Integrated Water Resources Management

Transcription

1 University of California, Davis Department of Land, Air and Water Resources Integrated Water Resources Management ESM-121 Water Science and Management Samuel Sandoval Solis, PhD Assistant Professor Too much - Floods Too little - Droughts - Water Supply Too dirty - Water Quality Too much ecosystem lost - Competitive Water Uses - Environmental Stewardship 1

2 Because water is not equitably distributed in time and place, in the right quantity with the adequate quality, a discipline called water planning and management is used to redistribute the resource in a way that satisfies the needs of water users, including the environment, today and in the future Discipline: Systematic instruction, series of techniques and method Top-Dowm Policies to be implemented Authority Decision Makers Bottom-up Recommendation of Policies top be Implemented Master Plan Society Analysis and Consensus Steak Holders Envrmt Implemented Policies Relation with The system Water Resources System (AKA: The Basin ) Implementation of Policies Ideas Proposed Scenarios 2

3 Environmental Policy Enabling Environment Economic Policy Social Policy Causes: growing population and socio-economic developments Approach: move away from a supply-oriented, engineering-biased approach towards a demandoriented, multi-sectoral approach It matters who pays and who benefits ($$$) National Level Environmental Local Level Economic Social Integrative Nature of Basins Affects of policies across all scales Local Level Water demand & management occurs Citizen participation & information critical Water use efficiency determined Pollution & agricultural runoff generated National Level Legal basis enacted Economic and environmental policy established Promote sustainable development 3

4 Yemen: Avg time: 64 min Water Carriers: 68% women 16% children 11% men * Sorenson, S.B., Morrsink, C., and Campos, P.A. (2011). Safe access to safe water in low income countries:water fetching in current times j. Social Science & Medicine < hing.pdf> cartoon calendar 4

5 Objective of IRWMs Approach Wat. Mngmnt. using IWRM - at all fronts and levels, - for multiple uses and benefits, - with various strategies - For sustaining water uses and systems - Considering an uncertain future Managing for Sustainability IWRM provides benefits, including meeting existing and future water demand, Improving Wat Qual. Flexibility to deal with extreme Hyd. Evets (Droughts and floods), restoring and enhancing Ecosyst. 5

6 Sustainable development balances the exploitation of natural resources, technology development, and institutional change to enhance the potential to meet human needs and aspirations, now and in the future. Needs (objectives) World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). (1987). Our common future: The Brundtland report. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK < Water resource systems that are designed and managed to fully contribute to the needs of society, now and in the indefinite future, while protecting their cultural, ecological and hydrological integrity. Sustainable Wat. Res. System are those designed and managed to best serve people living today and in the future. Sustainable Wat. Res. System are those designed and operated in ways that make the system more adaptive, robust and resilient to an uncertain and changing future. Sandoval-Solis, S., McKinney, D.C., and Loucks, D. P. (2011). Sustainability Index for water resources planning and management. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, American Society of Civil Engineers. Vol. 137 (5): Loucks, D. P. (1997). Quantifying trends in system sustainability. Hydrol. Sci. J., 42(4), Loucks, D. P., and van Beek, E. (2005). Water resources systems planning and management, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris. 6

7 Science Science Environment Economy Science Environment Policy (Planning and Environment Policy Management) (Planning and Policy Management) Economy Society (Planning and Management) Economy Society Society t=1 t=2 t=n Broad guidance is available Difficult to translate guidance into operational concepts applied to specific systems Requires Basin approach Considering externalities and economic efficiency Scaling up of processes Multidisciplinary approach with stakeholder input Consideration of current vs. future costs and benefits 7

8 6/1/2015 Adaptive management is a process of adjusting management actions and directions in the light of new information on the current and likely future conditions of our environment and our progress toward meeting our goals and objectives It recognizes the limitation of current knowledge and uncertainty It helps us move toward meeting our changing goals over time in the face of this incomplete knowledge and uncertainty. It accepts the fact that there is a continual need to review and revise management approaches because of the changing, as well as uncertain, nature of our socio-economic and natural environments Infrastructure control, Institutional policies & incentives Warnings, Alarms Precipitation, Temperature, Humidity, Streamflow Water Quality, Groundwater, Snow pack, Evapotranspiration Decision Implementation Data Measurement Decision Making Decision Support System Data Processing & Archiving Analysis MCDM Operating rules Expert system Optimization, Warnings Risk management, Dispute Resolution Rainfall/runoff, Flooding, Hydraulics, Water Allocation, Water Pollution, Environmental Flows Data base Data model Data display 8

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12 1 ft = m 1 m 3 = x10-3 ft 3 1 m 3 = ft 3 1 ha = 10,000 m 2 1 acre = 43,560 ft 2 = ha = 4047 m 2 1 gal = 3.785x10-3 m 3 = L 1 m 3 = 8.11x10-4 af 10 9 m 3 = 8.11x10 5 af 1 km 3 = maf 1 m 3 = 264 gal 10 9 m 3 = 264x10 9 gal 1 km 3 = 264 bg 1 km 3 /yr = bgd 12