Life Cycle Assessment and EcoDesign Activities in Thailand

Transcription

1 Life Cycle Assessment and EcoDesign Activities in Thailand by Assoc.Prof.Dr.. Thumrongrut Mungcharoen Acting Director Focus Center on LCA and EcoProduct Development (FC eco-lca) LCA), National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) and Director, Cleaner Technology and EcoDesign, Kasetsart University

2 Content Introduction: Drivers for LCA/ EcoDesign LCA/ EcoDesign Activities in Thailand Overview Green Manufacturing Technical Assistance Program (GMTAP) National LCI Database Project in Thailand Thai Green Design Network (TGDN) CoE for EcoProduct Development

3 Content Introduction: Drivers for LCA/ EcoDesign LCA/ EcoDesign Activities in Thailand Overview Green Manufacturing Technical Assistance Program (GMTAP) National LCI Database Project in Thailand Thai Green Design Network (TGDN) CoE for EcoProduct Development

4 An Unsustainable Earth Population (billion) Megacities (>8million) Food Production(cal/capita-day) Fish Catch (million tons/yr) Water Use (km 3 /yr) Rainforest Cover(% of 50 level) Elephants (million) CO 2 Emission (billion tons/yr) Atmospheric CFC (ppb) Ref: C.C.Chao, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan

5 Introduction Environmental Impacts Global/ Regional/ Local Impacts Global Warming Gaseous compounds adsorb infrared light and trap heat radiation Ozone Depletion Ozone can be destroyed by chemicals that react with it directly Acidification Emission of acid can degrade some material Photochemical Smog Formation CO, VOCs,, and NO X with UV-light can form O3, peroxyacetyl nitrate and peroxybenzoyl nitrate Oxygen Depletion Emission of organic matter to the water environment Human Health Heavy Metal Cd, Pb,, Hg, etc Wastewater, hazardous wastes, etc.

6 World pays high price for environmental disasters Crippling droughts, torrential floods and other environmental disasters will cost the world more than $70 billion in 2002, the United Nations Environment Program said. Over the next three to four decades the world could witness a year in which losses from droughts, storms surges, hurricanes and floods hit one trillion dollars, source: UNEP Nov.2006 the More details see: leid=5422&l=en

7 Environmental Regulations vs. Trade EU Legislations Life Cycle Approach Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive 94/62/EC Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS) Integrated Product Policy: IPP (Eco-design and Eco-Labeling) Eco-Design of End-Use Equipment (EuE Directive) Energy-using Product (EuP) Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of CHemicals (REACH) Japan Legislations (all laws below are already enforced) Basic Law for Promoting the Creation of a Recycling-Oriented Society Waste Management Law Law for the Promotion of the Effective Utilization of Resources (promotes the 3 Rs reduce, reuse and recycle waste) Containers and Packaging Recycling Law Home Appliances Recycling Law ม ลค าการส งออก 5.9 แสนล านบาท (ป 48) ม ลค าการส งออก 6 แสนล านบาท (ป 48)

8 Trend of Eco-label Product TESCO UK. Green Grocer Declare Policy: Carbon and the Consumer on 18 Jan 2007 Vision: Leader to Create a Low-carbon Economy Reduce Carbon Footprint (Climate Change) Business Driver Deliver Green Consumption; Green Product Label: Price and Information CO 2 Label on Tesco Product Shelf for Consumer Choice

9 Today and Tomorrow.. Environment and Trade.. Non-Tariff Barrier Resource depletion, Pollution/Solid waste, Lack of Landfill site Consumer demand, Green Supply Chain Social responsibility Solution: Need to go Green GREEN COMPETITIVENESS.. CT, LCA, EcoDesign

10 Environmental Management Tools for Sustainable Development Methods to decrease the pollutants before production activity To deal with the pollutants generated through the production process Software Before Production Environment Assessment (Prediction) During Production Process End of Pipe Environment Assessment Hardware LCA DfE Cleaner Technology Energy Conservation Technology Analysis/Measurement Technology (Sampling,Monitoring) Energy Conservation Management Pollution Prevention Technology -Prevent emission of the pollutants- (exhaust gas/ wastewater, sludge treatment, etc.) Solid Waste Measures Institution CoE Source: JETRO GPP policy dialogue meeting, 25 Apr 2006 Pollution Control Officer Preparations for Law / Regulations

