Energy Audit Analysis of Homes in Austin, TX and Smart Water/Gas in the Smart Grid

Transcription

1 Energy Audit Analysis of Homes in Austin, TX and Smart Water/Gas in the Smart Grid Ph.D. Student, The University of Texas at Austin Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Webber Energy Group WEG Symposium

2 The Presentation You are About to View will Discuss: Recently published results of our energy audit study on the efficiency of homes in Austin, TX The Pecan Street smart grid demonstration project at Mueller Preliminary smart water/gas results and ideas Future ideas and research WEG Symposium Slide 2/27

3 Austin s Unique Energy Conservation Audit and Disclosure Ordinance (ECAD) Most homes > 10 years old must get energy audit when sold Use market forces to increase the energy efficiency of buildings Address the Austin Climate Protection Plan Reduce peak demand by 700 MW by 2020 We analyzed 5000 audits from single family detached homes (SFD) Extrapolated to all SFD building stock (156,000) WEG Symposium Slide 3/27

4 The ECAD Procedures are Good but not Perfect 200+ companies perform audits Standard form, submitted to Austin Energy Many characteristics were visually noted, some measured A/C efficiency Attic insulation Window type, etc. Delta T, duct leakage Some audit problems Auditors assumed A/C air flow rates Outside temp not noted for Delta T Walls assumed to be code when built No blower door or ACH measurements WEG Symposium Slide 4/27

5 Our First Analytical Results of ECAD Data Reveal Opportunities to Reduce Peak Demand Inefficient A/C units Excess peak power demand of 205 MW 8% of Austin s peak! Oversized A/C units Excess peak power demand of 41 MW Duct leakage Excess energy consumption of 18% WEG Symposium Slide 5/27

6 The ECAD Database Includes a Representative Sample of Austin SFD Homes 200 Number of Homes Year Built WEG Symposium Slide 6/27

7 Many Installed Air-conditioners are Inefficient MW of excess peak Recommendation Number of Homes Up To Installed EER WEG Symposium Slide 7/27

8 Many Air-conditioners are Oversized 20 Actual Installed Capacity (kw) MW excess peak oversized Manual J Recommended Capacity (kw) undersized (~1MW) Installed Units 120% Manual J 100% Manual J 75% Manual J WEG Symposium Slide 8/27

9 Ducts are Notoriously Leaky 10% 8% AE recommendation 18% excess energy consumption Percentage of Systems 6% 4% 2% Blasnik et. al, 26% Cummings et. al, 24% Proctor et. al, 20% Modera & Jump 19% Siegel et. al, 16% 0% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Total Duct Leakage WEG Symposium Slide 9/27

10 Energy Audits to Smart Grid The energy audit analysis was a prequel to our work with the smart grid The Pecan Street Smart Grid Demonstration Project at Mueller Smart gas and water WEG Symposium Slide 10/27

11 Mueller is a One-of-a-Kind Smart Grid Test Bed First smart grid project that is customer focused 1,000 home area networks, 100% voluntary Smart electricity, water, and gas High penetration of residential solar (190+) Smart appliances and home energy management Dynamic pricing and information feedback WEG Symposium Slide 11/27

12 Our Smart Grid Test Bed (Mueller) is at the Old Austin Airport WEG Symposium Slide 12/27

13 Mueller in Context to the Best of Austin WEG Symposium Slide 13/27

14 We Will use Different Data Sets for our Analysis Natural gas meter Electric meter Direct measurements (quantitative) Energy audits Analysis Water meter Indirect assessments (quantitative and qualitative) Surveys Electric sub circuits WEG Symposium Slide 14/27

15 The Advanced Home Energy Audits will Capture Essential Home Characteristics Home orientation Window characteristics Size, type Insulation levels HVAC characteristics Size, leakage Air tightness Appliance information Age, efficiency = How the home can and should operate WEG Symposium Slide 15/27

16 Why Smart Water? Energy/Water Nexus Energy for Water 10 to 10,000 kwh/mg Water for Energy Up to 700 gal/mwh Drought! Austin Stage 3 water restrictions (almost) No automatic irrigation No car washing WEG Symposium Slide 16/27

17 Drought! WEG Symposium Slide 17/27

18 We are Deploying Approx. 200 Smart Water Meters in Homes Inside and outside Mueller 15 second interval (178,560 X) WEG Symposium Slide 18/27

19 Early Data Show Homes use Water Differently Gallon Per Minute Gallon Per Minute Gallon Per Minute Home :00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 Time of Day (8/11/2011) Home :00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 24:00 Time of Day (8/11/2011) Home :00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 24:00 Time of Day (8/11/2011) 24:00 WEG Symposium Slide 19/27

20 Why Smart Gas? Natural gas is an important energy flow into the home Natural gas has the potential to be the primary energy delivery mechanism Micro-gen electric using waste heat for domestic hot water Firming power for intermittent renewables i.e. solar WEG Symposium Slide 20/27

21 Smart Gas Ideas Continued Summer peak can be 80% air-conditioning Absorption type chillers could cut ~ 5kW demand per home Austin s Climate Protection Plan 50,000 homes with absorption chillers would cut peak demand by 250 MW WEG Symposium Slide 21/27

22 The All-Gas House Concept Gas can t fully replace the high quality of electricity to terminal uses Gas can replace the bulk energy delivery mechanism to the meter Local electricity production can become more efficient with micro-chp applications WEG Symposium Slide 22/27

23 Future analysis to be undertaken with our data How much granularity is needed? Electricity less? Water/Gas more? Water can be flashy for short durations What information does the consumer need? System level analysis Total energy balances Technology performance Environmental tradeoffs Pricing plans & consumer behaviors Data management WEG Symposium Slide 23/27

24 Other analysis to be performed by the 20+ experts at UT Micro storage AC vs. DC loads in the smart grid EV and PHEV integration and distribution Optimization of all sectors Novel building materials integration WEG Symposium Slide 24/27

25 Conclusions Our datasets are rich and one of a kind Our early results reveal already available methods of achieving significant energy savings We have the ability to test and validate all forms of energy delivery schemes into the home WEG Symposium Slide 25/27

26 Pecan Street Inc. Chris Holcomb Doris Duke Foundation Acknowledgements The University of Texas at Austin Dr. Michael Webber advisor Mr. Charles Upshaw Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) Dr. Paul Navratil WEG Symposium Slide 26/27

27 Thank you - Questions? Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Cockrell School of Engineering University of Texas at Austin joshdr@utexas.edu WEG Symposium Slide 27/27