform 3 1

16 PPB Individual THM Percent of Total THM 4/2/13 4/2/13 4/9/13 4/9/13 4/16/13 4/16/13 4/23/13 4/23/13 4/3/13 4/3/13 /7/13 /7/13 /14/13 /14/13 /21/13 /21/13 /28/13 /28/13 6/4/13 6/4/13 6/11/13 6/11/13 6/18/13 6/18/13 6/2/13 6/2/13 7/2/13 7/2/13 7/9/13 7/9/13 7/16/13 7/16/13 7/23/13 7/23/13 7/3/13 7/3/13 8/6/13 8/6/ th Street Bromoform through Plant Process Bromoform is Still Removed through GAC But Small Impact on THM s (Cl 2 & ClO 2 at 1:1) Ferric at ppm PAC at 7 ppm OFF (ClO 2 by itself) Cut Ferric to ppm Turned PAC OFF Back Ferric PAC OFF Still Increased Ferric from to ppm Turned PAC at 7 ppm Final Sed Eff Bromoform Bromoform Bromoform 31 24th Street - Bromoform Percentage of Through Process Bromoform Percentage Mainly Unchanged % 9% 9% 8% 8% 7% 7% 6% 6% % % 4% 4% 3% 3% 2% % 1% % % % (Cl 2 & ClO 2 at 1:1) Ferric at ppm PAC at 7 ppm OFF (ClO 2 by itself) Cut Ferric to ppm PAC OFF Turned PAC OFF Back Ferric Still Increased Ferric from to ppm Turned PAC at 7 ppm Final Sed Eff Bromoform Bromoform Bromoform 32 16

17 PPB Individual THM Percent of Total THM 4/2/13 4/2/13 4/9/13 4/9/13 4/16/13 4/16/13 4/23/13 4/23/13 4/3/13 4/3/13 /7/13 /7/13 /14/13 /14/13 /21/13 /21/13 /28/13 /28/13 6/4/13 6/4/13 6/11/13 6/11/13 6/18/13 6/18/13 6/2/13 6/2/13 7/2/13 7/2/13 7/9/13 7/9/13 7/16/13 7/16/13 7/23/13 7/23/13 7/3/13 7/3/13 8/6/13 8/6/13 24 th Street Bromodichloromethane through Plant Process Bromodichloro is No Longer Removed through GAC But it has a Large Impact on THM s 2 1 (Cl 2 & ClO 2 at 1:1) Ferric at ppm PAC at 7 ppm Back Ferric PAC OFF Still Increased Ferric from to ppm Turned PAC at 7 ppm Final Sed Eff Bromodichloromethane OFF (ClO 2 by itself) Cut Ferric to ppm Turned PAC OFF Bromodichloromethane Bromodichloromethane 33 % 9% 9% 8% 8% 7% 7% 6% 6% % % 4% 4% 3% 3% 2% % 1% % % % 24th Street - Bromodichloromethane Percentage of Through Process Bromodichloro Percentage Mainly Unchanged (Cl 2 & ClO 2 at 1:1) Ferric at ppm PAC at 7 ppm OFF (ClO 2 by itself) Cut Ferric to ppm PAC OFF Turned PAC OFF Back Ferric Still Increased Ferric from to ppm Turned PAC at 7 ppm Final Sed Eff Bromodichloromethane Bromodichloromethane Bromodichloromethane 34 17

18 PPB Individual THM Percent of Total THM 4/2/13 4/2/13 4/9/13 4/9/13 4/16/13 4/16/13 4/23/13 4/23/13 4/3/13 4/3/13 /7/13 /7/13 /14/13 /14/13 /21/13 /21/13 /28/13 /28/13 6/4/13 6/4/13 6/11/13 6/11/13 6/18/13 6/18/13 6/2/13 6/2/13 7/2/13 7/2/13 7/9/13 7/9/13 7/16/13 7/16/13 7/23/13 7/23/13 7/3/13 7/3/13 8/6/13 8/6/13 24 th Street Dibromochloromethane through Plant Process Dibromochloro is Still Removed through GAC And has the Largest Impact on THM s 2 1 (Cl 2 & ClO 2 at 1:1) Ferric at ppm PAC at 7 ppm Back Ferric PAC OFF Still Increased Ferric from to ppm Turned PAC at 7 ppm Final Sed Eff Dibromochloromethane OFF (ClO 2 by itself) Cut Ferric to ppm Turned PAC OFF Dibromochloromethane Dibromochloromethane 3 24th Street - Dibromochloromethane Percentage of Through Process Dibromochloro Percentage Changed Due to vs ClO2 By Itself % 9% 9% 8% 8% 7% 7% 6% 6% % % 4% 4% 3% 3% 2% % 1% % % % (Cl 2 & ClO 2 at 1:1) Ferric at ppm PAC at 7 ppm OFF (ClO 2 by itself) Cut Ferric to ppm Ferric Turned PAC OFF Back PAC OFF Still Increased Ferric from to ppm Turned PAC at 7 ppm Final Sed Eff Dibromochloromethane Dibromochloromethane Dibromochloromethane 36 18

19 Recap - THM Reductions from Pre- Oxidation Prior to GAC 3% - 4% THM Reductions at the Reservoir Effluent as Well as the Far Reaches of the Distribution System. Dibromochloromethane and Bromodichloromethane are Reduced the Most. Dibromochloromethane and Chloroform Exchange Their Percentage of the with Each Other. Chloroform Goes Up and Dibromochloromethane Goes Down. GAC Media will leach THM s Unlike Chlorite A Special Thanks to the Deer Valley and 24 th Street Chemists YuChu Hsu Supervisor Tori Arnold Holly Bradley Abril Perez Allison Shepherd Shari Lange Dominique Ramirez Edna Bienz (retired) 19

20 Statements of fact and opinion expressed are those of the author(s) and presenter(s). AZ Water Association, AZAWWA and AZWEA assume no responsibility for the content, nor do they represent official policy of the Association. Finish Line Data Overload Questions???