11 Climate Change GLOBAL Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Extraction of Abiotic Resources Extraction of Biotic Resources Acidification Nutrification Human Toxicity Ecotoxicity (terrestrial, aquatic) Photo-oxidant Formation Land use LOCAL Noise

12 Characterization (Global warming) Data items Inventory (kg) GWP 100 Category indicator CH E CO E E+3 HCFC-141b E+2 HFC-134a 3.60E E+2 N 2 O 1.99E E+1 Total 8.28E+3

13 GWP(100years) (CO2 equiv. kg) CO 2 1 CH 4 21 N 2 O 310 HFC HFC HFC-134a 1300 HCFC 141b 630 CF 4 SF (Perfluorocarbon) (PO4 equiv. kg) NH NO 0.2 NO PO4 1 IPCC,1995 Hydrofluorocarbons NP ODP Heijungs et al., CML 1992 (CFC equiv. kg) CFC-11 1 HALON HCFC HCFC-141b 0.11 HCFC AP Heijungs et al., CML 1992 (SO 2 equiv. kg) NH HCl 0.88 HF 1.6 NO 1.07 NO NO X 0.7 SO 2 1 SO X 1

14 Benefits of the life cycle approach The complete life cycle has to be considered Illustrating example:... to avoid the shifting of burdens among life cycle phases Use phase 250 GJ better! 180 GJ Materials and production End-of-life 70 GJ 10 GJ Burden of a car (conventional concept) Source: Marc Wolf from Joint Research Center worse? 100 GJ 10 GJ Burden of a car (light-weight construction with aluminium, polymercompounds..)

15 Product Assessment: Eco-Strategy Wheel 1. Product Design Review 5 8. End of Life Materials Usage Initial Lifetime 0 3. Low Impact Materials Weak point 6. Impact During Use 4. Production Technique 5. Distributions

16 Evaluation & Auditing Tools Road Map - ISO Management Systems Product-Oriented Support Tools Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE) ISO guidelines Environmental Auditing (EA) general principles audit procedures qualification criteria for environmental auditors ISO (EMS) general guidelines on principles, systems & supporting techniques ISO (EMS) specification with guidance for use Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) general principles & practices life cycle inventory analysis life cycle impact assessment life cycle improvement assessment Environmental Labelling (EL) basic principles for all environmental labelling terms & definitions symbols testing & verification guiding principles, practices & criteria for certification programs Other standards writers Source: Thailand Environment Institute ISO/IEC Guide 64 environmental aspects of product standards

17 Definition of Sustainable Development According to the WCED, SD is "Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." WCED: World Commission on Environment and Development set up in 1983 by UN Earth Summit at Rio, Brazil in 1992 (178 countries agreed on Agenda 21, protection of environment for sustainable development)

18 Content Introduction: Drivers for LCA/ EcoDesign LCA/ EcoDesign Activities in Thailand Overview Green Manufacturing Technical Assistance Program (GMTAP) National LCI Database Project in Thailand Thai Green Design Network (TGDN) CoE for EcoProduct Development

19 Green Concept in Thailand 1990 CT Concept in Thai industry (FTI/ DIW/ TEI) 1996 CT Concept to Education, Research + Other Sectors 1997 Promote LCA Concept (TEI) 2001 Thai LCA network.. CMU Teaching LCA at AIT, LCA/ EcoDesign at KU 2003 GMTAP under GPP- LCA/EcoDesign technology transfer from Japan + promote EcoDesign Concept (MTEC) 2005 LCA/ EcoDesign in EE sectors (EEI..green( camp) 2006 Thai Green Design network (TGDN).. MTEC

20 Thermal System Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, THAILAND Sate SAMPATTAGUL Thai LCA Network website: Mailing group: Moderator: 2003 The 1 st Thai LCA Workshop and Seminar in Chiang Mai, Thailand

21 CT and Eco-Design Special Research Unit CT/LCA/EcoDesign Courses at Kasetsart University (since 2001) Undergraduate Level Lecture: Pollution Prevention and Control Chemical Engineering Process: a topic of Pollution Prevention Senior Projects (CT/ LCA/ EcoDesign) Graduate Level Lecture: Cleaner Technology & EcoDesign Life Cycle Assessment Environmental Risk Assessment Thesis (CT/ LCA/ EcoDesign)

22 MTEC s LCA & EcoDesign Projects Electrical and Electronic industry EcoDesign for Electrical and Electronic Equipment effected by WEEE Directive: Case Study of Room Air-conditioner (supported by Foreign Trade Department of Thailand through EEI) Database Preparation for EcoDesign: Life Cycle Database of Rotary Compressor (MTEC & KU) Life Cycle Assessment of Refrigerator (MTEC & Industrial partner) Eco-Compressor (Joint venture project with industrial partner) Green Camp project: a Driving Force to Support SMEs in the EE sector towards EcoProduct and EU Market Access (MTEC, EEI & NESDB) Petroleum, Petrochemical and Plastic Industry LCA of Conventional and Degradable Plastic Packaging ( ) (MTEC & Industrial partners) National LCI Database Development of Thailand First 3 group : Refinery, Natural gas, Petrochemical ( ) (MTEC, & Industrial partners)

23 MTEC s LCA & EcoDesign Projects (cont.) In Textile industry CT Internship Program: for 22 textile factories ( ) Capacity Building of Thai Institutions and Textile Industry on EU Standards and Eco-labels to Enhance Trade and Investment between Thailand and EU (MTEC, KU, THTI, DTI with main support from EU- SPF) TT & Networking and Policy development Green Manufacturing Technical Assistance Program ( ) (Technical support from Japan thru Green Aid Plan) Framework & Roadmap to Support Green Products & Services in Thailand (MTEC & CU with partial support from TRF) International LCA Conference (2005/2006) Capacity Building on EcoDesign ( ) (MTEC, KU & KBU)

24 Computer Lab for Eco-Design and LCA MTEC equips with computer hardware for National LCI Database and various well-known commercial software available for research and training activities in the areas of EcoDesign and LCA such as ECODESIGN Pilot & Assistant 3.0 Eco Material: Idemat EMIE gproms QFD Capture GaBi 4.0 SimaPro 7 Umberto 3.0 JEMAI-LCA (soon)

25 LCI/LCA Projects in Thailand Electricity grid mixes Coal Residential water supply Audiocassette tape Refrigerator, TV Air conditioner Rotary compressor EE products Paperboard packaging NG, Refinery Products, Petrochemical Products Steel, Aluminium, Copper Cement, Glass, Paint Building materials Basic chemicals etc. Textile products Biodegradable plastics (vs. Conventional HDPE) Kratong (PS Foam vs. Banana vs. KU green products) Bio-fuels/ Biomass Solar cell Natural rubber Shrimp products, Dried squid Rice Frozen vegetables Waste management LCI Software (for paper industry) etc.

26 Organizations actively involved Government MTEC/NSTDA, DIW, TRF, PCD, etc. NGO Thailand Environment Institute (TEI) Universities CMU, CU, KU, JGSEE/KMUTT, etc. Industrial-Specialized Organizations Federal of Thai Industries (FTI) Petroleum Institute of Thailand (PTIT) Electrical & Electronics Institute (EEI) Thailand Textile Institute (THTI) Ceramics Association, etc. Industry Siam Cement, Sanyo, Kulthorn Kirby, EGAT, etc. PTT, Thai Oil, TPE, Thai Asahi Glass, etc.

27 Work & Share in Networks TNEC: Thailand Network for Eco-efficiency and Cleaner Production was established in Thai LCA Network (2001) Thai RoHS Forum (2005) TGDN: Thai Green Design Network (2006) Jan 2002 National Master Plan on Cleaner Production was endorsed by National Environmental Board

28 Green Manufacturing Technical Assistance Program (GMTAP)

29 Green Manufacturing Technical Assistance Program (GMTAP) Technical support by Japanese Government under Green Partnership Plan (GPP) Phase I ( ) 2005) Under GAP: Jan Mar 2005 capacity building on LCA/EcoDesign/3 R Phase II ( ) 2008) Under GPP: Apr Mar 2008 focus on establishment of Thai National LCI database

30 Expected Outcome of GMTAP Localization of Technology through technology transfer and collaboration from Japanese partners in the form of training/workshops and pilot projects. and Sustainability Technology transferred from Japan should be sustainable and gradually adopted by local experts comprising MTEC staff and strategic partners in Thailand. Focus on LCA/EcoDesign/3 R

31 LCA MTEC plan and milestones LCI Database LCIA EcoDesign Eco Design Implementation of LCI Database Preparation Existing data Collecting new data Compiling Validation Trial LCIA Framework For Thailand APEC Workshop on LCA Thai Green Design Network (TGDN) GDN Structure & Experts for Thailand Research facilities & TT DfE/DfR tools development EcoDesign Pilot Project on SMEs National LCI Database LCIA Methodology/ Model development Eco-product Type III Regional Conference/ Workshop Note: Received technical support from Japan through GPP Green Design Handbook

32 Summary of Activities During Technical trainings on LCA and EcoDesign in Japan 17 Visits of 10 Japanese experts 17 Workshop/seminars on LCA and EcoDesign in Thailand Output/outcome ~ 100 local experts in 25 organizations on LCA and EcoDesign 17 seminars & workshops disseminated to > 1000 participants 3 Pilot R&D projects with industrial partner (Eco-compressor) 3 Completed LCI/LCA projects (Rotary compressor/ Refrigerator/some basic materials/degradable plastic bag) 2 Policy development projects (LCA roadmap/ LCIA roadmap) Stronger LCA network in Thailand (ThaiLCA.net) Establish Thai Green Design Network (ThaiGDN.net) Thai National LCI database (starting with pilot project for 3 sectors)

33 Integration of GMTAP under GPP LCA projects R&D and TT Database for products Rotary compressor Refrigerator Database for basic materials Cast iron, copper, etc. Paints, PS, PU, etc. Pilot Project: Eco-compressor Owner: MTEC & Industrial partner Combined LCA & EcoDesign Redesign Eco-parts Env. Performance Comparison Networking LCA Network (CMU) Thai Green Design Network (MTEC) Capacity Building Expert Level ~ Government units > 20 companies 6 Universities 7 NGOs and Ind. Institutions Practitioner Level ~ 1000 > 100 companies Govt. & Universities Policy Development Framework for Green Product 5 National strategies suggested Roadmap for LCI Database 3-years plan Infrastructure: National LCI Database (expected in 2008)

34 5 Organizations join hand to drive the National LCI Database Federation of Thai Industry Ministry of Industry (Department of Industrial Works) National Metal and Materials Technology Center Thai Environment Institute Thailand Research Fund (sign MOU on 30 March 2007 now a subcommittee under MOI)

35 Thai Green Design Network (ThaiGDN.net)

36 EcoDesign/ EcoProduct Development Activities at MTEC Objectives To set up Center of Excellence on EcoProduct Development To establish National LCI database on Basic Materials & Primary Energy To conduct pilot project and create capacity on EcoDesign To establish Thai Green Design Network To produce handbook, brochure and relating document on EcoDesign To organize event to promote and transfer knowledge on EcoDesign to Society

37 ThaiGDN.net

38 EcoDesign 2008 The 1 st Thailand EcoDesign Award (3 R + LC Thinking Concept)

39 CoE on EcoProduct Development Financial Support In-house funding within MTEC (2003-present) Government funding through Ministry of Industry ( ) for - National LCI database project - Center of Excellence (CoE) on eco-product development (MTEC will have CoE on EcoMaterials also)

40 微笑みが心をつなぐ愛のかけ橋日タイ修好 120 周年 รอยย มเช อมใจ 120 ป ไทย-ญ ป น

41 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thumrongrut Mungcharoen Focus Center on LCA and EcoProduct Development (FC eco-lca) National Metal and Materials Technology Center r (MTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency y (NSTDA) Tel: (662) ext Fax: (662) or Director, CT and Eco-Design Research Unit, Kasetsart University (KU) Tel: (662) ext.1203,1204 Fax: (662) thumrong@mtec.or.th, fengtrm@ku.ac.th